Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Erik Schwarzbach Author-Workplace-Name: Miroslav, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiří Hartmann Author-Workplace-Name: Czech Plant Variety Office, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Hans-Peter Piepho Author-Workplace-Name: University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany Title: Multiplicative main cultivar effects in Czech official winter wheat trials 1976-2005 Abstract: 98 winter wheat cultivars, tested by the Czech Plant Variety Office in 554 trials between 1976 and 2005, were analysed for breeding progress, yielding capacity and behaviour in particular environments. The trials were grouped by yield level, years, altitude, precipitation, temperature and ecological regions. Within each group, least squares (LS) adjusted cultivar means and variance components were estimated. The cultivar means within groups were used as primary data for the subsequent analysis across groups. Genetic variance (Vg) increased with increasing yield level while residual variance (Vr) slightly decreased. Although Vg within groups was very different, phenotypic correlations between the cultivar means of the groups were very high. The cultivar yields, plotted against environment yield, followed a funnel-like distribution, expanding from the origin. The data fitted better to the assumption of multiplicative main cultivar effects than to the assumption of additive main cultivar effects, implied by standard models. Standardised relative yields (SRY), assuming multiplicative main cultivar effects on the original scale, were therefore used to analyse the data. The SRY were obtained by standardisation of cultivar means within trial groups to the variance expected from the cultivar means across the trial groups, subtraction of additive environment effects and division by the general mean. The SRY had a smaller relative error, as measured by the Vg/Vr relation, than cultivar means calculated under the assumption of additive main cultivar effects. The SRY were surprisingly consistent over environments. G × E interactions, usually found under the assumption of additive main cultivar effects, may partly be artefacts of the assumption. Keywords: trial series, cultivars, variance components, adaptation, multiplicative model Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 117-124 Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/1901-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1901-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200704-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:43:y:2007:i:4:id:1901-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ján Heldák Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research and Breeding Institute, Veľ ká Lomnica, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Milan Bežo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Veronika Štefúnová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Andrea Galliková Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research and Breeding Institute, Veľ ká Lomnica, Slovak Republic Title: Selection of DNA markers for detection of extreme resistance to potato virus Y in tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) F1 progenies Abstract: Marker-assisted selection is progressively introduced into potato breeding especially in the case of monogenically inherited traits. Varieties and clones with extreme resistance to potato virus Y (PVY) from German, Hungarian, Polish, Dutch and Slovak breeding programmes were used as female parents in 6 crosses. F1 progenies were subjected to the bulk segregant analysis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based markers for Rystoand Ryadg viral resistance alleles were used for the evaluation of varieties, clones and seedlings of F1 progenies. All resistant F1 genotypes were reliably identified using three molecular markers, STM0003, GP122718 and GP122406, associated with the Rysto allele. No genotype corresponded with phenotypic data and Ryadg markers. Ryadg and three selected Rysto markers were applied to 40 genotypes from an in vitro gene bank and 14 genotypes were recognized to have Rysto and none of them possessed Ryadg Indirect selection is based on DNA polymorphism linked to the extreme resistance to PVY resulting in error when polymorphism is not conserved in all genetic backgrounds. A failure to detect extreme resistance to PVY using the Rysto markers in variety Santé, resistant progeny of variety Santé and clone Y01-30 may be linked to recombination events or differentSolanum stoloniferum background. Keywords: potato, potato virus Y (PVY), extreme resistance, DNA markers, Rysto Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 125-134 Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2074-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2074-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200704-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:43:y:2007:i:4:id:2074-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Václav Kůdela Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Plant Health, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Inflorescence blast and flower bud abnormalities of Spiraea × vanhouttei and their causes Abstract: In ornamental gardening, Spiraea × vanhouttei is a frequently planted spirea species in the Czech Republic. In 2003, there arose a suspicion of possible occurrence of fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora on spirea shrubs in Prague and its environs. This suspicion was disproved for a certainty. The absence of the fire blight pathogen in symptomatic spirea plants stimulates a further effort to tackle the problem of a cause of conspicuous fire blight-like symptoms or inflorescence blast occurring on some spirea shrubs. The subject of this paper is: (i) to describe symptoms, incidence and severity of inflorescence blast, bud and flower abnormalities occurring in Spiraea × vanhouttei shrubs; (ii) to find out differences in the occurrence of blasted inflorescences between Spiraea species and cultivars with the intention of verifying the hypothesis that the blast inflorescence and sterility of some spirea species are associated with hybrid species. Symptoms of inflorescence blast are every growing season. No seed is produced by blasted inflorescences. Besides inflorescence blast, aborted floral buds appeared sporadically on a small scale. Spirea species were split into four categories according to the incidence of blasted inflorescences. Out of 52 species evaluated, 10% showed no or scarce incidence, 52% medium incidence, 27% high incidence and 11% very high incidence. The scarce incidence of blasted inflorescences was connected with the high seed production. And vice versa, very high incidence of blighted inflorescences was closely connected with no or low seed production or with high incidence of sterility. Fifteen out of the evaluated spirea species are the result of hybridization. These hybrids occur in each of the four categories of spirea species distinguished by the incidence of blasted inflorescence. However, it is remarkable that the highest incidence of hybrid spireas occurs in the category with the highest incidence of blasted inflorescence (83.33%). In the remaining three categories of spirea species, the proportion of hybrids ranged from 18 to 21%. It might indicate some connection of spirea hybrids with sterility. Keywords: Vanhoutte spirea, hybrids, inflorescence blast, flower bud abnormalities, sterility Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 135-143 Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/1898-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1898-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200704-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:43:y:2007:i:4:id:1898-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marie Špunarová Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: Milan Pouch Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaroslav Špunar Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Title: Utilization of a molecular marker for evaluation of hybridization success in spring barley genetics and breeding Abstract: The success in hybridization of two-rowed spring barley genotypes of various origins was verified using the codominant SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) marker HVWAXY which is located in the coding sequence of the waxy gene. The primer pair F 5' AAG ACG TGG TGT TCG TGT G 3' and R 5' ATG GTT CCA GGG GTA AGT TC 3' generated the PCR product of approximately 200 bp in the varieties/breeding lines Maridol, Bojos, Malz, Xanadu, Isotta, Josefin, Native, Sebastian, Conrad, KM 2436, KM 2439, KM 2629, KM-H-1320, whereas the product of about 250 bp was amplified in the lines KM 2416 and Br 7571h33. The parental genotypes possessing different alleles of the marker were crossed and the segregating lines of the F3 generation were characterized employing molecular methods (marker-assisted selection). This prescreening enabled to work with a lower number of individuals (selfed individuals were excluded) at the initial stages of the breeding process leading to the acceleration of selection as a particular phase of breeding. Keywords: barley, Hordeum vulgare L., hybridization, marker-assisted selection, SSR marker Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 144-148 Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/1900-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1900-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200704-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:43:y:2007:i:4:id:1900-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Pavelek Author-Name: E. Tejklová Title: Linum usitatissimum L., Linseed Amon Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 149-150 Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/6045-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6045-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:43:y:2007:i:4:id:6045-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Stemberková Author-Name: I. Langer Title: Spring barley Aksamit Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 151-152 Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/6046-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6046-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:43:y:2007:i:4:id:6046-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Horčička Author-Name: A. Hanišová Author-Name: J. Chrpová Title: Winter wheat Sakura Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 153-155 Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/1899-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1899-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:43:y:2007:i:4:id:1899-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: editors Title: INDEX OF VOLUME 43 Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 156-158 Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2073-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2073-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:43:y:2007:i:4:id:2073-CJGPB