Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Josef MEZERA Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Roman NĚMEC Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jindřich ŠPIČKA Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Support of strengthening cooperation and efficiency factors accelerating innovation processes in the food industry Abstract: The paper deals with the evaluation sub-measures of the "Cooperation for development of new products, processes and technologies, respectively the innovation in the food industry". It is a sub-measure under the Rural Development Plan (I. 1.3.2). The rating refers to the current programming period, but it was made in the context of a preparation of the new programming for 2014-2020. Strengthening of the cooperation and efficiency factors accelerating the innovation processes in food can act as a tool to gain competitive advantage for the future. It was based on the on- line survey on innovation in food companies, which are mainly in addition of supporting the product and process innovation demonstrating the effectiveness of the promotion of energy-reducing effects, increasing productivity and improving systems of logistics and distribution. This survey is indicative only. Therefore, the survey was completed as an analysis of the approved and paid projects on the measure and interview. The support enables the participating businesses to reduce debts; it shows, however, a need of the simplification and shortening of the administration of request, especially by small enterprises. Keywords: economic indicators, efficiency, research and development, rural development, structural support Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 295-300 Volume: 60 Issue: 7 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/173/2013-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/173/2013-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-201407-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:60:y:2014:i:7:id:173-2013-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pu-Yan NIE Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Industrial Economics and Institute of Resources, Environment & Sustainable Development, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: You-Hua CHEN Author-Workplace-Name: College of Economics and Management and Guangdong Center for Rural Economic Studies, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China Title: A general equilibrium analysis of food industry considering the food quality Abstract: By establishing a dynamic equilibrium model, the paper analyses the equilibrium of the food industry and the equilibrium about the food quality as well as quantity is achieved. Firstly, the study examines the effects of competitions on the price, outputs, profits and social welfare. The authors argue that competition reduces the food quality. Secondly, this paper shows that consumers benefit from the quality regulation while producers undertake a loss. Moreover, social welfare first increases then decreases with the regulation. Thirdly, the optimal quality regulation is presented and a higher quality regulation reduces competition, while the lower quality regulation promotes it. Finally, the effects of fixed costs on the equilibrium number of firms in the corresponding industry are captured. Keywords: equilibrium number, fixed costs, game theory, quality regulation Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 301-308 Volume: 60 Issue: 7 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/115/2013-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/115/2013-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-201407-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:60:y:2014:i:7:id:115-2013-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Josef TAUŠER Author-Workplace-Name: Department of International Trade, Faculty of International Relations, University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Radek ČAJKA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of International Trade, Faculty of International Relations, University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Weather derivatives and hedging the weather risks Abstract: The article focuses on weather derivatives with the aim to present the substance of weather derivatives as relatively new financial products and to discuss their advantages and disadvantages when being used as a tool to diminish the loses coming from these suboptimal weather conditions. We conclude with the findings that weather derivatives have a great potential to develop further. They provide an opportunity to hedge against the suboptimal weather conditions at reasonable costs. However, the hedging effectiveness is the main issue to be analyzed in each specific business case. Keywords: weather-related risks, hedging, weather derivatives Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 309-313 Volume: 60 Issue: 7 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/11/2014-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/11/2014-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-201407-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:60:y:2014:i:7:id:11-2014-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alžbeta FOLTÍNOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics in Bratislava, Faculty of Business Management, Department of Enterprise Economy, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Jindřich ŠPIČKA Author-Workplace-Name: University of Economics, Prague, Faculty of Business Administration, Department of Business Economics, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The use of controlling in agricultural enterprises and their competitiveness Abstract: The article aims at the evaluation and comparison of the structure of costs linked to the milk production in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. The paper focuses on the potential of the cost controlling in agricultural production. The analysis is based on data from the comparable sample surveys of costs and yields of agricultural commodities carried out by the Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information, Prague, and the Research Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, Bratislava, in the period 2007-2012. The authors apply the contribution margin calculation and the gross margin calculation. Using target costing, the upper limits of variable and fixed costs are set to reach the break-even point. One of the main finding is that the average costs per litre of milk are by 15.3% higher in Slovakia than in the Czech Republic. It is caused by a significantly lower milk yield in Slovakia. Cost controlling based on the knowledge about the structure of the average costs of milk production can help farmers to better manage their business. Keywords: controlling, costs, cost controlling, fixed costs, milk, price, specific costs, variable costs Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 314-322 Volume: 60 Issue: 7 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/19/2014-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/19/2014-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-201407-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:60:y:2014:i:7:id:19-2014-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zsuzsanna SZÉLES Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Business Sciences, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: Zoltán ZÉMAN Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Business Sciences, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: Sándor J. ZSARNÓCZAI Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Regional Economics and Rural Development, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Title: The developing trends of Hungarian agricultural loans in the term of 1995 and 2012 Abstract: The articleanalyses the agricultural HUF and FX loans and trends between 1995 and 2012. The authors use the linear and exponential analysis in trends of loans for agriculture in Hungary. During the period of 1995-2012, the bank loan for agriculture in percentage of the total bank loan in Hungary was at the highest level, namely 9.76%, when the total loan amount was 192.1 billion HUF in 1998, and this was at the lowest level, namely 3.69%, when the total loan amount was 265.6 billion HUF in 2010. The authors draw a growing linear trend of loans until 2005, namely the loan amount was 358.8 HUF billion, after that little decreasing occurred until 2008, and the loan amount has considerably decreased since 2008, when the economic and financial crisis started; while a decreasing trend of the loan ratio was going on. The average yearly credit increase is 24.486 billion HUF. The Hungarian agricultural sector is in a better position than other sectors of the economy. Keywords: credit, financing, guarantee, regression calculation Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 323-331 Volume: 60 Issue: 7 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/187/2013-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/187/2013-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-201407-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:60:y:2014:i:7:id:187-2013-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giray GOZGOR Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics and Finance, Dogus University, Istanbul, Turkey Author-Name: Baris KABLAMACI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey Title: The linkage between oil and agricultural commodity prices in the light of the perceived global risk Abstract: The paper examines a systematic interrelationship between the world oil and agricultural commodity prices, taking the role of the USD and the perceived global market risks into consideration for the period from January 1990 to June 2013. The authors initially determine the significant cross-sectional dependence in a large balanced panel framework for 27 commodity prices, and then apply the second generation panel unit root (PUR) tests. Findings from the PUR tests clearly suggest that there is a strong unit root in agricultural commodity prices. In addition, the empirical findings from the fixed effects panel data, panel co-integration analysis, the Panel-Wald Causality tests, and the common correlated effects mean group estimations strongly show that the world oil price and the weak USD have positive impacts on almost all agricultural commodity prices. There are also retained the adjuvant effects of the escalatory perceived global market risk upon most agricultural commodity prices. Keywords: oil prices, panel data estimations, the VIX Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 332-342 Volume: 60 Issue: 7 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/183/2013-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/183/2013-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-201407-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:60:y:2014:i:7:id:183-2013-AGRICECON