Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Jeníček Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of International Relations, University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Krepl Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of International Relations, University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The role of foreign trade and its effects Abstract: Foreign trade is the reflection of economic relationships among the individual economies and represents the part of the country foreign relationships, which include trade exchange of a part of the production. In the simplifies balance understanding, it is usually presupposed that the object of this exchange is such a part of the production, which exceeds the home consumers demand and thus is the object of export, or, vice versa, that part of the home demand which is not satisfied by the home production and thus has to be covered by import. In reality, the whole process is, however, substantially more complicated, as the whole series of reasons (price, trade, political etc.) lead often to exporting even those products which might have been realised in the home market, regarding the purchasable demand, and on the other hand, import includes in most commodity groups also the products competing with the home production and thus securing a wider assortment of supply. Keywords: function of foreign trade, transformation function, factor of economic growth, factor of the home economy lagging behind, measure and shape of the economy openness, evaluation of the foreign trade effects Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 211-220 Volume: 55 Issue: 5 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/1507-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1507-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200905-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:55:y:2009:i:5:id:1507-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Hron Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business and Economics, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Macák Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business and Economics, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Control of food products' quality Abstract: The paper deals with one of the significant parts of the concept related to controlling production quality, which is the analysis of production quality stability done for the following production procedure regulation aimed at the food manufacturing industry. The proposed methodology (respecting the change of location and variability of the food quality characteristics) will be introduced on the milk quality regulation. Also, there is the frequent problem solved out here in the report that relates to food quality measuring - their self-regulation by using the statistical calculation of self-regulation higher classes' coefficients and also using the functional statement taken from the differential description. Keywords: quality management, control of food quality, character of food quality Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 221-228 Volume: 55 Issue: 5 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/28/2009-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/28/2009-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200905-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:55:y:2009:i:5:id:28-2009-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Tichá Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business and Economics, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Viable strategies in volatile times Abstract: The article aims at the description and assessment of strategic options for companies which have necessary resources to take the advantage of the current economic downturn. The theoretical framework is based on two predominant approaches to competitive advantage and the practical implications for actions to be adopted are derived from the recommendations published recently by the leading consulting firms. While quick fixes ensuring a short-term survival (mostly financially based cost-saving measures) are an essential first step, a longer-term success lies in the effective adoption of the scenario-planning techniques, active competitors intelligence and a proactive attitude to restructuring through a combination of mergers, acquisitions and divestment decisions. Keywords: economic downturn, crisis, competitive advantage, strategic choice Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 229-232 Volume: 55 Issue: 5 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/29/2009-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/29/2009-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200905-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:55:y:2009:i:5:id:29-2009-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Svatoš Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economic and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Smutka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economic and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Influence of the EU enlargement on the agrarian foreign trade development in member states Abstract: The paper analyses the development of agrarian foreign trade of the EC/EU states in the period 1961-2006. The aim of the analysis is to evaluate the influence of the EC/EU member base enlargement on the development of the value and territorial structure of the Community agrarian trade. Additionally, the paper analyses the impacts of the accession of the particular countries on their own and the total agrarian trade of the Community with the aim to clarify the development trends which preceded the accession to the EC/EU and which subsequently appear after the accession of the given state to the Community. Development trends recorded in the case of all joined countries in the period 1973-2006 are compared and in the final part of the paper, the impacts of the enlargement of the EC/EU on the development of internal (intra) and external (extra) trade are summarised. Keywords: European Union, agrarian trade, intrastat, extrastat, enlargement, impacts, development, trend Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 233-249 Volume: 55 Issue: 5 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/34/2009-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/34/2009-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200905-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:55:y:2009:i:5:id:34-2009-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Bartůšková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economic and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Homolka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economic and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Analysis of land-law relations development in the Czech Republic after 1989 in the legal and economic kontext Abstract: Changes in the land law, which occurred after 1948, still influence the whle Czech countryside to this day. Typical features of Czech agriculture, i.e. the fragmentation of ownership of the agricultural land fund and the high share of leased agricultural land, which is a direct consequence of the socialistic large-scale production, continue even despite extensive legal changes after 1989. The changes in the Czech land law after 1989 brought about not only the legal guarantees for owners but also new problems, which are still necessary to solve. An important tool of the solution of the present Czech agriculture problems is represented by land adjustments. The membership of the Czech Republic in the European Union on one hand led to the simplification of land acquisition for some foreigners, however; on the other hand it has not influenced in principle the structure of landowners. Still in 2008, the questions of the atonement of property injustices are finished yet regarding the churches concerning agricultural and forest land. A new civil code, currently in process, which can influence some legal relations to the land, has not been put forward to the Parliament yet. Keywords: enactment, land, ownership, land adjustments, lease Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 250-256 Volume: 55 Issue: 5 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/33/2009-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/33/2009-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-200905-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:55:y:2009:i:5:id:33-2009-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Bielik Title: Half a century of Faculty of Economics and Management in Nitra Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 257-258 Volume: 55 Issue: 5 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/12/2009-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/12/2009-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:55:y:2009:i:5:id:12-2009-AGRICECON