Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniela Mikulíková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Plant Production, Slovak Agricultural Research Centre, Piešťany, Slovak Republic Title: The effect of friabilin on wheat grain hardness: a review Abstract: A wheat marketing system established the primary classification of hexaploid wheat based on the endosperm texture, i.e. hardness or softness of the grain. Hardness affects a range of characters including the milling (tempering, milling yield, flour particle size, shape and density of flour particles), baking and end-use properties. Wheat grain hardness is largely controlled by genetic factors but it can also be affected by the environmental and other factors. The endosperm texture is primarily associated with the Hardness (Ha) locus on the short arm of chromosome 5D. It is regulated by friabilin. This 15 kDa starch surface protein complex is present in larger amounts in soft wheats compared to hard ones and consists of three major polypeptides: puroindoline a (Pina), puroindoline b (Pinb) and grain softness protein 1 (Gsp-1). The soft grain texture in wheat is a result of both puroindoline genes being in the wild type active form and bound to starch. When one of the puroindolines is either absent or altered by mutation, then the result is a hard texture. Gene sequence variation and mutation of both puroindoline genes account for the majority of variation in the wheat grain texture. The latter may serve as the potential for improvement of milling and baking wheat quality. However, many wheat varieties have the intermediately (mixed) hard endosperm and there is a wide variation between soft and hard grain texture. Grain hardness is affected by a number of factors beyond genetics including N management, tillage system, pest infestations, environment (location of growth, temperature and rainfall during the growing season) and their interactions, and factors such as moisture, gliadin composition, and content of lipids, starch and pentosans. Keywords: friabilin, grain softness protein (Gsp-1), puroindoline a (Pina), puroindoline b (Pinb) Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 35-43 Volume: 43 Issue: 2 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/1911-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1911-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200702-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:43:y:2007:i:2:id:1911-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jana Chrpová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Václav Šíp Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Eva Matějová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Světlana Sýkorová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Resistance of winter wheat varieties registered in the Czech Republic to mycotoxin accumulation in grain following inoculation with Fusarium culmorum Abstract: Resistance of 35 winter wheat varieties to the accumulation of mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) in grain was evaluated in field trials lasting three years (2004, 2005, 2006) after artificial inoculation with Fusarium culmorum. Data on DON and ZEA content were supplemented by symptom scores and determination of % of Fusarium damaged grains and % reductions of thousand grain weight and grain weight per spike due to infection. The conditions of experimental years highly influenced the performance of all characters. The highest production of DON occurred in 2006 at a high temperature and high moisture content during the infection period. Moderate resistance to the accumulation of DON (at the level of Swiss variety Arina) was detected in the varieties Apache, Samanta, Simila and Alana. Another six varieties (Rheia, Banquet, Ludwig, Rapsodia, Dromos and Globus) also showed relatively low average DON content, but a higher fluctuation in experimental years. DON content was positively related to ZEA content and significant correlations were also detected between DON content and the examined disease severity traits. In all years the earlier varieties showed lower DON accumulation than later varieties, but the effects of genotype earliness on the other traits, including ZEA content, were not often significant (not similar under different conditions). The obtained results could help to improve the classification of varieties from these aspects, which is desirable for recommendation on their use in practice and breeding. Keywords: winter wheat, Fusarium culmorum, deoxynivalenol content, zearalenone content, disease severity traits, variety resistance Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 44-52 Volume: 43 Issue: 2 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/1910-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1910-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200702-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:43:y:2007:i:2:id:1910-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alena Hanzalová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Veronika Dumalasová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Táťána Sumíková Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Bartoš Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Rust resistance of the French wheat cultivar Renan Abstract: Our field experiments confirmed the leaf rust resistance of cv. Renan in the Czech Republic. Whereas the leaf rust resistance gene Lr37 possessed by Renan is generally effective as late as at the adult plant stage, we found one leaf rust isolate that caused resistant to moderately resistant reactions on NIL Lr37 as well as on the cv. Renan already at the seedling stage. This isolate was used in the study of genetics of the leaf rust resistance of cv. Renan in greenhouse experiments. The presence of translocation from Aegilops ventricosa carrying the cluster of rust resistance genes Lr37, Sr38 and Yr17 was also determined by a PCR molecular marker. All experiments confirmed the presence of Lr37 gene in cv. Renan. The presence of Lr14a, postulated earlier, could not be verified. The resistance of cv. Renan in the field was slightly higher than that of the line Tc/8//VPM1 possessing Lr37, which may indicate a more complex genetic base of leaf rust resistance in the cv. Renan. In the progeny of the cross Boka/Renan leaf rust resistance gene Lr37 behaved as a recessive or partially dominant gene, stem rust resistance gene Sr38 as a dominant gene. Keywords: winter wheat, cv. Renan, leaf rust resistance, Lr37, Sr38 Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 53-60 Volume: 43 Issue: 2 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/1912-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1912-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200702-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:43:y:2007:i:2:id:1912-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michal Ondřej Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Department and Author-Name: Igor Huňady Author-Workplace-Name: Grain Legumes Department, AGRITEC Ltd., Šumperk, Czech Republic Title: Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) breeding for resistance to anthracnose (Ascochyta fabae Speg.) in the Czech Republic Abstract: In 2003-2005 faba bean accessions were evaluated in laboratory and field inoculation tests with a mixture of differently virulent isolates for susceptibility to anthracnose caused by the fungus Ascochyta fabae Speg. All tested commercial faba bean cultivars, both colour and white flowering, were found to be susceptible or highly susceptible. The highest level of resistance was found only in declared sources of resistance: 29H, L-8 and Petra. Segregation of F2 plants derived from the cross of cultivar Merlin (susceptible, white flowering) with line Petra (resistant, colour flowering) was observed. The plants were moderately susceptible to highly susceptible. This finding indicates a multigenic character of resistance. Repeated selection cycles with the selection of resistant plants in F2 and F3 generations were performed. In the F4 generation, colour flowering lines with a high level of resistance, nearly at the same level as in line Petra, were obtained. In comparison with the parental cultivar Merlin an increase in the resistance of selected white flowering lines was proved. Resistance will be increased/stabilized in further repeated selection cycles. Keywords: faba bean, Vicia faba, Ascochyta fabae, anthracnose, sources of resistance, plant breeding Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 61-68 Volume: 43 Issue: 2 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/1909-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1909-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200702-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:43:y:2007:i:2:id:1909-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Koprna Title: Winter oilseed rape Opus Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 69-70 Volume: 43 Issue: 2 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/1908-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1908-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:43:y:2007:i:2:id:1908-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Koprna Title: Winter oilseed rape Oksana Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 71-72 Volume: 43 Issue: 2 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/1907-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1907-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:43:y:2007:i:2:id:1907-CJGPB