Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan HRON Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Tomas MACAK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Andrea JINDROVA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The theory of preferential choice and its utilization in managerial decision-making Abstract: At the theoretical level (respectively in the level of basic research), the aim of the submitted article is to form the theories of preferential choice in the area of higher utility vs. lower risk at interchangeable alternatives. Different or common features of utility vs. stochastic rating at agricultural subject are identified on the bases of this initial (axiomatically understood) theory. The consecutive (applicably usable) aim is then the commercialisation of the created theory of the preferential choice as a possible instrument which suits many times the controversial results and which brings the application of utilitarian and stochastic access to the decision at not only agricultural business subjects. The determination of the knowledge system for support of determination will be in that way the practical ascent for which the method of the manager decision making is for the certain situation (of information uncertainty) the most suitable (Laplace, Hurwitz, mini-Max). Keywords: theory of preferential choice, managerial decisions, the certainty of information, subsidies in agriculture Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 211-216 Volume: 57 Issue: 5 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/53/2011-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/53/2011-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-201105-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:57:y:2011:i:5:id:53-2011-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shady ALY Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Information Engineering, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ivan VRANA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Information Engineering, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Combining the crisp outputs of multiple fuzzy expert systems using the MPDI along with the AHP Abstract: Business, economic, and agricultural YES-or-NO decision making problems often require multiple, different and specific expertises. This is due to the nature of such problems in which decisions may be influenced by multiple different, relevant aspects, and accordingly multiple corresponding expertises are required. Fuzzy expert systems (FESs) are widely used to model expertises due to their capability to model the real world values, which are not always exact, but frequently vague, or uncertain. In this paper, different expertises relevant to the decision solution are modelled using several corresponding FESs. These systems are then integrated to comprehensibly judge the YES-or-NO binary decision making problem, which requires all such expertises. This integration involves several independent and autonomous FESs arranged synergistically to suit a varying problem context. Then, the main focus of this paper is to realize such integration through combining the crisp numerical outputs produced by multiple FESs. The newly developed methods MPDI and WMPDI are utilized to combine the crisp outputs of multiple parallel FESs, whilst weights are determined through the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The presented approach of utilizing the proved efficient MPDI combining criteria along with AHP will encourage practitioners to take advantage of integration and cooperation among multiple numerically outputting knowledge sources in general. Keywords: fuzzy expert system (FES), combining criteria, group decision making (GDM), binary decision making, output combination/aggregation, AHP, knowledge integration Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 217-225 Volume: 57 Issue: 5 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/127/2010-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/127/2010-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-201105-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:57:y:2011:i:5:id:127-2010-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaroslava BURIANOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effect of the 2008-2009 economic crisis on the results of agricultural foreign trade of the Czech Republic Abstract: After accession of the Czech Republic to the EU in 2004, the volume of agricultural foreign trade (AFT) in the CR increased significantly. In the past two years, the trend has changed under the influence of the global economic crisis affecting the European area. The first part of the paper is focused on the overall development in the period of 2004-2009. To assess the competitiveness of agrarian commodities in foreign markets in 2008-2009, an analysis was carried out with the use of the Balassa RCA Indicator (Revealed Comparative Advantage) and also Michaely Index, which indicates a certain degree of specialization in exports. A logarithmic method, which allows determining the influence of prices and quantities on the change in net exports during these years, has also been used. Keywords: agrarian foreign trade, competitiveness, competitive advantage, Balass RCA indicator, Michaely index Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 226-231 Volume: 57 Issue: 5 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/79/2010-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/79/2010-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-201105-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:57:y:2011:i:5:id:79-2010-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edita ŠILEROVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Information Technologies, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lucie SEVEROVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Information Technologies, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Stanislav BENDL Author-Workplace-Name: School & Social Pedagogy Department, Faculty of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Title: