Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Veronika Heřmanová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production and Author-Name: Jan Bárta Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Production and Author-Name: Vladislav Čurn Author-Workplace-Name: Biotechnological Centre, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Wild potato species: characterization and biological potential for potato breeding - a revoew Abstract: Wild potato species (genus Solanum, section Petota) represent a tremendously diverse gene pool which is traditionally utilized as a source of diverse traits for potato breeding. Abiotic and biotic stress tolerance and resistance belong to the most frequently utilized traits of wild species in potato breeding programs. This review provides an introduction to the taxonomy, centre of diversity, genetic characteristics, evolution and important tolerance and resistance traits of wild potatoes and their use for potato breeding. The review has been written for readers who are interested in the problems of finding and utilization of new resistance genes from the wild genetic resources. Keywords: disease and pest resistance genes, genetic resources, potato resistance breeding, wild potato species Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 73-81 Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2069-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2069-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200703-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:43:y:2007:i:3:id:2069-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Veronika Dumalasová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Bartoš Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Reaction of spring wheat cultivars to common bunt caused by Tilletia tritici (Bjerk.) Wint. and Tilletia laevis (Kühn) Abstract: In 2005, 2006 and 2007 nineteen, eight and nine spring wheat cultivars, respectively, were tested in field trials for resistance to common bunt after inoculation with bunt teliospores. Nine spring wheat cultivars were tested in a greenhouse under favourable conditions for the bunt infection. Bunt incidence in the field trials varied between 0% and 38.7%, in the greenhouse between 52.9% and 100%. The results of individual cultivars and years fluctuated. A reduction in plant height, ear length, root system and increased tillering were registered in the inoculated plants. Spots on the leaves of inoculated plants were observed in three out of the four greenhouse experiments. Keywords: common bunt, spring wheat, resistance, secondary effects of bunt Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 82-86 Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2068-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2068-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200703-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:43:y:2007:i:3:id:2068-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonín Dreiseitl Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest fyto Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Title: Variety resistance of winter barley to powdery mildew in the field in 1976-2005 Abstract: The results of evaluation of powdery mildew resistance in winter barley varieties in 285 Czech Official Trials conducted at 20 locations were analysed. Over the period, the number of varieties tested per year increased from four to seven in 1976-1985 to 53-61 in 2002-2005. To assess the resistance of varieties, only trials with sufficient disease severity were used. In 1976-2000, six varieties (1.7% of the varieties tested in the given years) ranked among resistant (average resistance of a variety in a year > 7.5) including NR-468 possessing the gene Mla13, KM-2099 with mlo and Marinka with the genes Mla7, MlaMu2. In 2001-2005, already 33 varieties (16.9%) ranked among resistant, of which Traminer possessing the genes Ml(St) and Ml(IM9 dominated. The proportion of susceptible varieties (average resistance ≤ 5.5) did not change in the two mentioned periods. Two-rowed varieties began to be tested as late as in 1990 (the first variety was Danilo), however, no difference was found in the resistance of two- and six-rowed varieties. Using an example of two pairs of varieties (Dura-Miraj and Marinka-Tiffany) with identical genes for specific resistance but with different resistance in the field, the efficiency of non-specific resistance is discussed. The resistance of domestic and foreign varieties was similar in 1994-2000; however, in 2001-2005 the difference was 0.75 point to disadvantage of domestic ones. Keywords: Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei, Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei, Hordeum vulgare, non-specific resistance, specific resistance Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 87-96 Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2067-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2067-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200703-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:43:y:2007:i:3:id:2067-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leona Leišová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ladislav Kučera Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ladislav Dotlačil Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Genetic resources of barley and oat characterised by microsatellites Abstract: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) are important crop species. 1865 accessions of winter barley, 2707 accessions of spring barley and 1998 accessions of oat are maintained in RICP Gene bank. The expert core collection is used to be established as a tool for germplasm study, conservation of genetic variability and for the identification of useful genes. The main aim of this study was to evaluate genetic diversity of barley and oat genotypes within the expert core collections. Genetic variation of 176 barley accessions was analyzed using 26 microsatellite loci, covering all 6 chromosomes. 330 oat accessions were analyzed using 26 microsatellite loci that are mapped only into linkage groups. For 26 barley microsatellite loci, 328 alleles were detected. The average number of alleles per locus was 12.6. In oat, for 26 oat microsatellite loci, 353 alleles were detected. The average number of alleles per locus was 13.6. The average DI (diversity index) was 0.11 in barley and 0.09 in oat. Dendrogram and PCA (Principal Component Analysis) based on microsatellite data showed a different influence of the place of origin, age of variety and pedigree on grouping into clusters. PCA showed that the breeding process had a negative impact on the level of genetic diversity and therefore there is a necessity of barley and oat germplasm conservation. Keywords: barley, oat, microsatellites, genetic diversity Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 97-104 Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2070-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2070-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200703-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:43:y:2007:i:3:id:2070-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: YU Chengyu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China Author-Name: Leona Leišová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Vratislav Kučera Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Miroslava Vyvadilová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaroslava Ovesná Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ladislav Dotlačil Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: HU Shengwu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China Title: Assessment of genetic diversity of yellow-seeded rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) accessions by AFLP markers Abstract: The genetic diversity of 35 yellow-seeded Brassica napus L. accessions originating from China, Czech Republic and Poland was assessed by means of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers based on multiplex PCR using multi-colour fluorescent-labelled primers. Five brown-seeded accessions originating from China and France were selected as outliers. In total, 632 peaks were generated by AFLP reaction using 18 primer combinations. Only distinctly polymorphic markers among them were scored. In total, 242 polymorphic markers were detected with an average of 13.4 markers per primer combination. The AFLP analysis separated forty studied accessions into Chinese and European groups by UPGMA clustering and Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCA). The grouping of accessions based on the cluster analysis and PCA was generally consistent with known pedigree information and geographic origin. Notable geographical divergence was found between Chinese and European yellow-seeded accessions. This information is useful for yellow-seeded hybrid breeding and encouraging breeders to exchange their germplasm as to enlarge the genetic diversity of breeding accessions. Keywords: AFLP, Brassica napus L., genetic diversity, yellow seed trait Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 105-112 Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2071-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2071-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200703-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:43:y:2007:i:3:id:2071-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zdeněk Stehno Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Product Quality, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Emmer wheat Rudico can extend the spectra of cultivated plants - Short Communication Abstract: Emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum Schübl. or also T. dicoccon Schrank) tetraploid wheat species was grown in the Czech territory till the 6th century A.D. when it was replaced by bread wheat. At present only landraces and wild forms of this species are available in collections of genetic resources. With the aim to extend the spectra of grown crops, a collection of emmer genetic resources in the Czech Gene Bank was studied. An accession later in ripeness, with a good level of resistance to fungal diseases and with a high yield potential was selected from the collection. After bulk selection procedure and three year testing it gained a certificate of legal protection as cultivar Rudico. The cultivar with high protein content and very good resistance to fungal diseases was found to be able to meet the requirements for organic growing systems as well. Keywords: emmer wheat, grain yield, protein content, legal protection Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 113-115 Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2072-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2072-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:43:y:2007:i:3:id:2072-CJGPB