Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Dotlačil Title: Fifty years of research on genetics and plant breeding in the Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 1-2 Volume: 38 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/6105-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6105-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:38:y:2002:i:1:id:6105-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Dotlačil Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague- Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Stehno Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague- Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Fáberová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague- Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Michalová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague- Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Research, conservation and utilisation of plant genetic resources and agro-biodiversity enhancement - Contribution of the Research Institute of Crop Production Prague-Ruzyně Abstract: Activities on plant genetic resources in the Czech Republic are concentrated in the National Programme on Conservation and Utilisation of Plant Genetic Resources. Eleven institutions maintain 51,000 accessions, of which 17.3% belong to vegetatively propagated species. Research Institute of Crop Production (RICP) Prague has the responsibility for the coordination of the Programme; it holds more than half of all accessions in collections of genetic resources, runs the national information system and provides long-term storage for all seed-propagated species. All Czech collections are fully documented in passport data. Evaluation data (based on National descriptor lists for 29 crops) are available for 33% of the accessions. Much work is currently spent to the description and evaluation of collections, to facilitate their utilisation in breeding and agricultural practice. Also collecting missions on the Czech territory, conservation and monitoring of valuable resources maintained in situ contributeto the maintenance and evaluation of local resources. Landraces are considered a valuable part of the collections. Suitable ways of "on farm" conservation are investigated for selected accessions, to support their utilisation in agricultural practice and to enrich the existing diversity of crops and cultivars. Cultivars and landraces of neglected crops (buckwheat, millet, hulled wheat species) were successfully used to enrich the agro-biodiversity and for specific purposes of human nutrition. Close collaboration with producers (often organic farms) and processing industry has been established. Selected alternative crops and catch crops were studied as potential new crops. Keywords: genetic resources, landraces, neglected crops, agro-biodiversity Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 3-15 Volume: 38 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/6106-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6106-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200201-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:38:y:2002:i:1:id:6106-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Bartoš Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Šíp Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Chrpová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Vacke Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Stuchlíková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Blažková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Šárová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Hanzalová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Achievements and prospects of wheat breeding for disease resistance Abstract: Achievements and prospects of wheat breeding for disease resistance in the world and in the Czech Republic are reviewed. Attention is paid to rusts, powdery mildew, leaf blotch, glume blotch, tan spot, fusarium head blight, common and dwarf bunt, eyespot, barley yellow dwarf virus on wheat and wheat dwarf virus. Genes for resistance to rusts and powdery mildew in the cultivars registered in the Czech Republic are listed. Promising resistance genes and sources of resistance to the above mentioned diseases are reviewed. Prospects of resistance breeding including application of methods of molecular genetics and development of synthetic hexaploids are outlined. Keywords: wheat, resistance breeding, fungal diseases, virus diseases, Czech Republic Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 16-28 Volume: 38 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/6107-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6107-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200201-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:38:y:2002:i:1:id:6107-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Ovesná Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Poláková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Leišová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: DNA analyses and their applications in plant breeding Abstract: In recent years, molecular markers have been developed based on the more detailed knowledge of genome structure. Considerable emphasis has been laid on the use of molecular markers in practical breeding and genotype identification. This review attempts to give an account of different molecular markers currently available for genome mapping and for tagging different traits - restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and microsatellites. Other markers, expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are also mentioned. The importance of structural, functional genomic and comparative mapping is also discussed. Keywords: DNA, marker, breeding, genetic resources, genomics, RFLP, AFLP, RAPD, SSR Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 29-40 Volume: 38 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/6108-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6108-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200201-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:38:y:2002:i:1:id:6108-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Košner Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Pánková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Effect of chromosome 3B gene/s of Česká Přesívka on vernalisation response, photoperiod sensitivity and earliness of wheat Abstract: Substitution lines with the chromosome 3B of the Czech alternative cultivar Česká Přesívka (CP) in the genetic background of the wheat cultivars Zdar, Vala, Košutka, Jara and Sandra, differing in their requirements of vernalisation and photoperiod, were compared with the original cultivars under short and long photoperiod, to evaluate the effects of genes, located on the chromosome 3B of CP, on earliness and the response to photoperiod and vernalisation. The results suggest that these genes have only a small effect upon the vernalisation requirement, but are more related to the response to photoperiod. However, the genes on the substituted chromosome appear to influence the earliness per se and very likely interact also with the photoperiodic response. Keywords: Triticum aestivum, wheat, Vrn, vernalisation response, Ppd, photoperiod response, earliness per se Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 41-49 Volume: 38 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/6109-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6109-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200201-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:38:y:2002:i:1:id:6109-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Kučera Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Vyvadilová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Klíma Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Utilisation of doubled haploids in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) breeding Abstract: A survey of development and prospects of the utilisation of doubled haploid techniques in rapeseed breeding in the world and in the Czech Republic is presented. The first utilisation of spontaneously occurred haploids from Brassica napus inbreeding programmes is described. The development of techniques of anther and later microspore culture is outlined. Special emphasis is given to the practical use of doubled haploids for the improvement of the effectiveness of breeding new productive cultivars. Some partial results of evaluation of yield parameters and resistance to important diseases in the obtained doubled haploid lines of winter oilseed rape are shown. The literary review and present results indicate, that the doubled haploid technique can be effectively used for the development of homozygous oilseed rape lines as an alternative to conventional methods. Keywords: winter oilseed rape, doubled haploid, homozygous line, breeding Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 50-54 Volume: 38 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/6110-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6110-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200201-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:38:y:2002:i:1:id:6110-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Ovesná Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Dedičová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Horáček Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Sadilová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Kučera Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Měsková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production - Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Comparison of different PCR-based protocols for detection of Roundup Ready soybean Abstract: Genetically modified organisms have become a part of our environment and food chain. Roundup Ready soybean is at the moment the most frequent one that man can meet. National regulations require careful monitoring and detection of GMOs. We present in this investigation comparison of several protocols and individual steps, which are included in the whole detection procedure. Currently used CTAB based protocol is suitable for DNA isolation from the green plant tissue but also from the flour. Lectin coding sequence specific primers were suitable for soybean DNA detection unlike leu-tRNA gene specific primers. Only one of the tested CaMV sequence specific primer pairs did not amplify unspecific products under condition tested. NOS terminator specific primer pair was found suitable for routine screening. EPSPS gene was detected using two different protocols; the same primers did not identify other Roundup Ready GM crops. Keywords: GMO, Roundup Ready soybean, PCR, detection Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 55-63 Volume: 38 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/6111-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6111-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200201-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:38:y:2002:i:1:id:6111-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Kučera Title: D.C. Rao & M.A. Province - Advances in Genetics,Vol. 42, Genetic Dissection of Complex Traits Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 64 Volume: 38 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/6112-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6112-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:38:y:2002:i:1:id:6112-CJGPB