Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Střeleček Author-Workplace-Name: F. STØELEÈEK, P. KOLLAR, J. LOSOSOVÁ The Department of Accounting and Financial Management, University of South Bohemia, Èeské Budìjovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Kollar Author-Workplace-Name: F. STØELEÈEK, P. KOLLAR, J. LOSOSOVÁ The Department of Accounting and Financial Management, University of South Bohemia, Èeské Budìjovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Lososová Author-Workplace-Name: F. STØELEÈEK, P. KOLLAR, J. LOSOSOVÁ The Department of Accounting and Financial Management, University of South Bohemia, Èeské Budìjovice, Czech Republic Title: Economic results of agricultural companies in production and marginal areas in the year 2000 Abstract: The article was written on the base of research results concerning economic development of several selected Czech agricultural companies. In dependence on the altitude, the sample was divided into two sub-samples: companies of production areas and companies of marginal areas. Various economic indicators were monitored in these two sub-samples, the most important one being the economic result before tax. Other monitored indicators are closely related to this one - e.g. the required profit ratio, structure of the economic result, tax impact on the economic result. Other monitored indicators were: the structure of the revenue, productivity of labour, labour technical equipment, capital efficiency and other. Time comparison (development during several recent years; comparison between production and marginal areas) and space comparison of these two sub-samples were carried out. In its conclusion, this article evaluates the history of the hitherto development. Keywords: production areas, marginal areas, economic result before tax, economic result for the accounting period, capital efficiency, productivity of labour, labour technical equipment, tax multiplier, tax rate, liquidity, assets structure, liabilities structure Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 433-443 Volume: 48 Issue: 10 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/5349-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5349-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200210-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:48:y:2002:i:10:id:5349-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Lacina Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Minařík Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Czech Republic Title: Impact of agricultural sector on the economic situation of NUTS III regions in the Czech Republic Abstract: In all developed economies of the world there was, in the past, a significant decrease in the share of agriculture with regard to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employment. However, it is still possible to find considerable differences between individual countries as well as between regions. The income of agricultural workers is traditionally lower, which subsequently leads to an outflow of population from the country into cities, and to further deterioration of the demographic and economic situation of the rural population. As adequate production of food and food self-sufficiency have been among the strategic priorities of national governments, macroeconomic policies make efforts to support agricultural production both at the national and international level. Therefore, the Common Agricultural Policy has been one of the oldest policies of the European Communities. However, this support increasingly deviates from direct support of production towards harmonic development and diversification of activities in rural regions. With regard to these facts, the authors attempt to identify the particular causal relations between selected indicators at the level of territorial units NUTS III - the regions of the Czech Republic, and to verify the actual existence or non-existence of these relations. Noticeable differences between regions have been found, measured by the share of the agricultural sector in the regional GDP and employment. Subsequently, the authors have identified a dropping tendency between the share of agricultural employment and average income. On the other hand, no relations of dependency have been found between the GDP and agricultural employment and registered unemployment. Neither has the relation between agricultural employment and the GDP per inhabitant been identified as statistically significant. However, there is a high degree of dependence between the share of agricultural employment and the GDP per inhabitant generated in the agricultural sector, between the share of the country population (population density) and the GDP per inhabitant generated in the agricultural sector, and finally between the population density and the GDP generated by the agricultural sector in the particular region (Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9). It can be derived from these facts that their economic structure and demographic situation determine the variability among regions. In the future, these regions should receive aid targeted at the development of rural regions. Identification and statistical evidence of the problems of agriculturally-oriented regions is an important prerequisite for drawing funds from the European Communities programmes and for the establishment of effective macroeconomic policy at the national level. However, despite all the conclusions given above, it can be stated that at the present time agriculture apparently neither contributes to greater unemployment nor it lowers the efficiency of the economy measured by the region's GDP. Keywords: Czech Republic, agriculture, higher territorial administrative units, unemployment, GDP per capita, rural development Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 444-448 Volume: 48 Issue: 10 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/5350-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5350-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200210-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:48:y:2002:i:10:id:5350-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Bečvářová Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Business and Economics, Brno, Czech Republic Title: The changes of the agribusiness impact on the competitive environment of agricultural enterprises Abstract: The market extension generally affects growth performance positively by allowing an expansion of markets, by increasing outside competition as well as by more rapid diffusion of new products, processes and research output between national economies. The positive effects of considerable market on productivity are indubitable. However, two other weighty phenomena of the process are necessary to investigate, effects of regulatory policy and market power exhibits. Agriculture as a sector belongs to those, where the support policies exist for a long time. Nevertheless, the last decades have witnessed considerable changes in this sector among most of developed countries and their agricultural/regulatory policies. It has been perceived, that the agriculture for 21st century cannot be separated from the other components of agri-food sector. The economic importance of the processing and finalization stages (i.e. food industry and food distribution) has increased over time. There are concerned inter-relationships between the market structures development and the crucial factors of the interconnected markets developments in the framework of production verticals of agricultural commodities. Reflecting the steadily more sophisticated supply side behaviour, solution