Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Klára Kosová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana Chrpová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Václav Šíp Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Cereal resistance to Fusarium head blight and possibilities of its improvement through breeding Abstract: The aim of this review is to summarize recent information on Fusarium head blight (FHB) in small grain cereals, especially in wheat and barley. Basic information on FHB epidemiology, types of resistance and plant resistance mechanisms is included. Standard methods for the evaluation of the individual types of FHB resistance and the extent of infection are briefly described. Special attention is paid to the sources of FHB resistance of different origin and possibility of their exploitation in cereal breeding. Unfortunately, a high level of FHB resistance was detected in non-adapted germplasm or distant relatives, which is a serious impediment to breeding progress in this field. The present state of breeding for FHB resistance in wheat, barley, rye, triticale and oats was analyzed. It was shown that large-scale QTL detections provide new opportunities for increasing the resistance; however, multi-step phenotypic selection still remains to be the most effective tool. Pedigree analyses indicated that the latest progress reached in this field was obtained through the cumulation of resistance genes coming from heterogeneous sources with different response to FHB. Keywords: FHB, breeding, sources of resistance, quantitative trait loci, marker-assisted selection, wheat, barley, rye, triticale, oats Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 87-105 Volume: 45 Issue: 3 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/63/2009-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/63/2009-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200903-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:45:y:2009:i:3:id:63-2009-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sachin Rustgi Author-Workplace-Name: Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, India Author-Name: Rajib Bandopadhyay Author-Workplace-Name: Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, India Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India Author-Name: Harindra S. Balyan Author-Workplace-Name: Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, India Author-Name: Pushpendra K. Gupta Author-Workplace-Name: Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, India Title: EST-SNPs in bread wheat: discovery, validation, genotyping and haplotype structure Abstract: The present study involves discovery, validation and use of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in bread wheat utilizing 48 EST-contigs (individual contigs having 20-89 ESTs, derived from 2 to 11 different genotypes). In order to avoid a problem due to homoeologous relationships, the ESTs in each contig were classified into 175 sub-contigs (3.7 sub-contigs/EST-contig) using characteristic homoeologue sequence variants (HSVs), which had a density of 1 HSV every 136.7 bp. In silico analysis of sub-contigs led to the discovery of 230 candidate EST-SNPs with a density of 1SNP/273.9 bp. Locus specific primers (each primer pair flanking 1-18 SNPs) were designed utilizing one sub-contig each from 42 EST-contigs that contained SNPs, the remaining 6 contigs having no SNPs. To provide locus specificity to the PCR products, each primer was tagged with an HSV at its 3' end. Only 10 primer pairs, which gave each a characteristic solitary band, were utilized to validate EST-SNPs over 30 diverse bread wheat genotypes; 7 SNPs were validated through resequencing the PCR products. Allele specific primers were designed and utilized for genotyping of 50 diverse bread wheat accessions (including 30 bread wheat genotypes previously used for validation of SNPs), with an aim to test their utility in genotyping and map construction. The allele specific primers allowed the classification of 50 genotypes in two alternative allele groups for each SNP as expected, thus suggesting their utility for genotyping. Of the above 7 validated SNPs, 4 belonged to a solitary locus (PKS37); 7 haplotypes were available at this locus. Altogether, the results suggested that EST-SNPs constitute an important source of molecular markers for studies on wheat genomics. Keywords: contigs, DNA polymorphism, DNA sequencing, homoeologue sequence variants (HSVs), Triticum aestivum L Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 106-116 Volume: 45 Issue: 3 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/16/2009-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/16/2009-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200903-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:45:y:2009:i:3:id:16-2009-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aparajita MOHANTY Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India Author-Name: Babeeta CHRUNGU Author-Workplace-Name: Zakir Husain College, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, New Delhi, India Author-Name: Nidhi VERMA Author-Workplace-Name: National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, IARI Campus, New Delhi, India Author-Name: Kundaranahalli Ramalingaiah SHIVANNA Author-Workplace-Name: Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Hebbal, Bangalore, India Title: Broadening the genetic base of crop brassicas by production of new intergeneric hybrid Abstract: Wide hybridization between crop brassicas and their wild relatives is an important approach towards increasing the genetic variability, which can be utilised for brassica breeding programs. A new intergeneric hybrid between Erucastrum cardaminoides and Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra was produced using embryo rescue techniques. The F1 hybrid was intermediate between the male and female parent for most of the morphological characters. Cytological studies of pollen mother cells of the hybrid revealed a preponderance of univalents at metaphase I. The number of bivalents in the digenomic hybrid was lower than expected. However, the presence of trivalent and quadrivalent in cells indicated some homoeology between the two genomes and hence the possibility of introgression of genes into the cultivar. The first backcross progeny was obtained using B. oleracea var. alboglabra as the pollen parent. Further, it is being used for developing new alloplasmic lines. The intergeneric hybrid was also used as bridge species to transfer wild (E. cardaminoides) cytoplasm to B. napus and B. carinata. The new intergeneric hybrid and bridge cross hybrids produced in the present investigation have contributed towards increasing the genic and cytoplasmic variability and thus broadening the genetic base of crop brassicas. Keywords: Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra, embryo-rescue, Erucastrum cardaminoides genetic variability, wide hybridization Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 117-122 Volume: 45 Issue: 3 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/35/2009-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/35/2009-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200903-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:45:y:2009:i:3:id:35-2009-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Radoslav KOPRNA Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Oilseed Crops at Opava, OSEVA PRO, Ltd., Opava, Czech Republic Author-Name: Vratislav KUČERA Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ivana MACHÁČKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Breeding Station Chlumec nad Cidlinou, Selgen, a.s., Chlumec nad Cidlinou, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiří HORÁČEK Author-Workplace-Name: AGRITEC, Plant Research Ltd., Šumperk, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jaroslava EHRENBERGEROVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic$2 Title: Development of fertility restorers of winter oilseed rape with low glucosinolate content for the CMS Ogu-INRA system Abstract: We have bred low glucosinolate (GSL) winter oilseed rape lines carrying the fertility restorer for the CMS Ogu-INRA system. The original restorer line BO20 contained 31μmol/g GSL in seeds, but by crossing this line with various low GSL CMS lines, followed by repeated selection of fertile segregants, we were able to obtain fertile lines with a mean GSL content in seeds of 11.8 μmol/g. This result confirmed that the gene(s) controlling the GSL content are not closely linked to the fertility restorer gene. The results confirm, that the SCAR marker SG34 is closely associated with the fertility restoring allele, and facilitates so the selection of fertile segregants; however, the marker is unable to distinguish between the homozygous RfRf and the heterozygous Rfrf genotypes. Keywords: CMS Ogu-INRA, fertility restorer lines, glucosinolatesmolecular markers, winter oilseed rape Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 123-127 Volume: 45 Issue: 3 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/71/2008-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/71/2008-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-200903-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:45:y:2009:i:3:id:71-2008-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Rakouský Title: 10th International symposium on the biosafety of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 128-130 Volume: 45 Issue: 3 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/45/2009-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/45/2009-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:45:y:2009:i:3:id:45-2009-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Cagaš Title: Small timothy Zubr Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 131-132 Volume: 45 Issue: 3 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/47/2009-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/47/2009-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:45:y:2009:i:3:id:47-2009-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Cagaš Title: Perennial ryegrass Zekol Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 133-134 Volume: 45 Issue: 3 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/49/2009-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/49/2009-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:45:y:2009:i:3:id:49-2009-CJGPB