Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Václav Šíp Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana Chrpová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Světlana Sýkorová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Assessing resistance to head blight in wheat cultivars inoculated with different Fusarium isolates Abstract: Four winter wheat cultivars, differing in resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), were spray inoculated under field conditions for three years with 18 isolates of two Fusarium species (F. graminearum and F. culmorum) obtained from different regions of the Czech Republic. Deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination, FHB severity (VSS), Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) and reductions of thousand grain weight and grain weight per spike were measured to describe the aggressiveness level of isolates. Highly significant correlations were found between these traits, but correlation coefficients ranged from 0.45 to 0.99. Analyses of variance showed significant effects of year, cultivar, isolate and Fusarium species on all traits. Experimental year accounted for the highest proportion of variation (37-59%), followed by cultivar (11-39%), isolate (9-18%) and species (1-3%). Two-way and three-way interactions between the main factors were also statistically significant, but with generally lower contribution to total variation. Though the examined isolates of two Fusarium species differed largely in quantitative aggressiveness, they did not show any evident qualitative differences in virulence. Pathogenic specialization of isolates was relatively higher in FDK. This trait appeared to be less affected by the disease level than the content of DON, which strongly reflected environmental conditions, cultivar resistance and pathogenicity of an isolate. Under highly variable weather conditions the significance of differences between the cultivars was not often detected by a single isolate and it was necessary to look for isolate groups in order to get a higher percentage of significant differences and prove the moderate resistance of the cultivar Arina. The highest number of significant differences between the cultivars was reached after selection of isolates, the application of which resulted in pronounced cultivar effects (lower interaction with years) and which showed high correspondence with the average reaction of cultivars in different years (R2). Divergence in sensitivity to the environment could be another criterion for selecting sources of inoculum. Keywords: aggressiveness, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium head blight, FHB traits, resistance tests, inoculum sources, winter wheat Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 43-59 Volume: 44 Issue: 2 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/19/2008-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/19/2008-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200802-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:44:y:2008:i:2:id:19-2008-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hana Jiráková Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Alena Hanzalová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Crown rust pathotypes determined on oats in the Czech Republic from 2004 to 2006 and reaction to oat cultivars Abstract: The incidence of oat crown rust (Puccinia coronata var. avenae Fraser et Ledingham) pathotypes was recorded in the Czech Republic in 2004-2006. The virulence of collected 79 monopustule oat crown rust isolates was assessed on 23 differentials. High diversity was observed; the isolates possessed from 0 to 8 virulence genes. More than 80% of pathotypes were recorded only once. Pathotypes BLBG and BLBC were the most frequent. None of the tested isolates was virulent to resistance genes Pc39, Pc50, Pc52, Pc59, Pc62 and Pc68. Registered cultivars Avenuda, Dalimil, Auron, Isak were susceptible to the majority of pathotypes, cvs. Abel, Ardo, Atego, Azur, Neklan, Radius and Saul to all used pathotypes. Only the Czech cultivar Vok was resistant to all but four used pathotypes. Acquired data are useful for resistance breeding. Keywords: oat, crown rust, cultivar resistance, Pc genes, Puccinia coronata var. avenae, pathotypes, Czech Republic Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 60-65 Volume: 44 Issue: 2 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/15/2008-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/15/2008-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200802-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:44:y:2008:i:2:id:15-2008-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lenka Klčová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Plant Production, Slovak Agricultural Research Centre, Piešťany, Slovakia Author-Name: Marcela Gubišová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Plant Production, Slovak Agricultural Research Centre, Piešťany, Slovakia Title: Evaluation of different approaches to buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) micropropagation Abstract: Plant regeneration by different techniques was evaluated in three buckwheat cultivars: indirect regeneration from cotyledons and hypocotyls, direct regeneration by nodal segment cultivation and induction of multiple shoots from seedling apices. Regenerated shoots were obtained in all procedures. The effects of BA (6-benzylaminopurine), media composition and gelling agent were tested. The regeneration efficiency of shoot apex culture was 2.65-3.33 nodal segments/explant. Cotyledon and hypocotyl segments produced 1.25-2.44 shoots per explant plated. Nodal segment cultivation yielded 4.1-4.8 new nodal segments/explant in 4 weeks. Eighty percent of shoots rooted on the basal medium. Rooting was improved (up to 95.6%) by IBA (3-indolebutyric acid) addition to the culture medium. Regenerated plantlets were transferred to the soil. The most efficient and simple micropropagation of buckwheat was nodal segment cultivation on MS medium solidified by agar with the addition of 1 mg/l BA. This method is advisable for rapid multiplication, in vitro conservation or rescue of genetic resources. Keywords: buckwheat, in vitro regeneration, micropropagation, nodal segment, rooting Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 66-72 Volume: 44 Issue: 2 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/2677-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2677-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200802-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:44:y:2008:i:2:id:2677-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Veronika DUMALASOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Methods, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel BARTOŠ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Methods, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Effect of inoculum doses on common bunt infection on wheat caused by Tilletia tritici and T. laevis Abstract: : In the trial with different doses of common bunt teliospores used for inoculation of wheat the number of bunted ears increased with the increasing dose of inoculum. This increase was small (statistically insignificant) in the resistant cv. Bill and high (statistically significant) in the susceptible cv. Samanta. The effect of inoculation on the vigour of inoculated plants was estimated according to the number of tillers per plot in summer in cultivars inoculated with different inoculum doses sown at the same sowing rate in autumn. The number of tillers was decreasing with the increasing inoculum dose. This was less pronounced in the resistant cv. Bill than in the susceptible cultivar Samanta. Competition between Tilletia tritici and Tilletia laevis during infection was studied by inoculation with a 1:1 mixture of teliospores of these species and scoring bunted ears. Ears bunted with T. laevis prevailed in almost all trials. The germination test of teliospores showed a higher speed of germination of Tilletia laevis teliospores. The number of teliospores per seed after inoculation was counted. No significant difference in the number of teliospores per seed after inoculation with T. tritici or T. laevis was ascertained. Keywords: common bunt, inoculum doses, competition between T. tritici and T. laevis Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 73-77 Volume: 44 Issue: 2 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/2/2008-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2/2008-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200802-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:44:y:2008:i:2:id:2-2008-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Smýkal Title: International conference: Molecular mapping and marker assisted selection in plants. Vienna 3rd-6th February 2008 Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 78-79 Volume: 44 Issue: 2 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/3143-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3143-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:44:y:2008:i:2:id:3143-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Horčička Author-Name: A. Hanišová Author-Name: O. Veškrna Title: Winter wheat Sultan Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 81-82 Volume: 44 Issue: 2 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/29/2008-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/29/2008-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:44:y:2008:i:2:id:29-2008-CJGPB