Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Šilerová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Lang Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Information systems - tool for changing our future Abstract: The article deals with the usage of the information systems and expansion of the portals. In the part "results", there is elaborated a questionnaire applied on the agrarian sector. Today, the approach to the development of the information systems is oriented to the implementation of the portal solutions, which enables us a web access to the information and applications with an effective possibility of management and administration. Here, we are able to find typical user groups with quite specific information needs, who would find the specialized web portal very useful. This is because such kind of portal could offer them "everything at once and at one place", it means all of their needs would be satisfied immediately and users do not have to waste time with an information search at other places. Keywords: information technologies, communication technologies, internet, information systems, portals Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 447-450 Volume: 52 Issue: 10 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/5049-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5049-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200610-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:52:y:2006:i:10:id:5049-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Vostrovský Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Expert systems utilization in knowledge management Abstract: Knowledge and information are the key to successful pursuit of business activity. For the management knowledge, there can be employed among others the expert systems and eLearning. The article provides the expert systems utilization in knowledge management as the expert eLearning component. This solution then makes it possible to preserve the appropriate set of knowledge for a given business activity in knowledge bases and to pass this knowledge in the moment of need in the form of multimedia teaching applications to the appropriate employees. Keywords: knowledge, knowledge management, expert system, eLearning, expert eLearning Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 451-455 Volume: 52 Issue: 10 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/5050-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5050-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200610-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:52:y:2006:i:10:id:5050-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Aly Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Vrana Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Toward efficient modeling of fuzzy expert systems: a survey Abstract: Efficient modeling of the artificial intelligence tools has become a necessity in order to cut down the development and maintenance cost associated with building application systems in the business, industrial and agriculture sectors that are frequently amendable to sudden unexpected environmental and economic conditions changes. This can be accomplished through developing an efficient modeling language which exploits the beneficial features of the emerging object-oriented technology. This research is aimed at reviewing the recent scientific aspects of the research concerning conceptual modeling of fuzzy knowledge-based system, which exhibits a large extent of applicability in last few decades due to its capability to deal with vagueness, uncertainty and subjectivity, those are inherent in real world problems. The most recent researches and applications of fuzzy expert system are surveyed. The existing knowledge modeling techniques are reviewed and the prominent ones are pinpointed. This paper is intended to identify the main and common bottlenecks of the existing knowledge modeling tools to overcome it in developing a reliable conceptual model of fuzzy expert system. Keywords: fuzzy expert systems, knowledge modeling, object-orientation Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 456-460 Volume: 52 Issue: 10 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/5051-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5051-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200610-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:52:y:2006:i:10:id:5051-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Fehér Author-Workplace-Name: Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: R. Fejős Author-Workplace-Name: Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Title: The main elements of food policy in Hungary Abstract: Hungary has recently become a member of the European Economic Union (EU) and most of the economic benefits are expected to come from expanded trade with other EU nations. While some variation in agricultural policy continues to exist between EU members, all countries generally, benefit from lower tariffs and expanded trade opportunities. However, Hungary must also be able to compete on the basis of quality and price in order to maintain current domestic markets and sell more to other EU countries. In order for the Hungarian agriculture and food industry to contribute to economic development it must continue to focus on efficiency and competitiveness. Hungary benefits from many natural features, which provide favourable conditions for agriculture: fertile plains, an advantageous climate and production experience, which makes possible a total yearly agricultural and food products trade surplus fluctuating between 1.5 and 2 billion US $ for the last 12 years. However, after the EU accession, the Hungarian internal market has become fully open and domestic products have to compete with the products of other EU members. This is why the renewal of food regulation and policy was indispensable. This article examines the Hungarian food policy (1) before the transformation to a market oriented system, when the policy was quantity orientated, (2) during the pre-accession period, when quality policy became more important, and (3) after accession to the EU where food safety has become more important. Keywords: food policy, food safety, EU accession, quality, food consumption, privatisation, food industry, foreign trade Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 461-470 Volume: 52 Issue: 10 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/5052-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5052-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200610-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:52:y:2006:i:10:id:5052-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Grznár Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Ľ. Szabo Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: On some potential competitive advantages of the Slovak agricultural enterprises in the EU Abstract: The paper deals with identification of some forms of potential competitive advantage that can be applied by the Slovak agrarian enterprises after the accession to the EU. The capacity of the economies of scale is being analyzed, as well as the potential of the labor productivity growth, and input management in controlling of intensification process. The paper is targeted at verifying the extent of application of competitive advantages by agrarian enterprises, and identifying the reasons of obstacles that hinder their full utilization. Keywords: competitive advantage, economies of scale, labor productivity, input management Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 471-476 Volume: 52 Issue: 10 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/5053-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5053-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200610-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:52:y:2006:i:10:id:5053-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Čechura Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The role of credit rationing in Czech agriculture - the case of large agricultural enterprises Abstract: The article is concerned with the analysis of the role of credit rationing in Czech agriculture on the case of large agricultural enterprises. The part of results, first presents the author's derivation of the theoretical model (model CR-AS), which represents a good tool (approach) for the analysis of credit rationing on sector level. Second, the focus on large agricultural enterprises and relevant characteristic of agriculture ask for a small adjustment of the derived model CR-AS in the part of model application. Third, the adjusted model is expressed numerically by the employment of econometric methodology. The estimation of the model is made per partes. The co-integration is used for fitting the Cobb-Douglas production function, which embodies the long run production characteristics of large agricultural enterprises. The CRDcurve is derived based on the stability assumption of the production function that is essential considering the recursive nature of the model. Finally, the specified model is employed in the ex-post analysis of the impact of credit rationing on production level of large agricultural enterprises. The outputs of the analysis suggest that, in average, the group of large agricultural enterprises might not be directly influenced by possible presence of credit rationing on the agricultural loan market. Nevertheless, that might not be the case of small and middle enterprises. The analysis continues with the investigation of possible meeting of credit rationing within both the group of large agricultural enterprises and the group of small and middle enterprises and stresses his implications. Furthermore, the role of the PGRLF (Support and Guarantee Farm and Forestry Fund) is analysed and discussed on the subject of reduction of credit rationing phenomena on the agricultural loan market. Keywords: loan, credit rationing, large agricultural enterprise, production function, PGRLF (Support and Guarantee Farm and Forestry Fund) Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 477-488 Volume: 52 Issue: 10 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/5054-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5054-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200610-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:52:y:2006:i:10:id:5054-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Srnec Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Havrland Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Microfinancing: challenges and prospects. Appropriate conditions for changes from informal to formal microfinancing institutions Abstract: "The International Year of Microcredit 2005 underscores the importance of microfinance as an integral part of our collective effort to meet the Millennium Development Goals. Sustainable access to microfinance helps to alleviate poverty by generating income…" (Kofi Anan). One of the important factors which influence disbursement of public debts in the LDCs are Microfinancing institutions. The article characterizes the progress of discharge of bankrupt from the macroeconomic point of view, and in the situation for microfinancing industry. One of the main question is when and under what conditions it is the suitable to accelerate the transformation of informal MFIs to formal institutions. In the conclusion, the basic conditions and hypothesis, which are necessary for functioning of formal MFIs, are mentioned. Keywords: microfinance, microfinance industry, risk mitigation, formal and informal MFIs, sustainability Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 489-496 Volume: 52 Issue: 10 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/5055-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5055-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200610-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:52:y:2006:i:10:id:5055-AGRICECON