Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nobuyoshi Watanabe Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan Author-Name: Naoto Takesada Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan Author-Name: Yuko Fujii Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan Author-Name: Petr Martinek Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest, Agricultural Testing, Advisory Services and Research, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Title: Comparative Mapping of Genes for Brittle Rachis in Triticum Abstract: The brittle rachis phenotype is of adaptive value in wild grass species because it causes spontaneous spike shattering. The genes on the homoeologous group 3 chromosomes determine the brittle rachis in Triticeae. A few genotypes with brittle rachis have also been found in the cultivated Triticum. Using microsatellite markers, the homoeologous genes for brittle rachis were mapped in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. conv. durum /Desf./) and Aegilops tauschii Coss. On chromosome 3AS, the gene for brittle rachis, Br2, was linked with the centromeric marker, Xgwm32, at the distance of 13.3 cM. Br3 was located on chromosome 3BS and linked with the centromeric marker,Xgwm72 (14.2 cM). Br1 was located on chromosome 3DS. The distance from the centromeric marker Xgdm72 was 23.6 cM. The loci Br1, Br2 and Br3 determine disarticulation of rachides above the junction of the rachilla with the rachis so that a fragment of rachis is attached below each spikelet. The rachides of Ae. tauschii are brittle at every joint, so that the mature spike disarticulates into barrel type. The brittle rachis was determined by a dominant gene, Brt, which was linked to the centromeric marker, Xgdm72 (19.7 cM), on chromosome 3DS. A D-genome introgression line, R-61, was derived from the cross Bet Hashita/Ae. tauschii, whose rachis disarticulated as a wedge type. The gene for brittle rachis of R-61, tentatively designated as Br61, was distally located on chromosome 3DS, and was linked with the centromeric marker, Xgdm72 (27.5 cM). We discussed how the brittle rachis of R-61 originated genetically. Keywords: brittle rachis, homoeologous genes, mapping, Triticum, Aegilops Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 39-44 Volume: 41 Issue: 2 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3671-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3671-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200502-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:41:y:2005:i:2:id:3671-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A Dreiseitl Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest, Agricultural Testing, Advisory Services and Research, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Title: Resistance To Powdery Mildew In Selected Czech Winter Barley Breeding Lines Abstract: Powdery mildew resistances in Czech winter barley breeding lines were postulated on the basis of their reaction types to 32 pathotypes of the pathogen with different combinations of virulence genes. The results from testing 38 lines represent a substantial part of found variability in the examined trait with 13 found resistances. The resistances typical of winter barley cultivars dominated in six-row lines whereas the resistances typical of spring barley cultivars were more frequent in two-row lines. None of these resistances was effective enough to all used pathotypes. Desired effectiveness is present neither in the lines with a combination of corresponding resistances nor in the cases when their resistance is controlled by more (up to six) postulated genes. Resistances "Ch" (detected in the line CH 669) and "Lu" (detected in the line LU 1258/A/02) are novel, the former without any practical importance. A need of breeding winter barley cultivars resistant to powdery mildew is discussed since they are required for both conventional and particularly low-input farming systems. Keywords: Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei, Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei, powdery mildew, Hordeum vulgare, winter barley, breeding lines, resistance Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 45-50 Volume: 41 Issue: 2 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/6076-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6076-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200502-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:41:y:2005:i:2:id:6076-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Dostálová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Grain Legumes Author-Name: M. Seidenglanz Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Department Author-Name: M. Griga Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Biotechnology Department, AGRITEC, Ltd., Šumperk, Czech Republic Title: Simulation and Assessment of Possible Environmental Risks Associated with Release of Genetically Modified Peas (Pisum sativum L.) into Environment in Central Europe Abstract: Environmental risks connected with the release of genetically modified peas into the environment were studied in simulated field experiments. They included (1) an assessment of pollen transfer and the rate of natural outcrossing between commercial peas (Pisum sativum), (2) the incidence and behaviour of insects visiting pea flowers and their role as potential pollinators, and (3) the inventory of other insect taxa in pea crop (not related directly to pea reproduction organs). Field trials were established (2001-2003) with two non-GM pea cultivars differing in flower colour, seed coat colour and whole plant habit that were grown in close proximity. Cv. Zekon with recessive traits served as a trap variety, cv. Arvika with dominant traits as a pollen donor. The seeds of the trap variety were completely harvested and sown each successive year (2002, 2003) to monitor the incidence of dominant