Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Schwarzbach Author-Workplace-Name: Miroslav, Czech Republic Author-Name: S.Y. Atsmon Author-Workplace-Name: Miroslav, Czech Republic Title: Breeding Progress and Performance of Wheat Cultivars in Different Environments in Israel from 1970 to 2002 Abstract: The behaviour of wheat cultivars in environments with different yield level and the progress of wheat breeding in Israel were investigated by a statistical exploration of 353 Regional Wheat Trials, performed from 1970 to 2002. In the trials 125 experimental and commercial cultivars of Triticum aestivum, 11 of T. durum and one Triticale line (summarised as cultivars) were tested. The yield levels of trials ranged from 0.5 to 8.8 t/ha. The assumption of additive cultivar effects did not fit to trials differing much in yield since genetic variance within trials was closely related to the yield level of trials. The cultivars differed in grain yield by multiplicative factors that were well reproducible and highly correlated across environments. The best differentiation of cultivars, expressed as the ratio of genetic to residual variance, was found in high yielding environments. Specific adaptations of cultivars to the environmental yield level were absent or negligible and the ranking of the tested cultivars was very similar across environments. Residual variance was very low after standardisation to equal genetic variance. Statistical cultivar × environment interactions might be largely artefacts of additive yield models, applied to non-standardised data. Significant differences between cultivars were observed in relative yield, stability of relative yield, earliness, height, kernel size and hectoliter weight. Cultivar yield was significantly associated with lodging resistance, short straw and low protein content, while the association with other traits was low or non-significant. Breeding resulted in an increase of the average relative yield of cultivars in regional trials by more than 30%. The top recent bread wheat cultivar Galil is yielding approximately twice more than cv. Florence Aurore, the leading cultivar till the seventies. Breeding progress for yield was fast in the seventies, but only moderate in the last 10 years, with cv. Galil as the top yielder since 1996. Further breeding progress might be harder to achieve than in the past. Keywords: Israel, wheat, cultivars, breeding, yield stability, adaptation, variance components Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 1-10 Volume: 40 Issue: 1 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/3693-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3693-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200401-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:40:y:2004:i:1:id:3693-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Kučerová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Stored-Product Pest Control, Division of Phytomedicine, Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Horák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Stored-Product Pest Control, Division of Phytomedicine, Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Arthropod Infestation in Samples of Stored Seeds in the Czech Republic Abstract: Twenty-one types of seed samples (mainly vegetable and grass seed) were analysed in laboratory and 60% arthropod infestation (14 Acarina, 5 Psocoptera species) was found. The seeds of beet, grass, onion, radish and lettuce were most sensitive to infestation. Acarus siro was a dominant mite pest from all aspects (frequency, abundance and seed diversity infestation), followed by Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Tarsonemus granarius and Lepidoglyphus destructor. Cheyletus eruditus was a dominant predatory mite. Lepinotus patruelis was the most frequent psocid pest. Keywords: mites, psocids, Acarina, Psocoptera, stored seed, stored product pest Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 11-16 Volume: 40 Issue: 1 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/3694-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3694-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200401-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:40:y:2004:i:1:id:3694-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.Y. Atsmon Author-Workplace-Name: Ashqelon, Israel; 2Miroslav, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Schwarzbach Author-Workplace-Name: Ashqelon, Israel; 2Miroslav, Czech Republic Title: Wheat Production and Breeding in Israel from 1948 to 2002 Abstract: The sown wheat acreage in Israel increased from less than 40 000 ha in 1948 to more than 100 000 ha in the seventies and has declined slightly since that time. About 3/4 of the crop are grown in the central part of the country, mostly rain fed, with precipitation of 250-500 mm. The cultivation of durum wheat, originally dominant, has declined since the sixties to a small percentage of the wheat acreage and durum wheat breeding is thus negligible. Local bread wheat breeding started around 1960 independently at three breeding organisations, one of which extensively used genetic material from international breeding programs in Mexico. Since the fifties about 25 cultivars have been released, but only a few are of economic importance now. Breeding considerably increased the yielding potential of cultivars. The recent top cultivar Galil yields about twice as much as cv. Florence Aurore, the leading cultivar in 1970. The national average grain yield rose from 900 kg/ha in 1948 to recently 2.3 t/ha. The highest on-farm yields under favourable conditions are about 9 t/ha. An increasing proportion of the wheat acreage is used for silage, reaching now more than 25%. Yearly fluctuations of yield are considerable and are closely related to rainfall. Data also show an improvement in water utilisation by the crop during the analysed period. The domestic production covered originally only about 12% of the consumption, reaching 47% in the decade 1970-1979, but declined again due to the population growth from 1.2 to 6.5 millions. Keywords: Israel, wheat, yield, production, consumption, breeding, rainfall Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 17-24 Volume: 40 Issue: 1 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/3695-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3695-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200401-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:40:y:2004:i:1:id:3695-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Voral Title: Potato Kariera Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 25-26 Volume: 40 Issue: 1 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/6088-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6088-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:40:y:2004:i:1:id:6088-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Popovec Author-Name: J. Balčák Title: Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Major Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 27-28 Volume: 40 Issue: 1 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/6089-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6089-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:40:y:2004:i:1:id:6089-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Čapek Title: White mustard Severka Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 29-30 Volume: 40 Issue: 1 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/6090-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6090-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:40:y:2004:i:1:id:6090-CJGPB