Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: František STŘELEČEK Author-Workplace-Name: Department Accounting and Finances, Faculty of Economics, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Radek ZDENĚK Author-Workplace-Name: Department Accounting and Finances, Faculty of Economics, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana LOSOSOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department Accounting and Finances, Faculty of Economics, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Influence of production change on return to scale Abstract: The paper deals with an assessment of cost efficiency of farms in 2006-2009 based on a sample of farms classified according to the cost/revenue ratio. The analysis of the sample of 101 farms revealed that the return to scale effect is not significant compared to other effects so that the real increase of the production volume may not determine the dynamic of the profit. The massive shift of farms with increasing cost efficiency to the category of the decreased cost efficiency reflects a significant influence of external conditions to the profit/loss of farms. A positive development of prices in 2007 has influenced an increased cost efficiency of the majority of sample farms. In 2008, the increased prices of agricultural inputs intensively influenced the development of the revenue function. The increase of variable costs influenced by increased input prices has wasted reserves resulted from the production use of fixed costs and the return to scale and caused a significant decrease of profit. Keywords: return to scale, costs, profitability, loss, profit, production Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 159-168 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/93/2010-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/93/2010-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-201104-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:57:y:2011:i:4:id:93-2010-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexandr SOUKUP Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economic Theories, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Karel ŠRÉDL Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economic Theories, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Space Model in monopolistic competition - analysis of international trade Abstract: The article is interested in firm behaviour in the conditions of monopolistic competition and it shows the possibilities of the analysis of the firm behaviour in profit maximizing using the space model created by the contemporary microeconomic theory. This form of imperfect competition is often prevailing in the real environment. Keywords: monopolistic competition, firm, price, equilibrium, space differences Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 169-174 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/2/2010-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2/2010-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-201104-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:57:y:2011:i:4:id:2-2010-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vladimír JENÍČEK Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of International Relations, University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Developing countries - trends, differentiation Abstract: Socio-economic backwardness is usually defined by common characteristics or classification. The differences between the DMEs and DCs in the case of resources (prevalence of DCs) and in the case of outputs and performance (prevalence of DMEs) is evident. The difference in the economic level and the level of living between the DCs and DMEs had deepened during the last three decades, however, it has to be pointed out again, that this difference is increasing still more slowly what can be a presage of an approaching turn (in the sense of the possible beginning of a slow decrease of this gap). While the per capita GDP indicator is regarded as one of the most important indicators of the economic level, the HDI can be regarded as the most important indicator of the given country population level of living and as such, it is hitherto rather underestimated. Similarly, the CPM indicator (as the measure of poverty), which is a composed indicator, has a higher testifying ability than a simple income level per capita in USD defined as the poverty level. It is obvious, that economic development is impossible without social development, and vice versa. Generally, the gap between the more developed developing countries, measured through the world income distribution, is then still widening. As a positive phenomenon, there can be, however, regarded the fact that deepening of this gap occurs at a lower rate. Through a more detailed analysis by the individual indicators, the most valuable from which are the indicators composed from several partial indicators (for example HDI, CPM), a certain tendencies towards the gradual improvement of the socio-economic situation in developing countries as a whole - but with the relevant differences in the individual regions of the world - can be discerned. In general, close ties have been proven between the economic growth and the growth of the population level of living, their mutual influencing and the main elements from which they are composed. Keywords: developing countries classification, differentiation, trends of development Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 175-184 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/77/2010-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/77/2010-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-201104-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:57:y:2011:i:4:id:77-2010-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Veljko VUKOJE Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Ivan DOBRENOV Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Title: Financial position of food industry in vojvodina during transition period Abstract: The paper analyzes the main indicators of the economic position of companies in the field of food industry in Vojvodina. The examined nine-year period coincides with the final stage of the ownership transformation in the Republic of Serbia. Given the length of the examined period, a considerable devaluation of the national currency (60.6%) and a high inflation rate (125.7%), all values are shown in Euros. The increasing business activity in the period of interest is not accompanied by the appropriate financial