Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hakimah Nur Ahmad Hamidi Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia Author-Name: Norlin Khalid Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Management, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Author-Name: Zulkefly Abdul Karim Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Management, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Title: Palm oil trade restrictiveness index and its impact on world palm oil exports Abstract: Despite numerous attempts to remove tariff and non-tariff barriers, the average number of barriers in the agricultural sector, particularly in the palm oil sector, is rising. Non-tariff effects are subjective, which makes them challenging to quantify. A new palm oil trade restrictiveness index that considers each trade barrier imposed on palm oil exports, such as tariff and non-tariff measures, is necessary to facilitate the sector's exports. Hence, this study aims to calculate the trade restrictiveness index (TRI) of palm oil and analyse its impact on Malaysia's and Indonesia's palm oil exports. This study uses a gravity model with Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) estimation to analyse the impact of trade barriers on world palm oil export for a sample of 59 major palm oil importing countries from 2009 to 2019. The study revealed that each importing country imposes different restrictions on Malaysia and Indonesia. The TRI showed a negative and significant relationship influencing palm oil exports in the case of Malaysia, while a positive and significant relationship for Indonesia. The policy implications of this study suggest that policymakers in both Malaysia and Indonesia should take proactive steps to comply with every criterion demanded by the importing country. Keywords: non-tariff measures, tariff, trade, trade barrier, vegetable oil Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 101-111 Volume: 70 Issue: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/332/2023-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/332/2023-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-202403-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:70:y:2024:i:3:id:332-2023-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zhe Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: School of Economics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, P. R. China Author-Name: Fan Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China Author-Name: Yiqiong Du Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, P. R. China Author-Name: Xin Xuan Author-Workplace-Name: School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, P. R. China Author-Name: Ying Cai Author-Workplace-Name: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China Author-Name: Gui Jin Author-Workplace-Name: School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, P. R. China Title: Farm size and greenhouse gas emission: Do large farms in China produce more emissions? Abstract: Farms are key to agricultural advancement and carbon emission reduction. Understanding the influence of farm size on emissions is vital for eco-friendly farming. Our study used an econometric model with instrumental variable adjustments to examine the effect of farm size on greenhouse gas emissions, revealing an inverted U-shaped relationship. The findings revealed that emissions increased with farm size until a peak and then decreased. We identified an optimal farm size range (0.45 km2 to 0.58 km2) for lower emissions, where the farm size maintaining the lowest greenhouse gas emissions per unit area was 0.58 km2, while the lowest greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per capita occured at a farm size of 0.69 km2. Reducing emissions intensity per unit area is easier than reducing GHG emissions per person. Policymakers should prioritise promoting the expansion to moderately sized farms as a means of achieving emission reduction targets rather than solely increasing the number of farms. Overall, these insights offer policymakers novel approaches for ecological farm planning and the transition toward a low-carbon agriculture sector. Keywords: econometric model, agricultural area, greenhouse emission, optimum scale Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 112-124 Volume: 70 Issue: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/307/2023-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/307/2023-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-202403-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:70:y:2024:i:3:id:307-2023-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jie Ye Author-Workplace-Name: College of Business, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, P. R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Private Economic Development Research Institute of Characteristic New Think Tank for Universities in Fujian Province, Quanzhou, P. R. China Author-Name: Renshan Xie Author-Workplace-Name: Quanzhou Rural Revitalization Group, Quanzhou, China Author-Name: Xingwei Deng Author-Workplace-Name: Anxi College of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Quanzhou, P. R. China Author-Name: Minling Lin Author-Workplace-Name: Anxi College of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Quanzhou, P. R. China Author-Name: Yang Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Anxi College of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Quanzhou, P. R. China Author-Name: Ketao Lin Author-Workplace-Name: College of Resource and Environment Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, P. R. China Author-Name: Jianzhou Yang Author-Workplace-Name: School of Economics and Management, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P. R. China Title: Assessment of agricultural carbon emissions reduction potential and optimisation pathways based on a framework of equity and efficiency principles: Evidence from Fujian Province in China Abstract: Fujian Province, China was chosen as the study area for estimating the marginal agricultural abatement costs within the province based on data for 2010-2020. The study employed these estimations as a pivotal factor affecting the efficiency of carbon emissions reduction, constructed an index model to gauge the potential of agricultural carbon emissions reduction, and delved into the urban agricultural carbon emissions reduction potential from the perspectives of economic development rights (equity) and carbon emissions reduction difficulty (efficiency). Our findings indicated a marked regional disparity in the marginal abatement costs of agriculture across Fujian Province, with the highest recorded at EUR 1.3771 × 108 per 104 tonnes and the lowest at EUR 0.6526 × 108 per 104 tonnes, albeit demonstrating general upward inter-annual trends. Furthermore, the assessment of agricultural carbon emissions reduction potential, grounded in the principles of equity and efficiency, revealed four distinct developmental tiers. Resource allocation pathways for carbon emissions reduction were subsequently delineated, informed by the stratification of high- and low-carbon emissions reduction potential indices alongside typological characteristics. The outcomes of this study offer strategic guidance to the government of Fujian Province in crafting suitable carbon emissions reduction strategies and in devising targeted action plans aimed at achieving the twin goals of 'carbon peaking' and 'carbon neutrality'. Keywords: agricultural marginal abatement costs, reduction potential index modelling, equity and efficiency indices Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 125-136 Volume: 70 Issue: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/329/2023-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/329/2023-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-202403-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:70:y:2024:i:3:id:329-2023-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yudha Kristanto Author-Workplace-Name: Natural Resources and Environmental Management Science, Graduate School, Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB University), Bogor, Indonesia Author-Name: Suria Tarigan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB University), Bogor, Indonesia Author-Name: Tania June Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB University), Bogor, Indonesia Author-Name: Bambang Sulistyantara Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB University), Bogor, Indonesia Author-Name: Pini Wijayanti Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB University), Bogor, Indonesia Title: Indirect use value of improved soil health as natural capital that supports essential ecosystem services: A case study of cacao agroforestry Abstract: Multifunctional landscapes, such as agroforestry, that improve soil health are essential in sustaining terrestrial life by supporting various ecosystem services (ESs). However, decision-making often requires more attention to soil health because its parameters have no market value. In this study, we aim to evaluate soil health parameters in cacao agroforestry and monoculture and their degradation due to erosion and to estimate their indirect use value (IUV). We develop a soil health economic valuation approach bridged by ESs because the economic valuation of ESs tends to be better studied. We estimated the IUVs of the eight soil health parameters by using the direct proxy revealed prevalence valuation method on the basis of the valuation of the four ESs they support: water regulation, climate regulation, nutrient retention and biodiversity. The total IUVs for cacao agroforestry were USD 633 with Endoaquepts and USD 723 with Dystrudepts and for cacao monoculture were USD 415 with Endoaquepts and USD 575 with Dystrudepts. Soil carbon has the highest contribution to IUV, followed by soil nitrogen. Agroforestry not only increases IUV but also minimises its decrease due to erosion. Despite economic valuations being subject to uncertainty, these results encourage the internalisation of soil health values in sustainable land management design. Keywords: biodiversity services, multifunctional landscape, regulation services, revealed preference, soil indirect use value Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 137-154 Volume: 70 Issue: 3 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/281/2023-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/281/2023-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-202403-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:70:y:2024:i:3:id:281-2023-AGRICECON