Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Blaas Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Agriculture and Food Economics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: Diversification of individual farms in Slovakia with regard to production use patterns and level of income Abstract: During the years of transition to market economy, a variety of farming types has evolved in Slovakia. Corporate farming is still pursued on about 80 per cent of the total agricultural land area, but a gradual increase of individual farms can be observed. A large portion of the registered individual farms is producing both for the market and for the self-supply of households, but the importance of specialised commercial farms has been growing during the recent years. Their share in the total number of registered individual farms can be estimated as 25 per cent and they specialise as a rule on cash crop products. The average production area is 130 hectares, but income differentiation is wide-ranging within this group of farms. The lowest income strata (which represent about 50 per cent of these farms) receive eight times less income, than the highest one - represented by less than 2 per cent of cases. Keywords: farm restructuring, individual farm, product specialisation, production use, income, scale of operation Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 1-7 Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/5257-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5257-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200301-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:49:y:2003:i:1:id:5257-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kubanková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: V. Burianová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: The comparison of the cost-rate and profitability of the agricultural products in the SR and CR Abstract: The article deals with the comparison and evaluation of the development of economic indicators, such as the costs, yields, economic result and profitability in the Czech and Slovak Republics for the period of years 1997-2000. The economic indicators are evaluated and compared on the basis of sample survey results of the RIAFE Bratislava and RIAE (Research Institute of Agricultural Economics) Prague. The first part contains the evaluation and comparison of the costs, yields and the economic results for agricultural production and its branches recalculated per 1 ha of agricultural land (a. l.). The second part contains the evaluation and comparison of the production intensity indicators (per hectare yields, utility), costs per 1 ha, 100 feeding days and per unit, and agricultural production realization prices. Based on these indicators, cost profitability of the selected plant and animal products is quantified. Keywords: comparison, costs, yields, economic result, profit, profitability Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 8-13 Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/5258-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5258-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200301-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:49:y:2003:i:1:id:5258-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Matošková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Agriculture and Food Economics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: V. Ižáková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Agriculture and Food Economics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: Quantitative evaluation of the effect of economic tools on economic policies in the food industry of the SR Abstract: The article deals with the evaluation of competitiveness in milling, feedstuffs, pasta, spirits, wine, beer and malt industries in the Slovak Republic. It further evaluates the impacts of economic policy tools on the stated sections of food industry by means of the PAM analysis. The impact of the policies on income, costs and profits of food production in the selected food industry branches has been discovered, based on the effects of divergences and coefficients of nominal and effective protection. Keywords: competitiveness, agrarian policy, profitability, food industry Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 14-21 Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/5259-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5259-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200301-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:49:y:2003:i:1:id:5259-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Ševčíková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Agriculture and Food Economics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: Comparison of the value added development in the agricultural and food sectors and the efficiency of its creation Abstract: The article summarises the results of the analysis of value added (VA) in agriculture and food industry and the share of intermediate consumption in the value added. The results show that during 1993-2000, the Slovak agricultural sector (farming, hunting, forestry and fisheries), where farming is clearly dominant, together with the construction sector, reported the most significant decline in their relative contribution to the overall value added created in the national economy, whereas the contribution of market services increased. The moderate increase (1998, 1999) in the contribution of the food sector to the total value added in the national economy, as well as to industrial production (2000), has been brought to a halt and, eventually, began deflating. The tendency of declining participation of the agricultural sector in value added was also typical for the EU member states and for the CEFTA countries. Agriculture remains dominant in terms of its contribution to value added in the agri-food sector (54.5% in the year 2000). In the category of land-farming holdings, the share of intermediate consumption in value added increased (both in co-operatives and business companies, whether loss-making or profitable). The farmers in mountainous areas spent per 1 SKK of value added 0.65-1.42 SKK more of intermediate consumption than farmers in the maize production area and 0.54-1.32 SKK more than farmers in the sugar-beet production area. In the production of foodstuffs, beverages and tobacco processing, which is more demanding in terms of consumed inputs than agricultural production (the same is true for developed economies), the ratio between intermediate consumption and value added differed depending on the branch concerned. Agriculture was one of the most demanding sectors in terms of fixed asset investments necessary to generate value added. The initial decline was brought to stop in 1998 and the relative share of fixed assets (FA) in value added (VA) started to increase, particularly in the year 2000, mainly under the influence