is based upon the demand oriented approach explaining changes of the position of agriculture within the agri-food chain. Conflict of interest between the regulatory/agricultural policy and the market power of input supply and output processing firms and retail notably has increased dramatically. Economic manifestation of the increasing market power on the demand side as well as the impact of market interrelationships and change of policy regulation efficiency within commodity chains are characterised there. The position of agriculture within the agri-food chain has changed and the influence of farmers has decreased. Success of agricultural enterprises in achieving their operational goals is still more influenced by improvements in productivity and by competitiveness of other "links" of the agri-food chain. Keywords: agribusiness, agri-food chain, food industry, competitiveness, market power exhibit, monopsony, regulatory policy Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 449-455 Volume: 48 Issue: 10 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/5351-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5351-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200210-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:48:y:2002:i:10:id:5351-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Syrovátka Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Grega Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Analysis of methodological approaches to evaluation of complementary and substitution relationships in consumer demand for food Abstract: The article is focused on analysis of methodological approaches usable for the analysis of complementary and substitution relationships in consumer demand for food. Demand on food markets is mostly analysed using coefficients of cross elasticities. These coefficients reflect character and intensity of demand relationships of analysed foodstuffs. Besides this traditional approach, another methodological possibility is presented in the paper. This approach is based on correlation and paired regression analysis. Paired indices of determination and correlation, respectively paired regression parameters, may be also used to solve substitution and complementary relationships between the analysed food commodities. Moreover, this methodological approach can be used for analysis of complementary and substitution relationships between aggregate groups of goods, which is not possible if coefficients of indirect price elasticity of demand are used. Keywords: consumer demand for food, substitution relationships in demand, complementary relationships in demand, paired linear correlation, paired linear regression Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 456-462 Volume: 48 Issue: 10 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/5352-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5352-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200210-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:48:y:2002:i:10:id:5352-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Ševela Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Gravity-type model of Czech agricultural export Abstract: The article concentrates on the application of gravity-type model to explain the volume of agro-exports from the Czech Republic. The multiplicative exponential function of the appropriate explanatory variables is used to describe the bilateral trade flows. Gross national product, gross national product per capita and geographical distance between the capitals of economies proved statistically significant. From regression analysis of the transformed data, there is apparent the positive correlation between the export volume of the commodity group 0 - Food and live animals SITC, rev.3 and gross national income. On the contrary, the negative correlation is between the agro-export volume and gross national income per capita and geographical distance as well. The built model is significant at the 5% level and explains more than 75% of dependent variable variance. Keywords: international trade, agricultural trade, log-linear regression, trade flows Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 463-466 Volume: 48 Issue: 10 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/5353-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5353-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200210-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:48:y:2002:i:10:id:5353-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. Rejnuš Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: The significance of commodity exchanges for trade in agricultural products in the Czech Republic, and prospects of their future development Abstract: The paper deals with the functioning of commodity exchanges in the Czech Republic, and is particularly concerned with exchanges trading in agricultural production commodities. The introductory part of the paper is oriented towards the theory and general structure of commodity exchanges; the other parts subsequently deal (in more detail) with the most problematic areas of their operation in the Czech Republic up to the present time. Within this part of the paper, the method of analytical evaluation is used for examining, above all, the existing legal regulation, the structure and function of these exchanges. Subsequently, using the method of comparative analysis, selected key aspects of their operation are compared with the theoretical requirements of their functioning as well as with the everyday functioning of this kind of exchange in economically developed countries. Findings gathered this way are subsequently utilized in the concluding part of the paper, the subject matter of which is a prediction about the possible variants of the future development of Czech agricultural commodity exchanges, with regard to the assumed admission of the Czech Republic to the European Union. Keywords: prompt transactions, futures, options, liquidity, agricultural commodities, hedging, risks Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 467-472 Volume: 48 Issue: 10 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/5354-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5354-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200210-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:48:y:2002:i:10:id:5354-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Kopeček Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Analysis of the yield milk effect on the economics of milk production Abstract: Relations between the level of milk yield and the economic results of dairy cows breeding were analysed on the base of operational and economic data received from 135 agricultural enterprises. The analysis was aiming at the optimization of milk production expressed by means of the cost function. By evaluating the above-mentioned relations, there was recorded a tendency of the faster growth of milk yield compared to the costs for market milk for one feeding day of a dairy cow. On the base of the expense function, there was expressed the maximum profit for a litre of market milk, the maximum profit for a dairy cow per year and the interval of profitability of milk production in 2000. Keywords: dairy cows breeding, milk, milk yield, economics, costs, price, profit Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 473-479 Volume: 48 Issue: 10 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/5355-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5355-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200210-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:48:y:2002:i:10:id:5355-AGRICECON