Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Jeníček Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economy, Prague, Czech Republic Title: World trade with services in globalisation processes Abstract: Abstract: Services become an important participant of the international economic relationships during the last 20 to 30 years. Since the sector of services used formerly to be applied rather more on the national level, we speak of the internalisation of services, which become an important article of international trade. Compared to the dynamics of world trade with tangible goods, services reach higher year-to year increases and their share in the world trade turnover still increases. The explanation lies in the growing importance of services connected to the level of the economy development and in the foreign trade with services liberalisation. The value of the services export on the world level reached approx.1.5 trill. USD in 2000. The value of the world export of tangible goods was 5.5 trill. USD in the same year, so that export of services covered approximately one fifth of the total world tangible and non-tangible goods. The share of services in the world export (tangible and non-tangible) grew continually. Keywords: world trade with services, classification of services, services in foreign trade, structure of the trade with services Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 55-64 Volume: 53 Issue: 2 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/1229-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1229-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200702-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:53:y:2007:i:2:id:1229-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Svatoš Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Specific aspects of globalization Abstract: The decisive role of globalization processes and development tendencies has many positive and negative effects in economic (foreign-trade), environmental, and (bio) technological areas. From the evolution point of view still very successful human adaptation strategy hit the basic limit given by the capacity of the Earth biosphere. The evolution determinants of human society and their economic or technological activities manifesting themselves by global problems can find way out of sustainable development. The application of the so-called preventive principle represents a great dilemma. Keywords: globalization, sustainable development, WTO, evolution Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 65-68 Volume: 53 Issue: 2 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/1423-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1423-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200702-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:53:y:2007:i:2:id:1423-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Tvrdoň Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Reflection of globalization and integration processes Abstract: The paper deals with the modelling of globalization and integration processes which fundamentally influence enterprise functioning, subject and business forms in both the internal and external trade. Final output is the result of internationally coordinated production in many sectors. The impact of this process is that costs of inputs are minimized and intermediate products are made in different countries. As capital becomes more mobile and technology facilitates international communication, national borders become more permeable to economic activity. Economic reality that is the aim of this modelling is changing and due to this it is necessary to adjust modelling techniques analysed in this paper. Keywords: globalization processes, global chains, production model in international environment, models of foreign trade relationships Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 69-73 Volume: 53 Issue: 2 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/1424-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1424-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200702-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:53:y:2007:i:2:id:1424-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Herová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Strategy of the management of natural resources Abstract: Management of natural resources in the context of sustainable development can be defined as the economic management of natural resources to allow their perpetual and undiminished supply. At the same time, use of the local natural resources should contribute to the economic and social development of the local community. It is vitally important to emphasize the role of local participation and knowledge. Experience, understanding, and expertise need to be assessed to help to determine the most effective roles for local individuals within the sustainable natural resource project. This assessment and its implications for the economy, community and protection of natural resources at the state, regional and local levels are a subject for case study. Keywords: management of natural resources, participants, knowledge, natural resources, local and regional development Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 74-82 Volume: 53 Issue: 2 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/1427-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1427-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200702-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:53:y:2007:i:2:id:1427-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Tsai Author-Workplace-Name: National Taipei University, Taipei, Taiwan Author-Name: H.-Y. Hung Author-Workplace-Name: National Taipei University, Taipei, Taiwan Title: International brand strategy of Taiwanese hi-tech enterprises Abstract: This paper compares two Taiwanese high-tech enterprises, Acer and Trend Micro, which choose different international brand marketing strategies due to the diverse managing types and product characteristics. The hardware products and business software sold by Acer and Trend Micro are discussed to reveal their international brand development and marketing strategy. The research findings can be provided for different enterprises for decision-making when they consider their internationalization and brand strategy. Keywords: International brand marketing, hi-tech enterprise, Acer, Trend Micro Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 83-88 Volume: 53 Issue: 2 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/903-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/903-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200702-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:53:y:2007:i:2:id:903-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Aly Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Vrana Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Multiple parallel fuzzy expert systems utilizing a hierarchical fuzz model Abstract: Business, economic, and agricultural YES-or-NO decision making problems often require multiple, different and specific expertises. This is due to the nature of such problems in which decisions may be influenced by multiple different, relevant aspects, and accordingly multiple corresponding expertises are required. Fuzzy expert systems (FESs) are widely used to model expertises due to its capability to model real world values, which are not always exact, but frequently vague or uncertain. In this research, different expertises, relevant to the decision solution, are modeled using several corresponding FESs. Every FES produces a crisp numerical output expressing the degree of bias toward "Yes" or "No" decision. A unified scale is standardized for numerical outputs of all FESs. This scale ranges from 0 to 10, where the value 0 represents a complete bias "No" decision and the value 10 represents a complete bias to "Yes" decision. Intermediate values reflect the degree of bias either to "Yes" or "No" decision. These systems are then integrated to comprehensibly judge the binary decision problem, which requires all such expertises. Practically, the main reasons for independency among the multiple FESs can be related to maintainability, decision responsibility, analyzability, knowledge cohesion and modularity, context flexibility, sensitivity of aggregate knowledge, decision consistency, etc. The proposed mechanism for realizing integration is a hierarchical fuzzy system (HFS) based model, which allows the utilization of the existing If-then knowledge about how to combine/aggregate the outputs of FESs. Keywords: fuzzy expert system, hierarchical fuzzy model, integration Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 89-93 Volume: 53 Issue: 2 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/1425-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1425-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200702-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:53:y:2007:i:2:id:1425-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Vaníček Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Software quality measures validation in the Czech Republic Abstract: The paper concludes the research results performed on the Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, concerning the utilization and validation of external and internal software quality measures (metrics). The aim of this research was the validation of measures (metrics) recommended in the ISO/IEC 9126-2 and 9126-3 technical reports, with the intention to incorporate selected measures to international standards. The research presents the serious deficiencies and users provisions concerning these measures and the necessity of a deep revision of the set of measures before the decision about incorporating these measures into the ISO/IEC 250xx standards series, developed within the SQuaRE international research project. The main part of this contribution was presented at the conference Agricultural Perspectives XV, organised by the Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, September 20 to 21, 2006. Keywords: ISO/IEC quality model, quality metrics, external measures, internal measures, quality characteristics, validation, user research Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 94-100 Volume: 53 Issue: 2 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/1422-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1422-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200702-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:53:y:2007:i:2:id:1422-AGRICECON