Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yumiao Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: School of Economics and Management, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China Author-Name: Qi Yin Author-Workplace-Name: School of Economics and Management, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China Author-Name: Yufan Wu Author-Workplace-Name: School of Economics and Management, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China Author-Name: Kun Ma Author-Workplace-Name: School of Economics and Management, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China Title: Impact of formal and informal environmental regulations on agricultural carbon emissions: Empirical evidence from China Abstract: Agricultural carbon emissions (ACE) is a critical contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, which have already become a common challenge for global carbon reduction. As a major agricultural producer and largest carbon emitter, China has made great efforts to reduce ACE. Using the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2022, this study explores the heterogeneous impacts of formal environmental regulations (FER) and informal environmental regulations (IER) on ACE. The results reveal that both FER and IER have significant effect on reducing ACE, with FER showing a more pronounced effect. The mechanism analysis indicates that agricultural technological innovation and planting structure adjustment play important mediating roles in this impact mechanism. The effect of FER is more remarkable in major grain producing areas than in non-major grain producing areas, while the effect of IER is completely opposite. Compared with coastal regions, both FER and IER have significant inhibitory effect on ACE in inland regions. Additionally, the marketisation level may reinforce the inhibitory effect of both FER and IER on ACE. Based on the empirical results, this study suggests to strengthen the synergistic effect of FER and IER, promote agricultural technology innovation, and formulate targeted policies according to regional differences. Keywords: carbon emissions reduction, environmental policy, mediating effect model, threshold model Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 19-36 Volume: 72 Issue: 1 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/467/2024-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/467/2024-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-202601-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:72:y:2026:i:1:id:467-2024-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Faruque As Sunny Author-Workplace-Name: School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Juping Lan Author-Workplace-Name: School of Two Mountains, Lishui University, Lishui, P.R. China Author-Name: Mohammad Ariful Islam Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Economics Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, P.R. Bangladesh Title: Can sustainable practices optimise fertiliser use and economic efficiency? A micro-panel analysis Abstract: The intensification of agricultural practices in Bangladesh has caused significant environmental challenges. This has also undermined farmers' economic sustainability, mainly due to the excessive use of subsidised chemical fertilisers. To address these issues and align with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Bangladesh has prioritised the adoption of sustainable farming practices, including the recommended fertiliser application (RFA). However, whether the adoption of RFA ensures economic sustainability remains uncertain. This study evaluates how the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute's (BRRI) proposed RFA affects fertiliser use and cost-efficiency. Drawing on five years (2017-2021) of panel data from 2 025 households across three acidic soil regions in Dinajpur, the findings reveal that RFA adoption reduces fertiliser use by 12% while improving cost efficiency by 4.9-5.1%. These results highlight the potential of RFA to mitigate environmental degradation while enhancing economic outcomes, thereby supporting the SDG agenda. In light of these benefits, the study offers key insights for policymakers and development practitioners, emphasising the need for targeted interventions to accelerate RFA adoption and promote sustainable agriculture. Keywords: Bangladesh, control function, correlated random effects, efficiency, stochastic frontier cost function, sustainable agriculture Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 1-18 Volume: 72 Issue: 1 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/473/2024-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/473/2024-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-202601-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:72:y:2026:i:1:id:473-2024-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dirk Beyer Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Business Studies, Harz University of Applied Sciences, Wernigerode, Germany Author-Name: Jana Hinke Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Trade and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Long-term trends in economic and environmental efficiency of EU agriculture: A DEA-Malmquist approach Abstract: Enhancing economic and environmental efficiency is a fundamental objective shared by all European economic sectors, with agriculture being a particular area of focus. In this study, economic and environmental efficiency are considered in parallel and compared in terms of their long-term development. From an economic perspective, the classical production factors of labour, capital and land are compared with economic production output. The environmental perspective of the study focuses on greenhouse gases and acidifying gases, with the investigation based on data from Eurostat from 2009 to 2020. Due to constraints regarding the  availability of data , the study encompassed 22 EU countries.  The findings indicate that Greece, Spain, the Netherlands and Poland demonstrate high levels of economic efficiency, while Ireland and Finland exhibit notable enhancements in this regard. Low economic efficiency scores are evident in Latvia and Austria, where substantial catching-up processes are observable. With respect to ecological efficiency, Greece, Spain and Italy have been found to be dominant, as have Finland, Sweden and Slovakia. Ireland, Luxembourg and Poland have lower ecological efficiency scores, but only Ireland shows signs of convergence. The present study seeks to minimise the impact of volatility and dispersion with a view to providing valid long-term trends for the purpose of benchmarking efforts and r policy decisions. Keywords: air emissions, capital, labour, land, Malmquist index, sustainability Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 56-67 Volume: 72 Issue: 1 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/6/2025-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6/2025-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-202601-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:72:y:2026:i:1:id:6-2025-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hang Thi Thuy Nguyen Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Development Studies, University of Economics, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam Author-Name: Thi Quynh Anh Le Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Development Studies, University of Economics, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam Author-Name: Pham Xuan Hung Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Development Studies, University of Economics, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam Author-Name: Nguyen Thai Phan Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics and Development Studies, University of Economics, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam Title: Non-farm employment and agricultural mechanisation adoption: A reciprocal relationship Abstract: This study investigates the reciprocal relationship between non-farm employment and mechanisation adoption of smallholders in Vietnam using the longitudinal Vietnam Access to Resources Household Survey (VARHS) 2008-2016 dataset. By employing the correlated random effects with the Mundlak approach to address the selection bias from the unobserved heterogeneity of panel data and the instrumental variables regressions to treat the endogeneity issue of non-farm participation and mechanisation adoption, the findings revealed that non-farm employment and mechanisation adoption have a positive interactive relationship. The mechanisation adoption in agricultural production could save farm labour and allow farmers to engage in non-farm activities. Conversely, non-farm earnings could relax financial constraints and provide opportunities for farmers to invest in mechanisation. The agricultural labour shifting to non-farm work was replaced by hiring machinery services rather than machinery investment when the service market was available and cost-effective. Our study implies practical policies and actionable plans to encourage nonfarm employment and facilitate agricultural mechanisation toward sustainable agriculture and inclusive development in rural communities. Keywords: instrumental variable approach, mechanisation adoption, Mundlak approach, non-farm working day, interactive relationship Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: 37-55 Volume: 72 Issue: 1 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/68/2025-AGRICECON File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/68/2025-AGRICECON.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/age-202601-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:72:y:2026:i:1:id:68-2025-AGRICECON Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Editorial Department Title: List of reviewers 2025 Journal: Agricultural Economics Pages: I-II Volume: 72 Issue: 1 Year: 2026 File-URL: http://agricecon.agriculturejournals.cz/artkey/age-202601-0005_list-of-reviewers-2025.php File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlage:v:72:y:2026:i:1:id:age-202601-0005