Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zuzana Hlouskova Author-Name: Marie Prasilova Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic Title: Economic outcomes in relation to farmers' age in the Czech Republic Abstract: The current paper aims to assess farming enterprise outcomes in the Czech Republic from a socio-economic perspective. The relationship between the age of a farms' managers and its economic results has been analysed for 1 351 farms using the FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) database in order to determine whether farms' economic results differ on the basis of the age of their managers. Our analysis confirms that there is indeed a correlation between manager age and a farming enterprise's economic results. The results have been analysed in detail according to the age groups of managers and farm owners, farm specialization, and farm size. The farm net value added per annual work unit reached the best values in businesses managed by young farmers in crop production (EUR 34 445) and young farmers in large enterprises (EUR 43 400). The oldest farmers, specializing in milk production, had the highest level of indebtedness (0.39). The data reveal that the age of farmers is inversely proportional to the level of indebtedness, with level of debt decreasing with increasing farmer age. A Mann-Whitney U test (with Bonferroni correction) confirms a statistically significant difference between young farmers and the remaining three age groups in the ratio of production to cost. Keywords: Farm Accountancy Data Network, Mann-Whitney U test, socio-economic indicators, sustainable agriculture, young farmers Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 149-159 Volume: 66 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/117/2019-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/117/2019-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-202004-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:66:y:2020:i:4:id:117-2019-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Veronika Fenyves Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Author-Name: Károly Pető Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Rural Development, Tourism and Sports Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Author-Name: János Szenderák Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Sectoral Economics and Methodology, Károly Ihrig Doctoral School of Management and Business, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Author-Name: Mónika Harangi-Rákos Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Sectoral Economics and Methodology, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Title: The capital structure of agricultural enterprises in the Visegrad countries Abstract: The Visegrad countries - or the V-4 countries: the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia - is strong regional cooperation of four EU member states in Eastern-Central-Europe aimed at strengthening the positions of the members on both a European and a global level. The aim of this research is to analyse the capital structure of the agricultural and food companies in the V4 Member States. The results show that more profitable companies were less dependent on debt finance, while the fast-growing companies had limited access to the financial market. Company size had a significant effect only in the Czech Republic. Overall, the capital structure seemed to be strongly affected by the farm structure and the relative company size. Keywords: agriculture, food industry, leverage, pecking order theory Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 160-167 Volume: 66 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/285/2019-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/285/2019-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-202004-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:66:y:2020:i:4:id:285-2019-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrzej Parzonko Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics and Organization of Enterprises,Faculty of Economic Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: Piotr Bórawski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrotechnology, Agricultural Production Management and Agribusiness, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Title: Competitiveness of Polish dairy farms in the European Union Abstract: This article analyses the competitiveness of dairy farms in Poland in relation to selected EU countries. The competitive advantage of dairy farms was evaluated and compared based on remuneration for family labour. Two variants of the above indicator were calculated: (1) Remuneration for family labour (FL1) as the relationship between farm net income and the farmer's unpaid labour input, and (2) Remuneration for family labour (FL2) as the relationship between farm net income minus the opportunity costs of own land and capital to the farmer's unpaid labour input. The calculations were performed based on EU FADN (European Union Farm Accountancy Data Network) data for an average dairy farm in 2005, 2010 and 2016. The study revealed the highest average remuneration for family labour (FL1) in Irish and German dairy farms. The value of the second indicator (FL2) was also highest in Germany, followed by France. The analysis produced interesting results regarding dairy farms in Denmark and the Netherlands which were characterised by the highest scale of production in the evaluated period (high net value added), but very low farm incomes and remuneration for family labour. The study revealed that Polish dairy farms were characterised by average competitiveness relative. Keywords: economic efficiency, labour profitability, milk production Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 168-174 Volume: 66 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/254/2019-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/254/2019-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-202004-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:66:y:2020:i:4:id:254-2019-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anna Sieczko Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Tourism, Social Communication and Counselling, Institute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Poland Author-Name: Anna J. Parzonko Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Tourism, Social Communication and Counselling, Institute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Poland Author-Name: Wioletta Bieńkowska-Gołasa Title: Principles of the experience economy in designing an agritourism product Abstract: Taking action aimed at creating an attractive agritourism product contributes to the development of rural tourism. The main purpose of this study is to present reflections regarding the assumptions of the experience economy and their possible application in developing an agritourism product. The conducted empirical research involved a diagnostic survey method based on a standardized questionnaire. The study results show that the owners of Polish agritourism farms, when focusing on the material components of their offer, should also recognize the need to design memorable experiences for their clients. Keywords: agritourism, agritourism farms, dimensions of tourist, tourist Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 175-182 Volume: 66 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/209/2019-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/209/2019-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-202004-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:66:y:2020:i:4:id:209-2019-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abrham Tezera Gessesse Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Economics and Management, College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, China Author-Name: Ge He Title: Analysis of carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, and economic growth in China Abstract: This study examines the nexus of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, energy consumption (EC) and gross domestic products (GDP), using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test approach of co-integration and error-correction model (ECM) for the period 1971-2015. The aim of the research is to i) examine the relationship between CO2 and GDP as "cross-coupling, relative decoupling, or absolute decoupling," and validate the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis; ii) detect causality between CO2 emissions, EC, and GDP, and scrutinize their impacts. The ARDL results confirm a long-run and short-run co-integration relationship between the variables. The relationship between CO2 emissions and GDP is "relatively decoupling," and the EKC exists in China. Its CO2 emissions are more explained by EC and contribute twofold of GDP. In the long run, there was significant negative causality from CO2 emission and GDP to EC. This indicates Chinese economic development structure should be re-designed towards energy-saving and decarbonized economic structure. Moreover, the central and provincial governments of China should synchronize optimal energy utilization and green economic structure to mitigate environmental deterioration and climate change. Keywords: autoregressive distributed lag, causality, co-integration, Environmental Kuznets Curve, error-correction model Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 183-192 Volume: 66 Issue: 4 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/258/2019-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/258/2019-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-202004-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:66:y:2020:i:4:id:258-2019-AGRICECON