Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jana ŘEPKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan HOFBAUER Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Troubsko, Ltd., Czech Republic Title: Seed pod shattering in the genus Lotus and its overcoming Abstract: Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) is a perennial species that is known for its outstanding characters as a crucial component of meadow and pasture vegetation and a highly successful fodder crop. However, its cultivation has been limited by the inability to control pod shattering. The anatomic and physiological bases of pod shattering are known and are considered to be controlled by more than one gene. This paper reviews the known causes of pod shattering and potential ways of overcoming pod indehiscence in L. corniculatus. Genetic transformation is possible in the genus Lotus; however, the useful genes determining the seed pod indehiscent character have not been identified yet. The only way of introducing pod indehiscence characters into L. corniculatus is by interspecific hybridization within the genus Lotus; embryo rescue and protoplast cultures are promising. To determine useful genotypes for crosses, investigations of pre- and post-fertilization barriers are necessary. To that end, we present here a convenient procedure for a whole-mount clearing treatment of immature seeds that leaves the cell walls of tissues intact. This is a useful technique for the study of post-fertilization barriers in Lotus. Keywords: interspecific hybridization, Lotus, pod shattering, post-fertilization barriers, pre-fertilization barriers Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 39-44 Volume: 45 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/26/2009-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/26/2009-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200902-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:45:y:2009:i:2:id:26-2009-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ondřej Veškrna Author-Workplace-Name: Research Centre SELTON, Ltd., Stupice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana Chrpová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Václav Šíp Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Tibor Sedláček Author-Workplace-Name: Research Centre SELTON, Ltd., Stupice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Horčička Author-Workplace-Name: Research Centre SELTON, Ltd., Stupice, Czech Republic Title: Reaction of wheat varieties to infection with barley yellow dwarf virus and prospects for resistance breeding Abstract: The reaction of winter and spring wheat to infection with barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-PAV) was evaluated in three-year small-plot field trials on 71 wheat varieties registered in the Czech Republic and at two locations for two years on 63 selected potential sources of resistance. Disease symptoms (VSS) were visually recorded using a 0-9 scale and the percent reduction of grain weight per spike (GWS-R) was measured on twenty plants per plot. The evaluation showed that among the registered varieties of winter and spring wheat no variety had a high resistance to BYDV (with VSS lower than 3.5). GWS-R ranged between 24% and 60%. Higher variability in VSS was detected for the registered varieties of spring wheat compared to winter wheat. Among the registered varieties of winter wheat, Saskia, Rialto, Meritto, Rexia, and Svitava, as well as the spring wheat Leguan, received the best long-term evaluations. The highest level of resistance was detected for the PSR 3628 line (a hybrid of wheat and couch-grass), but in connection with a low agronomic value. The WKL91-138 line of spring wheat and some varieties (lines) with the detected moderate level of resistance, in particular, could offer good prospects for use in breeding. The presence of the Bdv2 gene was expressed only in the reduction of virus content on the 11th day after inoculation. Nevertheless, genotypes carrying this gene were evaluated in field trials as susceptible or very susceptible to infection with the Czech PAV isolate. Similarly, the presence of the Bdv1 gene detected with the help of WMS130 marker was no assurance of an increased level of resistance to BYDV. Hybridological analyses of crosses with the WKL91-138 line showed a polygenic nature of inheritance. Thus, the marker-assisted selection does not obviously promise success without a focus on detecting a larger number of QTLs. Keywords: barley yellow dwarf, BYDV, Bdv1, Bdv2, resistance sources, breeding, wheat Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 45-56 Volume: 45 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/32/2009-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/32/2009-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200902-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:45:y:2009:i:2:id:32-2009-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiří HORÁČEK Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Biotechnology Department and Author-Name: Miroslav GRIGA Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Biotechnology Department and Author-Name: Petr SMÝKAL Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Biotechnology Department and Author-Name: Miroslav HÝBL Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Grain Legumes, AGRITEC Ltd., Šumperk, Czech Republic Title: Effect of environmental and genetic factors on the stability of pea (Pisum sativum L.) isozyme and DNA markers Abstract: Environmental (geographic location, year-to-year effect) and genetic (intravarietal variation) effects on the stability of the isozyme patterns of esterase (EST), acid phosphatase (ACP), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), shikimate dehydrogenase (SDH) and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (PGI) used for pea cultivar genotyping were studied. In addition, selected DNA markers (RAPD, SSR, ISSR, IRAP) were used to study intravarietal genetic homogeneity/variation at a DNA level. Five commercial dry-seed pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars Canis, Gotik, Komet, Sonet and Zekon were grown during four years (2001 - 2004) in three locations in the Czech Republic (Šumperk, Čáslav, Uherský Ostroh) that differed in soil and climatic characteristics. Mature dry seeds were used as a standard input sample for analyses. No variation in isozyme spectra was found within particular cultivars between years, locations and fruiting nodes in enzymes providing in general a low polymorphism in pea cultivars (ACP, ADH, LAP, SDH, PGI); similarly, these enzymes also exhibited high stability as related to intravarietal variation. In contrast, EST - highly polymorphic in pea cultivars - showed certain qualitative variation within particular cultivars as related to both environmental and genetic factors. The intravarietal variation detected by selected DNA markers was negligible and mostly quantitative. Possible reasons for the instability/variation of isozyme markers are discussed from the aspect of cultivar genotyping used in pea breeding and seed production. Keywords: intravarietal variation, isozymes, microsatellites, Pisum sativum, retrotransposons, seed proteins Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 57-71 Volume: 45 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/25/2009-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/25/2009-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200902-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:45:y:2009:i:2:id:25-2009-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Partha Protim BANERJEE Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Improvement, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, India Author-Name: Paresh Chandra KOLE Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Improvement, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati University, Sriniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, India Title: Analysis of genotypic diversity in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) based on some physiological characters Abstract: Genetic diversity among 30 sesame genotypes, collected from different parts of India, was studied using measurements of leaf area index (LAI) obtained 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after sowing (DAS), crop growth rates (CGR) estimated between the above leaf area measurements (i.e. 30 to 45 DAS, 45 to 60 DAS and 60 to 75 DAS), days to peak flowering, duration of flowering, duration from peak flowering to maturity and oil yield per plant. The normalised Euclidean distance was calculated from the data, and, independently, the Mahalanobis D2 statistics was calculated after dimensionality was reduced by pivotal condensation. The clustering pattern obtained by D2 analysis agreed closely with the dendrogram constructed from the Euclidean distance matrix. In general, the distribution pattern of genotypes in different clusters indicated that genetic divergence was not related to geographical differentiation. However, it was evident that a certain degree of genotypic divergence resulted from the geographic origin of the cultivars. Duration from peak flowering to maturity contributed most to the observed diversity, followed by days to peak flowering, duration of flowering, LAI at 30 DAS and 75 DAS, oil yield per plant and LAI at 60 DAS. Therefore, a greater emphasis should be laid on these characters in the selection of parents for further breeding programmes. Keywords: D2 analysis, Euclidean distance, genotypic diversity, physiological traits, Sesamum indicum L Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 72-78 Volume: 45 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/42/2008-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/42/2008-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200902-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:45:y:2009:i:2:id:42-2008-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alena HANZALOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Taťána SUMÍKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel BARTOŠ Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Determination of leaf rust resistance genes Lr10, Lr26 and Lr37 by molecular markers in wheat cultivars registered in the Czech Republic Abstract: Twenty-seven winter wheat cultivars registered in the Czech Republic were tested by molecular markers for the presence of Lr26 and Lr37, and twenty-eight cultivars for the presence of Lr10. Gene Lr37 was determined in eleven cultivars, gene Lr10 in ten cultivars and gene Lr26 in four cultivars. Eight cultivars had combinations of two Lr genes, one cultivar possessed all the three Lr genes. The results of marker analyses were compared with multipathotype analysis which confirmed the presence of Lr26 but did not enable the verification of the presence of Lr10 and Lr37. Seedling resistance was compared with resistance of the studied cultivars in the field. Keywords: wheat leaf rust, Puccinia triticina, rust resistance, genes Lr10, Lr26 and Lr37, molecular markers, registered wheat cultivars, Czech Republic Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 79-84 Volume: 45 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/28/2009-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/28/2009-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200902-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:45:y:2009:i:2:id:28-2009-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Kameníková Author-Name: V. Vrbovský Title: Ochre-seeded poppy variety Redy Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 85-86 Volume: 45 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/7/2009-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7/2009-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:45:y:2009:i:2:id:7-2009-CJGPB