of increased support to farmers' capital investments. Although the creation of value added in agricultural co-operatives initially demanded more investments in fixed assets than it was the case in farming business companies, the difference narrowed over the time. The group of loss-making entities reported the FA/VA ratios twice as high as the group of profitable entities, which sends a signal to the former to revise the structure of their production and to improve management practices. Similarly as in the case of intermediate consumption, also the FA/VA ratio increased as the production conditions deteriorated. The ratios in the production of foodstuffs and beverages (without tobacco processing) were significantly lower than those in the farming sector. In 1999, the lowest FA/VA ratio occurred in the production of durable bakery products and the highest in the production of fruit and vegetable juices. Keywords: national economy, production of foodstuffs, agriculture, value added, intermediate consumption, fixed assets Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 22-29 Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/5260-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5260-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200301-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:49:y:2003:i:1:id:5260-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Brodová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Ševčíková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: The development of the price parity in the foodstuffs production and consumption vertical Abstract: The analysis of the development of prices in the foodstuffs vertical, it means the prices of inputs into the agriculture, agricultural products, food products and consumption prices of foodstuffs, on the basis of the price scissors, and with crucial products on the basis of the price shares and differences, has shown that price liberalisation with the applied partial regulation of their development within the market-oriented reform has evoked the greatest raise of prices within 1991-2001 regarding inputs into the agriculture, while prices of agricultural products were growing slower. The parity coefficient (the ratio of price indices) between the development of the prices of inputs and outputs became worse as of 1989 to the detriment of agriculture from 93.9 reached in 1990 to 50.3 in 2001, what means a significant opening of the price scissors to the detriment of agricultural producers. That situation was influenced mostly by the development in the first year of the reform but the trend of opening the price scissors, except for 1994, was persisting, though in the last two years the differences in the trends of the development of prices of inputs and outputs have been moderated. At the beginning of the development, the effect of the low level of the agricultural products prices was not adequately reflected in the prices of food producers and consequently in consumer prices. This was influenced mainly by the pressure of food producers evoked by the need of settlement of additional costs connected with the transformation, in particular to the detriment of the agricultural products prices (opening of the price scissors with the parity coefficient dropping from 90.8 in 1990 to 56.5 in 2001), but this negative trend has been stopped in the last two years. A gradual accommodation of demand and supply and a growing competition environment also through large retails established in our country has been reflected in closing the price scissors between the prices of food producers and consumer prices of foodstuffs (the parity coefficient raised from 76.6 in 1991 to 88.7 in 2001). The development of the shares and differences in prices as of 1994 pointed to a substantial differentiation in the development of prices in the vertical of the production and consumption of individual products what was effected by the applied regulation system as well. With milk and milk products, the majority of the evaluated products was showing a slightly raised share of the raw cow milk price in the final food products prices, and in the last three years, also the processor price share in the consumer price. This narrowed the difference between the producer and dealer prices. With slaughter cattle and the major kinds of beef, a gradual decline of the slaughter cattle price share in the processor price was interrupted in 2001, what, to a certain extent, was also caused by the crisis evoked by the BSE and by the minimum price which prevented transferring of these consequences, to a larger extent, to farmers. Similarly, in 2001, a non-standard situation occurred between the processor and consumer prices of the individual kinds of beef. With slaughter pigs and the evaluated kinds of pork, after the period of dropping slaughter pig prices share in the processor price of the major kinds of pork, its growth was recorded mostly in 2001, when the processor price share in the consumer price dropped as well. Keywords: the price, price regulation, parity coefficient, price scissors, food vertical Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 30-36 Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/5261-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5261-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200301-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:49:y:2003:i:1:id:5261-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Šrédl Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Evaluation of common projects efficiency in agriculture Abstract: The quality of economic education is one of the economic growth factors because its increasing leads to a higher level of human resources. The efficiency of education is most often defined as the relation between outputs (effects, utilities) of education and costs invested into this education (input). For increasing of the education quality, it is necessary to increase public funds up to 6% of GDP to achieve the level of developed market economies. Keywords: human capital, education, quantity and quality of education, technological competency, competitive advantage Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 37-39 Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/5262-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5262-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200301-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:49:y:2003:i:1:id:5262-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Jeníček Author-Workplace-Name: Èeská zemìdìlská univerzita, Praha, Èeská republika Title: World food problem Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 40-50 Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/5263-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5263-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200301-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:49:y:2003:i:1:id:5263-AGRICECON