Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paolo Annicchiarico Author-Workplace-Name: CRA - Centro di Ricerca per le Produzioni Foraggere e Lattiero-Casearie, Lodi, Italy Author-Name: Carla Scotti Author-Workplace-Name: CRA - Centro di Ricerca per le Produzioni Foraggere e Lattiero-Casearie, Lodi, Italy Author-Name: Maria Carelli Author-Workplace-Name: CRA - Centro di Ricerca per le Produzioni Foraggere e Lattiero-Casearie, Lodi, Italy Author-Name: Luciano Pecetti Author-Workplace-Name: CRA - Centro di Ricerca per le Produzioni Foraggere e Lattiero-Casearie, Lodi, Italy Title: Questions and avenues for lucerne improvement Abstract: Six crucial questions for lucerne breeders are set up and discussed in relation to the available information. (i) Which width of adaptation? Genotype נlocation interaction is region-specific and may be wide enough to justify breeding for specific adaptation. Genotype נexploitation interaction requires contrasting plant types for mowing and intensive grazing. (ii) Can we breed very drought-tolerant varieties? One drought-tolerant landrace exhibited a drought-avoidance, water-conservation strategy based on limited root development, while large root featured material adapted to favourable environments and/or frequent mowing. (iii) Which selection scheme and variety type? Many schemes were proposed for synthetic varieties, but empirical or theoretical comparisons were limited in number and inference space. Non-additive genetic variation may be exploited by free hybrids (semi-hybrids) through procedures varying in complexity, possibly assisted by marker evaluation. Previous selection of exotic germplasm for adaptation is essential. (iv) How to improve the forage quality? Selection for modified stem morphology (increased internode number, decreased internode length) proved effective. Combined selection for forage yield and leaf/stem ratio seems also feasible. (v) Which opportunities for marker-assisted selection? Linkage maps for lucerne are available but useful markers for forage yield may be site-specific. Bulk segregant analysis is promising in breeding for stress tolerance. (vi) How to exploit genomic information from M. truncatula? This model species can help in developing markers and locating genes which control metabolic pathways, such as saponin content and composition. Information from M. truncatula on marker-trait association for forage yield or tolerance to abiotic stresses may be little exploitable. Keywords: drought tolerance, forage quality, genomics, grazing tolerance, heterosis, markers Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 1-13 Volume: 46 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/90/2009-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/90/2009-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201001-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:46:y:2010:i:1:id:90-2009-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Veronika Dumalasová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Methods, Division of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Product Quality, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Bartoš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Methods, Division of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Product Quality, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Reaction of wheat, alternative wheat and triticale cultivars to common bunt Abstract: Seventeen winter wheat cultivars registered in the Czech Republic were tested for reaction to common bunt in 2-3 year field trials. Bunt infection of resistant checks Globus and Bill varied between 4.1% and 10.6%; the highest infection in cv. Pitbull reached 85.9%. Of the recently registered cultivars Nikol has a relatively low bunt incidence (26.9%). In addition to bread wheat seventeen triticale, seven durum wheat cultivars, two spelt wheat cultivars and one emmer wheat cultivar were tested in the field and some of them also in the greenhouse. Bunt infection of durum wheats was lower than that of bread wheat cultivars. All seventeen tested triticale cultivars were resistant. The reaction of emmer wheat cultivar and spelt wheat cultivars to common bunt was lower than that of susceptible bread wheat checks. Keywords: common bunt resistance, Triticum aestivum, T. durum, T. spelta, T. turgidum var. dicoccum, ×Triticosecale, Tilletia tritici, Tilletia laevis Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 14-20 Volume: 46 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/73/2009-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/73/2009-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201001-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:46:y:2010:i:1:id:73-2009-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Václav Šíp Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana Chrpová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ondřej Veškrna Author-Workplace-Name: Research Centre SELTON, Ltd., Sibřina-Stupice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ludmila Bobková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Centre SELTON, Ltd., Sibřina-Stupice, Czech Republic Title: The impact of cultivar resistance and fungicide treatment on mycotoxin content in grain and yield losses caused by Fusarium head blight in wheat Abstract: Reactions to artificial infection with Fusarium graminearum isolates and a new fungicide Swing Top were studied in nine winter wheat cultivars evaluated in field experiments at two sites for three years for expression of symptoms, deoxynivalenol (DON) content in grain and grain yield. The results demonstrate a pronounced and relatively stable