Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Střeleček Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia in Èeské Budìjovice, Agricultural Faculty, Èeské Budìjovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Kollar Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia in Èeské Budìjovice, Agricultural Faculty, Èeské Budìjovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Lososová Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia in Èeské Budìjovice, Agricultural Faculty, Èeské Budìjovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Kopta Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia in Èeské Budìjovice, Agricultural Faculty, Èeské Budìjovice, Czech Republic Title: Degrees of costs effectiveness Abstract: The article deals with the change of costs and its effect upon the change of profit in the monitored firm. The first part is devoted to the theoretical framework of the area. The formula needed for calculating indicators used are stated and described here and economic effects of the degrees of effectivness are explained by the means of graphs and formulas. The second part gives the definition of the degrees of effectiveness. Each of them is characterised by five items where monitored indicators are evaluated and described on the basis of observed data. Keywords: outputs, costs, profit, price, production volume in natural units, cost per unit, differencial cost per unit, differential cost, expense rate, profitability, output index, cost index, change of output, profit change due to outputs, change of costs due to expense rate Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 145-154 Volume: 48 Issue: 4 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/5295-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5295-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200204-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:48:y:2002:i:4:id:5295-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W.J.M. Heijman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University, The Netherlands Author-Name: M.H. Hubregtse Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University, The Netherlands Author-Name: J.A.C. Van Ophem Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University, The Netherlands Title: Non-standard activities on farms in the Province of Zeeland in the Netherlands: an export base approach Abstract: In this paper, the economic impact of non-standard activities on farms (NSAF) is analysed. After a discussion of NSAF, the export base theory is introduced as the analytical tool to assess its regional economic impact. The theory is applied to the Province of Zeeland in the Netherlands for the period 1998-2008. The first conclusion is that employment will increase by an estimated 193 full-time equivalents per year in this decade. This growth is mainly attributed to an expected rise in agri-tourism. The second overall conclusion is that the export base theory is a fruitful method to assess the regional economic effects of NSAF. The method may be applied to other regions as well. Keywords: rural development, non-standard activities on farms, export base theory, regional employment Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 155-160 Volume: 48 Issue: 4 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/5296-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5296-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200204-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:48:y:2002:i:4:id:5296-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Hagelschuer Author-Workplace-Name: Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany Author-Name: A. Häger Author-Workplace-Name: Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany Title: Has the regulation of old debts in the successor companies proven worthwhile? Abstract: The old debt problem resulting from the transformation of the agricultural co-operatives of the former GDR (German Democratic Republic) is described with respect to its evolution and its economic policy treatment during the process of transformation. So far, the measures for the treatment of old debts have had business economically stabilising effects. Nevertheless, debts are still growing. The farms which are affected by such old debts are strongly interested in solving this problem. This explains the intensity of the results' discussion of a scientific expert opinion on an analysis of the mode of action of the old debt regulation in agriculture. The conclusions which can be drawn from the public discussion of these results with respect to the future treatment of these old debts show, that the affected farms favour a kind of bonus rule for debt repayment. Such a regulation also seems to be acceptable for the treasury as the final bearer of the remaining debts and as a solution to minimise the taxpayers' burden. Keywords: agricultural co-operatives, old debt, transformation Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 161-165 Volume: 48 Issue: 4 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/5297-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5297-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200204-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:48:y:2002:i:4:id:5297-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Boučková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Agricultural co-operatives: perspectives for the 21st Century Abstract: Agricultural co-operatives play an important role in the European Union, as can be proved by their numbers in the individual EU countries. However, they have diversified during the last decades and developed from the "classical" co-operative of the Rochdale type into several forms, which do not always fully observe all the recognised co-operative principles. These are namely the share co-operatives, daughter co-operatives, "New Generation Co-operatives" and limited liability co-operatives. Among the individual EU countries, there are also considerable differences with regard to the co-operative legal frame. For the future, co-operatives can play important role both in the economic field and in the social field. Keywords: co-operative business, co-operative principles, legal frame, future roles of co-operatives, the EU Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 166-170 Volume: 48 Issue: 4 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/5298-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5298-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200204-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:48:y:2002:i:4:id:5298-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Vosejpková Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Economics, Èeské Budìjovice, Czech Republic Title: Approaches to the rural development problems in the European Union and in some of the Central and Eastern European countries Abstract: Utilisation of regional policy helps to reduce disparities among regions. The approaches to solving these problems in the European Union differ from the approaches practised in Central and Eastern European countries. The development of rural areas in the European Union is realised through the principles of regional policy and its instruments, i.e. Structural Funds, in co-operation with the Common Agricultural Policy. The applied assistance from the Structural Funds is aimed at the objectively defined areas. The situation of countries with many socio-economic problems is reflected in the weak demographic structures of these regions. Solutions of the problematic situation can be found in implementation of the approach supporting the development of multi-functional agriculture and a broader social and territorial context of economic development in all adopted tools of rural development. The way of supporting diversification of the competitive rural economic structure based on encouraging new activities leads also through integrated programmes. Regional policy realisation in the CEECs depends on the institutional framework created in the dependence of the habits applied by the past political regime of the relevant country. The basic issue for the sustainable development of rural areas can be seen in diversification of agricultural activities, creation of small firms and development of tourism together with sustaining the countryside specifics. Keywords: agriculture, regional policy, rural development, socio-economic problems, structural funds Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 171-174 Volume: 48 Issue: 4 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/5299-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5299-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200204-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:48:y:2002:i:4:id:5299-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: U.R. Orth Author-Workplace-Name: Oregon State University, Corvalis, Oregon, U.S.A Author-Name: Z. Firbasová Author-Workplace-Name: Oregon State University, Corvalis, Oregon, U.S.A Title: Ethnocentrism and consumer evaluations of Czech made yoghurt Abstract: In identifying perceptions and attitudes relevant to consumer acceptance of goods originating in different countries, it would be extremely helpful for marketers to have a meaningful and consistent measure that they could apply. This study examines to what extent consumer ethnocentrism as measured by the CETSCALE singularly, as well as in concert with selected demographic and psycho-graphic variables, can predict consumers' evaluation of domestic versus foreign produce. The findings indicate that consumer ethnocentrism is a strong and significant predictor of consumer product evaluations. Including the ethnocentrism variable in a set of demographic and psycho-graphic variables significantly improves the predictive ability of the set. Potential applications of the concept include identification of market segments that react more favourably to domestic or foreign produce, developing effective marketing communication strategies, and supporting location decisions for retail outlet sites. Keywords: CETSCALE, country-of-origin, conjoint analysis, consumer preferences Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 175-182 Volume: 48 Issue: 4 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/5300-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5300-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200204-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:48:y:2002:i:4:id:5300-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Hrubý Author-Workplace-Name: Prague, Czech Republic Title: Nutrition economics - important source of information Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 183-188 Volume: 48 Issue: 4 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/5301-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5301-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200204-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:48:y:2002:i:4:id:5301-AGRICECON