Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petr MARADA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Engineering, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lubomír KŘIKAVA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection and Game Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Libor KŘIKAVA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection and Game Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Karel KUTLVAŠR Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection and Game Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr SLÁMA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Agroenvironmental management system - a technique for increasing the natural value of agroecosystems Abstract: Agriculture in the Czech Republic plays an important role in the degradation of individual components of the environment. Reduction of soil fertility, contamination of surface- and groundwater, reduction of biodiversity and damage caused by it are proven. The agrarian landscape does not provide the appropriate ecosystem functions. It is not attractive for life of the inhabitants of rural areas, and the permeable landscape attractive for investors. It is also not permeable and attractive for investors. The farmers are offered applicable and functional techniques, technologies and procedures. These are not used and exploited in an appropriate rate. Based on the analysis of business environment, there was found that the reason is the absence of the agroenvironmental management system in operative management of agricultural subjects. For the need of the possible implementation of the appropriate system into practice, there was developed a branch standard and subsequently a methodology for the application of agro-environmental management system on the basis of a general tool for environmental management. The methodology was developed, then implemented and tested under the conditions of a concrete farm. Before the implementation of requirements, there were established environmental indicators which were evaluated before and after the introduction of the proposed system. The results of the subsequent monitoring of the chosen environmental indicators of environmental status confirmed the functionality and accuracy of the developed management tool that can also be seen as the best available technique for the implementation of the current and prepared agricultural policy. Keywords: agroenvironmental management, agroecosystem, biodiversity, wind and water erosion, best available technique Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 201-212 Volume: 58 Issue: 5 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/38/2012-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/38/2012-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-201205-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:58:y:2012:i:5:id:38-2012-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miroslav SVATOŠ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Science in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Luboš SMUTKA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Science in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Development of agricultural trade and competitiveness of the commodity structures of individual countries of the Visegrad Group Abstract: The paper analyzes the development of the value, commodity and territorial structure and competitiveness of agricultural trade of the countries of the Visegrad Group in 1993-2008. Over the years, there has been a sharp increase not only to the volume, but also to the value of the traded agricultural products. The territorial structure of both exports and imports has narrowed to a decisive extent, primarily to the trade with the countries of the EU27. The commodity structure of agricultural trade has adapted very strongly both to the world and especially to the European market and it has furthermore reacted to the changes in the structure of the individual national markets. In the course of the years, the commodity structure has profiled so that there has been a limitation of aggregation with a strong comparative advantage on the market of the EU countries in relation to the aggregations that did not held this advantage. The analysis that has been performed indicates that the process of the accession to the EU has been reflected positively in the results of agricultural trade especially in the case of Poland. In the case of the Czech Republic and Slovakia, the entry into the EU likewise has not led to a worsening of the results in the area of agricultural trade. Only in the case of Hungary, one does find serious structural problems after the entry into the EU in the case of agricultural trade. It can be assumed that these problems can be attributed for the most part to the Hungary's current economic problems. Keywords: competitiveness, Visegrad Group, agricultural trade, commodity structure, value Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 222-238 Volume: 58 Issue: 5 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/51/2011-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/51/2011-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-201205-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:58:y:2012:i:5:id:51-2011-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pilar Valencia-DeLara Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain Author-Name: Alberto Ramírez-Ceballos Author-Workplace-Name: Financial economic department, ID-International Decision Limited, London, England Title: A tool applicable to the payment of credits for projects of agricultural crops with different income levels Abstract: Traditionally, the banking sector has not accounted for the temporary loss in a customer's income, at any stage of the credit life, caused by the changes or the loss of employment, income drops in business, the establishment and development of new projects of agricultural crops with different income levels, or other contingencies that can arise in the today's economy. To address this problem, the present study constructs a phased model of one mother equation, from which a series of equations of financial mathematics are derived as a response to several needs of credit beneficiaries. The proposed model consists of one scenario, based on a mother equation. The scenario corresponds to credits with reduced or increasing payment instalments, postponable payment periods. Of the mother equation, 8 explicative variables were solved for a total of 9 phasing formulas for credits with three levels of payment. Our model, in contrast to the traditional one, incorporates postponable payment periods and jumps in payment instalments in any period of the lifetime of the credit due to a temporary loss in the customer's income and changes in the credit user's income. Keywords: welfare economy, agricultural crops with different income levels, jump discontinuity, banking Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 231-221 Volume: 58 Issue: 5 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/59/2011-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/59/2011-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-201205-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:58:y:2012:i:5:id:59-2011-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petr David Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Distribution of the increased tax burden for agricultural products and food in the Czech Republic Abstract: The article determines the transfer rate of tax burden to the buyers of agricultural products and food consumer in the most recent major change in the reduced rates of value added tax in the Czech Republic in late 2007 and 2008. At the same time, it identifies the size of the portion of the increased tax burden which agricultural producers and sellers of food carry, after the increase in the reduced rate of VAT in the Czech Republic. The possible future changes in this field are considered on the basis of determining the values of the distribution of the increased tax burden. It also includes the determination of the indicator of change in the selling prices of agricultural products and food in the increase of the reduced rate of VAT in the Czech Republic. In 2008, the buyers of agricultural products carried a considerable part of the increased tax burden and food buyers were burdened by significantly more than just b an increased tax burden of the reduced rate of the value added tax. The growth in prices of agricultural products in the given period corresponded to the growth of the tax burden. Food prices doubled compared to the increase in the tax burden. These results should be considered when planning future changes in the field of the rates of VAT in the Czech Republic. Keywords: tax burden, value added tax, agricultural products, food Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 239-248 Volume: 58 Issue: 5 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/58/2011-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/58/2011-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-201205-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:58:y:2012:i:5:id:58-2011-AGRICECON