effects. Food industry enterprises achieved a positive financial result for most of the years in the given period, but with modest profit rates (0.15-3.18%). Net working capital covers only 42.5% in average of the base stock, indicating an unfavourable financial structure and serious liquidity problems. An unacceptably high level of indebtness has been achieved (58.1%), which significantly reduces financial results due to the high financing expense. A further increase of export, combined with the recapitalization by the owners and a partial refinancing of credits, is the way to the companies' financial recovery. Keywords: food industry, transition, balance analysis, result, financial structure Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 185-198 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/99/2010-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/99/2010-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-201104-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:57:y:2011:i:4:id:99-2010-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jerzy Cieślik Author-Workplace-Name: University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: Elżbieta Badach Author-Workplace-Name: University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: Andrzej Krasnodębski Author-Workplace-Name: University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Title: Purposefulness of more intensive supporting milk production in conditions of dispersed agriculture of southern Poland Abstract: A disadvantageous tendency of resigning from milk production by small and medium sized farms has been observed in the recent years in the provinces of Southern Poland. It results from the low profitability of milk production on these farms and therefore the difficulties in reaching the income parity. It leads to a decline in the bovine population not compensated by an increase in the yield per animal and it poses a serious hazard to protecting the natural resources which is the function dairy farms perform in this region. The problem is serious since in the analyzed region, milk is acquired from 75% of farms keeping herds of up to 10 cows. Moreover, grasslands constitute a notably high share in the arable land structure, and for maintaining them cow keeping is a crucial condition. Hitherto functioning system of EU payments proved insufficient; therefore the Polish government intends to provide an additional financial support for dairy farms. The authors intended to reason that despite the hardly important participation of the analyzed regions in total milk production in Poland, an additional support for small and medium sized dairy farms from the state budget is socially necessary, in the first place because of the additional functions fulfilled by these farms. Keywords: milk production, income parity, natural resources, subsidies Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 199-202 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/33/2010-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/33/2010-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-201104-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:57:y:2011:i:4:id:33-2010-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jovan BABOVIĆ Author-Workplace-Name: Facultyof Economy and Engineering Management, University of Business Academy, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Marko CARIĆ Author-Workplace-Name: Facultyof Economy and Engineering Management, University of Business Academy, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Dragomir DJORDJEVIĆ Author-Workplace-Name: Facultyof Economy and Engineering Management, University of Business Academy, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Stevo LAZIĆ Author-Workplace-Name: The Republic Institution of Statistics, Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia Title: Factors influencing the economics of the pork meat production Abstract: The research of the influence of the relevant factors and their interrelations on the economics of the pork meat production on a farm has been carried out with the help of the method of production functions (factor - product and factor - factor). The influence of the weight of an animal on the daily growth tells us that the growth is increased with the increase of the entry weight to 19 kg and with the exit weight of the fattened animal of 100 kg . The growth is decreased over these weights. The relationship between the daily growth and the feed costs by a feeding day shows us the tendency of the increase of a daily growth with the increase of the feed costs. With the increase of labour inputs to 2.6 hours/100 kg of the live weight and the increased profit to 29 monetary units, first, the daily growth is decreased, and, then, it begins to grow. Labour productivity grows with the increase of the capacity usage to 87%, and, then, it decreases. The influence of the feedlot capacity usage on the productivity measured by the correlation coefficient is 0.756 at the risk level of 1%. With the increase of the feedlot capacity usage, the economics of production is increased and the cost price is decreased. The economics of the production of pork meat is increased with a decreasing rate with the increase of the daily growth. The manifold influence of the examined factors on the economics movement is low (R = -0.355). The partial influence of the costs to the economy is 90.3% that of the direct costs is 80.3%, from which the feed costs have an influence of 51.7%. The influence of the indirect costs on the economics is low, but with their increase, the economics is decreased. It has been noticed that the economics changes can be explained with 66.8% by the change of the relationship of the selling and purchasing price of pigs and the purchasing price of feed concentrate. By the relationship of the price of the fattened animals and the feed concentrate lower than 1 : 5, the economic result is below 1, and above the previously mentioned parity, the economics is increased as well as the economic effects of production. Keywords: pork meat, production function, factor-product, factor-factor, economics of production, labour productivity, economic effects Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 203-209 Volume: 57 Issue: 4 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/12/2010-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/12/2010-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-201104-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:57:y:2011:i:4:id:12-2010-AGRICECON