To the issue of economic efficiency of public projects in agriculture Abstract: It is the task of the economists to assess - under the conditions of the public budgets restrictions - whether the return rate of investments into public projects is sufficient enough in order to justify these projects in comparison to an alternative utilization of the expended resources. Complex e-learning systems, which include both the educational part and the subsequent verification of the students' knowledge, have lately been gaining on popularity in agriculture, in the public ICT projects from the field of education. The objective of the article is to explain the means of expressing economic efficiency of public projects on the example of establishing the Moodle e-learning system. Keywords: knowledge management, ICT, education, test, efficiency, Moodle Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 232-239 Volume: 57 Issue: 5 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/133/2010-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/133/2010-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-201105-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:57:y:2011:i:5:id:133-2010-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivana BROŽOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic Title: The economic performance analysis of organic farms in the Czech Republic Abstract: The research presented in the paper was aimed at analyzing the economic performance of organic farms in the Czech Republic and at evaluating their operation in variants (i.e. including or excluding subsidies). The research was targeted solely at legal entities due to a limited data base. The performance of organic farms (individual kinds of legal entities) was compared by regions with the agricultural enterprises farming conventionally. The organic farms economic profit was as well assessed in relation to their field of activity. Based on the analysis made, the economic situation is more favourable for the organically farming enterprises. Their economic results are actively influenced by subsidies without which an absolute majority of enterprises would be operating at a loss. (When including subsidies in the yields, 84.9% farms of the sample were profitable. On the other hand, while excluding subsidies, 95.7% of the enterprises were loss-making.) Economic success of the farms is influenced - together with subsidies - by the natural and climatic conditions as well as and by their field of activities. The enterprises farming permanent grassland (solely or in combination with a different culture) prevail. A lower intensity of this farming is reflected in the more favourable economic results. Keywords: organic farm, analysis, economic performance, costs, yields, subsidies, economic result Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 240-246 Volume: 57 Issue: 5 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/39/2011-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/39/2011-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-201105-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:57:y:2011:i:5:id:39-2011-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaroslav Homolka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economic and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Radek Mydlář Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economic and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Efficiency evaluation in intensive growing of winter rape Abstract: The aim of the paper was to evaluate the efficiency of winter rape growing which is based on the calculations and an analysis of production and economic indicators in the given branch. The development analysis of yields per hectare, costs, revenues and production profitability was carried out over the years 2003-2009 in the Agro Žlunice and it was compared with the results of the Czech Republic as a whole. In the enterprise, it deals with the traditional growing technology with a higher intensity of the intensification factors inputs in growing. Yields per hectare in the farm reached very favourable values which supported the stable position of the enterprise in the market with this agricultural commodity. It is possible to see a competitive advantage in the level of the per hectare yields. An average yield in the joint-stock company from 2003 to 2009 was 4.34 t/ha and an average yield in the CR over the last seven years was 2.9 t/ha. The enterprise's yield is by 1.44 t per ha higher compared to the average yields in the CR. In comparison of the average costs per hectare over the evaluated period in the enterprise and in the CR - in the enterprise, the costs were by 2.71% higher comapred to the CR (the enterprise 21 991 CZK/ha, the CR 21 394 CZK/ha). However, the enterprise Agro Žlunice, a.s. reached in comparison of the cost per 1 tonne of production by 31.31% lower costs than is the CR average. The amount of expenses incurred was compensated by high yields per hectare which the enterprise reached and thereby it improved the profitability of growing of this crop-plant. The highest share in the total costs belonged to direct material costs. The share of material costs in the enterprise over 7 years was 55.28%. Among the direct material costs, there are mainly seeds, fertilizers and chemical prophylactics. From the indicators of production profitability, there are expressed the profit achieved per 1 t of seedsfrom 1 ha of the area under crop and cost profitability. The profitability indicators considerably fluctuate during the evaluated years in the monitored enterprise and in the CR in dependence on the fluctuation of the seed price. Keywords: winter rape, yields per hectare, direct costs, overhead costs, revenues, profit, profitability Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 247-257 Volume: 57 Issue: 5 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/106/2010-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/106/2010-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-201105-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:57:y:2011:i:5:id:106-2010-AGRICECON