Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klára Kosová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana Chrpová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Václav Šíp Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Recent advances in breeding of cereals for resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus Abstract: The review focuses on recent progress in the breeding of small grain cereals (barley, wheat, oats) for resistance to the barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). First, the symptomatology of barley yellow dwarf (BYD) disease is briefly described and the genome of BYDV, its serotypes and mechanisms of its replication and translation in host plants are characterized. Great attention is paid to the description of resistance genes and sources of BYDV resistance that are currently used in some breeding programmes of barley, wheat and oats. In barley, the introduction of the Ryd2 gene into high-yielding cultivars is still desirable. An example of recent success reached in a European programme aimed at a pyramiding of resistance genes is the registration of the Italian feeding barley cultivar Doria, carrying resistance genes Ryd2, rym4 and Rdg1. The release of this cultivar resulted from the cooperation between EICR, Fiorenzuola d'Arda and CRI in Prague-Ruzyně in the field of virus resistance. Finally, some experiments employing transgenic techniques in the construction of resistant plants are mentioned. In conclusion, the advantages and disadvantages of classical breeding methods using crossing and transgenic techniques are compared and newly arising approaches are discussed. Keywords: BYDV, biological characteristics, breeding, resistance genes, sources of resistance, barley, wheat, oats Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 1-10 Volume: 44 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/6/2008-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6/2008-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200801-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:44:y:2008:i:1:id:6-2008-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Manoj Kulkarni Author-Workplace-Name: School of Biotechnology, Vidya Pratishthan, Baramati District Pune, India Author-Workplace-Name: Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben Gurion University of Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel Author-Name: Tushar Borse Author-Workplace-Name: School of Biotechnology, Vidya Pratishthan, Baramati District Pune, India Author-Name: Sushama Chaphalkar Author-Workplace-Name: School of Biotechnology, Vidya Pratishthan, Baramati District Pune, India Title: Mining anatomical traits: a novel modelling approach for increased water use efficiency under drought conditions in plants Abstract: Crop yields are reduced by 70-80% due to a water stress situation specifically during the reproductive stage and are not able to fulfil the needs of food requirement in developed and developing countries of the world. Earlier work was mainly focused on the use of morphological or physiological and molecular aspects for improved stress tolerance. Efforts are being made to overcome this problem with the help of today's sophisticated and advanced technology through genomics, proteomics and metabolomics. The presented model summarizes our work in the last five years to mine anatomical parameters as a novel approach to further improving introgression or exploitation of stress adaptive traits. We have focused on some key anatomical traits playing a substantial role in water stress tolerance. This new conceptual model encompasses increased palisade mesophyll height, higher leaf strength index (LSI), higher number of conducting tissues with increased diameter in leaf, stem and root and controlled transpiration rate due to a lower number of stomata per unit leaf area along with the increased guard cell size. Different plants viz. Lycopersicon esculentum, Capsicum annuum, and Calotropis gigantea were screened by developing polyploids to validate this model approach. Genotypes of Vitis vinifera and Solanum melongena were also screened. Wild relatives like Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme and Solanum khasianum were evaluated for comparison. These observations were further correlated with various stress adaptation traits like yield under stress, in vitro screening, chlorophyll content, transpiration heating and cooling, molecular markers etc. A new scoring method is proposed which will be helpful to screen a large set of germplasms on a preliminary basis to discriminate genotypes for drought tolerance. There is an urgent need to study the genetics of these stress adaptive traits using high throughput molecular markers to make them more useful for a higher magnitude of genetic gain. Keywords: drought, palisade mesophyll, xylem, water use efficiency, polyploids Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 11-21 Volume: 44 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/1330-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1330-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200801-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:44:y:2008:i:1:id:1330-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kateřina Pánková Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Zbyněk Milec Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Michelle Leverington-Waite Author-Workplace-Name: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, United Kingdom Author-Name: Sabina Chebotar Author-Workplace-Name: South Plant Biotechnology Centre, Odessa, Ukraine Author-Name: John W. Snape Author-Workplace-Name: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, United Kingdom Title: Characterization of inter-varietal chromosome substitution lines of wheat using molecular markers Abstract: Several sets of wheat inter-varietal chromosome substitution lines (SLs) have been produced over the last fifty years at the CRI (formerly RICP) in Prague-Ruzyně, based on cytogenetic manipulations using aneuploids. Lines with defined genes have been obtained which significantly influence growth habit and flowering time and these have been used particularly in the study of the genetics and physiology of flowering. The sets of lines include substitutions of homoeologous group 5 chromosomes carrying Vrn genes that control vernalisation response, homoeologous group 2 chromosomes with Ppd genes controlling photoperiodic sensitivity, and some other substitutions, particularly those with chromosome 3B of the Czech alternative variety Česká Přesívka where a novel flowering time effect was located. Although the phenotypic and cytological analysis of substitution lines has been continually carried out during backcrossing generations, only the use of molecular markers can allow an unambiguous characterization to verify that substitutions are correct and complete. This analysis has allowed incorrect substitutions or partial substitutions to be identified and discarded. This paper summarizes the results of recent molecular checks of the substitution line collections at CRI. Keywords: wheat, substitution lines, SSR markers Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 22-29 Volume: 44 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/1329-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1329-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200801-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:44:y:2008:i:1:id:1329-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miroslav Klíma Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Miroslava Vyvadilová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Vratislav Kučera Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Chromosome doubling effects of selected antimitotic agents in Brassica napus microspore culture Abstract: Effects of microspore culture treatment with antimitotic agents colchicine, trifluralin and oryzalin on the frequency of embryo formation, embryo development, plant regeneration and diploidization rate in three F1 hybrids of winter rapeseed cultivars were compared. The ploidy level analysis of 1709 flowering microspore-derived plants showed that in vitro applications of all antimitotic drugs increased the rate of doubled haploid (DH) plants significantly. The mean rate of DH plants from the trifluralin treatment was 85.7%, from colchicine 74.1% and 66.5% in the case of oryzalin, while only 42.3% in the untreated control variant whereas in vivo additional application of colchicine at the plantlet stage did not significantly increase the mean rate of DH plants (55.6%). Although there were no significant differences in diploidization efficiency between the in vitro applications of particular antimitotic agents, trifluralin showed to be the most suitable because of its positive effect on embryo development and conversion into whole plants. In addition, the diploidization rate was sufficient and stable in all genotypes tested. The results indicate that the trifluralin treatment of microspore cultures could provide efficient chromosome doubling for the production of doubled haploid lines from winter oilseed rape breeding materials. Keywords: antimitotic agents, diploidization, doubled haploid, microspore culture, winter oilseed rape Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 30-36 Volume: 44 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/1328-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1328-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200801-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:44:y:2008:i:1:id:1328-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Hochman Author-Name: M. Griga Title: AGRITEC Research, Breeding & Services Ltd. - 65 years of research and breeding of technical crops and legumes at Šumperk (1942-2007) Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 37-39 Volume: 44 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/1327-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1327-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:44:y:2008:i:1:id:1327-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Cagaš Title: Reed canary grass Chrastava Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 41-42 Volume: 44 Issue: 1 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/7/2008-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7/2008-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:44:y:2008:i:1:id:7-2008-CJGPB