traits in F1 generation. In the case of outcrossing, dominant traits would occur already in F1 generation. However, the occurrence of plants with dominant traits in the progeny of the trap variety was not recorded in any case during the whole experimentation period (ca 40 thousand F1 plants screened each year). Based on the obtained data we assume that the probability of outcrossing in recent commercial peas is extremely low (zero in our experiments). Among the species visiting regularly pea flower buds/flowers (pests, pollinators) the most frequent were pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum), pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), pea thrips (Kakothrips robustus), honey-bee (Apis mellifera), bumble-bees (Bombus sp.). Bruchus pisorum is a possible candidate for pollen transfer in unopened pea flowers. A list of insect taxa occurring in pea fields was created on the basis of the four-year monitoring (2001-2004). Keywords: pea, Pisum sativum, transgenic plants, insect pollinators, outcrossing, environmental risks Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 51-63 Volume: 41 Issue: 2 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3672-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3672-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200502-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:41:y:2005:i:2:id:3672-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A Bhargava Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, National Botanical Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India Author-Name: S Shukla Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, National Botanical Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India Author-Name: D Ohri Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, National Botanical Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India Title: Analysis of Genotype × Environment Interaction for Grain Yield in Chenopodium spp. Abstract: Twenty-seven germplasm lines of Chenopodium spp. were grown in four environments and evaluated for genotype × environment interactions and comparisons between 4 stability parameters viz. Eberhart and Russel's δi2, Shukla's si2, Wricke's Wi2 and Tai's ëi were made. Highly significant variance due to environment + (G × E) interaction indicated that genotypes interacted differentially with environments. Shukla's and Wricke's methods gave more or less the same results while large differences occurred between Shukla's and Tai's methods. si2 and Wi2 exhibited the highest correlation (0.9999**) between themselves. Two diploid and two hexaploid lines, viz. C. album cv. Siliguri, C. album cv. Chandanbathua, C. album PRC 9803 and C. giganteum PI596371, were found to be stable and high yielding. Keywords: Chenopodium, G × E interaction, stability, deviation from regression Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 64-72 Volume: 41 Issue: 2 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3673-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3673-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200502-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:41:y:2005:i:2:id:3673-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L Milella Author-Workplace-Name: Dipartimento di Biologia, Difesa e Biotecnologie Agro-Forestali, Universitá degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy Author-Name: J Salava Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Plant Medicine, Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: G Martelli Author-Workplace-Name: Dipartimento di Biologia, Difesa e Biotecnologie Agro-Forestali, Universitá degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy Author-Name: I Greco Author-Workplace-Name: Dipartimento di Biologia, Difesa e Biotecnologie Agro-Forestali, Universitá degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy Author-Name: E F Cusimamani Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: I Viehmannová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Genetic Diversity between Yacon Landraces from Different Countries Based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs Abstract: Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers are widely used for evaluating the genetic relationship of crop germplasm. Five different landraces of yacon (Smallantus sonchifolius (Poepp. and Hendl.) H. Robinson; Asteraceae) collected in various countries and showing different morphological traits were investigated using a total of 61 decamer primers. A total of 282 RAPD markers were scored and 28.7% of them were polymorphic at least within landraces. RAPD markers generated by one primer (OBP14) discriminated between all landraces. Markers were used to calculate genetic similarity coefficient and to build a dendrogram representing the genetic relationship between analysed landraces. The results suggest that RAPD markers could be used as a reliable tool to perform fingerprinting studies in Smallantus sonchifolius genome. This is the first report on the use of RAPDs to evaluate genetic distance and to distinguish between different landraces in yacon. Keywords: Smallantus sonchifolius, yacon, RAPDs, fingerprinting Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 73-78 Volume: 41 Issue: 2 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/3674-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3674-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200502-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:41:y:2005:i:2:id:3674-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Kameníková Title: Poppy Variety Sokol (White-Seed Type) Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 79-80 Volume: 41 Issue: 2 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/6077-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6077-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:41:y:2005:i:2:id:6077-CJGPB