effect of cultivar resistance on reducing head blight, grain yield losses and contamination of grain by the mycotoxin DON. It is advantageous that the moderate level of resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) was detected also in two commonly grown Czech cultivars Sakura and Simila. Average fungicide efficacy for DON was 49.5% and 63.9% for a reduction in yield loss, however, it was found highly variable in different years and sites. The joint effect of cultivar resistance and fungicide treatment was 86.5% for DON and even 95.4% for reducing the yield loss. A very high risk was documented for susceptible cultivars and also the effects of medium responsive cultivars were found to be highly variable in different environments and therefore not guaranteeing sufficient protection against FHB under different conditions. Keywords: cultivar resistance, deoxynivalenol content, efficacy of fungicide, Fusarium graminearum, FHB, grain yield, risk assessment, winter wheat Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 21-26 Volume: 46 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/93/2009-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/93/2009-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201001-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:46:y:2010:i:1:id:93-2009-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tayebeh ABEDI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Author-Name: Hassan PAKNIYAT Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Title: Antioxidant enzymes changes in response to drought stress in ten cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) Abstract: The study was undertaken to identify the responses of antioxidant enzyme activities and their isozyme patterns in seedlings of 10 oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars under drought stress conditions. Plants were grown under three irrigation regimes (FC; field capacity, 60% FC and 30% FC) in a greenhouse. Drought stress preferentially enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) whereas it decreased catalase (CAT) activity. Licord with the highest level of enzyme activity under both optimum and limited irrigation regimes is reported as the most tolerant cultivar. Whereas Hyola 308 and Okapy, having the lowest enzymes activities, are mentioned as cultivars sensitive to drought stress. The native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis detected eight SOD isozymes. Oilseed rape leaves contained three isoforms of Mn-SOD and five isoforms of Cu/Zn-SOD. The expression of Mn-SOD was preferentially enhanced by drought stress. Five POD isoforms were detected in oilseed rape leaves. The intensities of POD-4 and -5 were enhanced under drought stress. According to the results, the appearance of new isozyme bands under drought stress conditions may be used as a biochemical marker to differentiate drought tolerant cultivars under drought stress. Keywords: catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, isozymes, oilseed rape, superoxide dismutase, water stress Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 27-34 Volume: 46 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/67/2009-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/67/2009-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201001-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:46:y:2010:i:1:id:67-2009-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anna JANSKÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Sylva ZELENKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Miroslav KLÍMA Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Miroslava VYVADILOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ilja T. PRÁŠIL Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Freezing tolerance and proline content of in vitro selected hydroxyproline resistant winter oilseed rape Abstract: Twelve doubled haploid (DH) winter oilseed rape plants with altered levels of proline and/or freezing tolerance were obtained by in vitro selection for resistance to trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline (Hyp) in five segregating microspore populations. No significant response to selection either in proline content or in freezing tolerance, compared with the non-selected control populations, was observed. When data from all examined materials were combined, a weak correlation between proline content and freezing tolerance was observed. Keywords: abiotic stress, Brassica napus, microspore culture, proline Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 35-40 Volume: 46 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/52/2009-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/52/2009-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201001-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:46:y:2010:i:1:id:52-2009-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Pavelek Title: Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) Rina Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 41-42 Volume: 46 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/95/2009-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/95/2009-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:46:y:2010:i:1:id:95-2009-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Šafaříková Title: List of field crop varieties registered in the Czech Republic in 2008-2009 Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 43-46 Volume: 46 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/9/2010-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/9/2010-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:46:y:2010:i:1:id:9-2010-CJGPB