Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jana Řepková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Potential of chloroplast genome in plant breeding Abstract: Chloroplast engineering (or chloroplast transformation technology, CTT) is a strategy consisting of inserting a transgene into the chloroplast genome of a plant instead of its nuclear genome. CTT brings advantages such as control of the site of gene insertion, high rates of transgene expression and protein accumulation, lack of transmission of the transgene via pollen due to the fact that plastid genes are maternally inherited and an absence of epigenetic effects. Tobacco remains the species most amenable to CTT to date, although chloroplast genetic engineering has also been achieved successfully in crops such as maize, tomato, cotton, potato, rice and sugar beets. Improving agricultural traits such as herbicide and pathogen resistance, resistance to drought, salt tolerance and phytoremediation potential are all promising applications. Molecular pharming is another area of chloroplast engineering with high potential; the production of a wide range of products such as vaccine antigens, pharmaceutical proteins (human somatotropin, human serum albumin, human interferon, monoclonal antibodies) and industrial proteins (avidin, beta casein, liquid crystal polymers, xylanase, anthranilate synthase) is economically beneficial in comparison with bacterial cultivation or animal cell cultures. This review summarises the current status of CCT and its potential economic impact from the viewpoint of high levels of transgene expression and high accumulation of foreign proteins. Keywords: agricultural traits, chloroplast engineering, industrial proteins, molecular pharming, total leaf soluble protein Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 103-113 Volume: 46 Issue: 3 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/79/2010-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/79/2010-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201003-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:46:y:2010:i:3:id:79-2010-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Hanzalová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Methods, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic; 2Department of Biology, J. Selye University, Komárno, Slovakia; 3Variety Testing Station, Central Controlling and Testing Institute in Agriculture, Želiezovce, Slovakia Author-Name: J. Huszár Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Methods, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic; 2Department of Biology, J. Selye University, Komárno, Slovakia; 3Variety Testing Station, Central Controlling and Testing Institute in Agriculture, Želiezovce, Slovakia Author-Name: E. Herzová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Methods, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic; 2Department of Biology, J. Selye University, Komárno, Slovakia; 3Variety Testing Station, Central Controlling and Testing Institute in Agriculture, Želiezovce, Slovakia Author-Name: P. Bartoš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Methods, Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic; 2Department of Biology, J. Selye University, Komárno, Slovakia; 3Variety Testing Station, Central Controlling and Testing Institute in Agriculture, Želiezovce, Slovakia Title: Physiologic specialization of wheat leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) in the Slovak Republic in 2005, 2006 and 2008 Abstract: In 2005, 2006 and 2008 the virulence of wheat leaf rust population was studied on Thatcher near-isogenic lines with Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2b, Lr2c, Lr3a, Lr9, Lr10, Lr13, Lr15, Lr17, Lr19, Lr21, Lr23, Lr24, Lr26 and Lr28. Samples of leaf rust (141 in total) were obtained from different parts of Slovakia. Resistance gene Lr9 was effective to all tested isolates except three isolates from 2008. No virulence was found to Lr19 and genes Lr24 and Lr28 were also highly effective. Low incidence of virulence to Lr2a was observed. Sixty-five winter wheat cultivars registered in Slovakia were tested with seven leaf rust isolates in the greenhouse. Cultivar Bona Dea was the most resistant of all. Keywords: leaf rust pathotypes, Lr genes, resistance, Slovakia, wheat Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 114-121 Volume: 46 Issue: 3 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/38/2010-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/38/2010-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201003-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:46:y:2010:i:3:id:38-2010-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jana Chrpová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Václav Šíp Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lenka Štočková Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Zbyněk Milec Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ludmila Bobková Author-Workplace-Name: SELGEN, Breeding Station Úhřetice, Czech Republic Title: Resistance of winter wheat varieties registered in the Czech Republic to Fusarium head blight in relation to the presence of specific Rht Alleles Abstract: Resistance of 31 winter wheat varieties (bred in 6 European countries) to Fusarium head blight (FHB) was evaluated in field trials lasting for three years (2007, 2008, 2009) after artificial inoculation with Fusarium culmorum. The data on deoxynivalenol (DON) content were supplemented by symptom scores and determination of % of Fusarium damaged grains and % reductions of thousand-grain weight and grain weight per spike due to infection. These varieties and also 120 advanced breeding lines from the Úhřetice Breeding Station, SELGEN company were examined for the presence of gibberellic acid (GA) insensitive semi-dwarfing genes to evaluate their effect on FHB. The conditions of experimental years highly influenced the performance of all characters. The highest production of DON occurred in 2008 at a high temperature and high moisture content during the infection period. In all years the moderate resistance to accumulation of DON (at the level of Swiss variety Arina) was detected in the Czech varieties Bakfis, Federer, Baletka, Samanta and Sakura. Among these varieties, Federer showed a low accumulation of DON at a relatively higher symptom expression and greater reduction of grain weight per spike, but the other four varieties and the reference variety Arina expressed resistance in all the examined traits. The varieties Pitbull, Cubus, Kodex and Bagou were found to be highly susceptible to FHB. The presence of the dwarfing allele Rht-D1b resulted in a significantly higher mean symptom score and also in a higher affection of the other traits. Nonetheless, the analysis of frequency distributions in symptom scores showed the presence of resistant lines also among the GA insensitive lines, but with a lower frequency than in the group of GA sensitive genotypes. A relatively greater effect on manifestation of the disease had plant height, and therefore it is suggested that the adverse impact of Rht-D1b on FHB resistance could be to a high degree excluded by opting for taller Rht-D1b genotypes. Keywords: deoxynivalenol content, disease severity traits, dwarfing allele Rht-D1b, Fusarium culmorum, head blight, plant height, variety resistance, winter wheat Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 122-134 Volume: 46 Issue: 3 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/74/2010-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/74/2010-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201003-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:46:y:2010:i:3:id:74-2010-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gyana Ranjan Rout Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India Author-Name: Sunil K. Senapati Author-Workplace-Name: Regional Plant Resource Centre, Plant Biotechnology Division, Bhubaneswar, India Author-Name: S. Aparajita Author-Workplace-Name: Regional Plant Resource Centre, Plant Biotechnology Division, Bhubaneswar, India Title: Study of relationships among twelve Phyllanthus species with the use of molecular markers Abstract: The present investigation was undertaken to describe the relationships among twelve species of Phyllanthus collected in India by help of molecular markers. In total, 259 marker loci were assessed, out of which 249 were polymorphic revealing 96.13% polymorphism. Nei's similarity index varied from 0.35 to 0.76 for RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and from 0.31 to 0.76 for ISSR marker systems. Cluster analysis by the unweighted pair group method (UPGMA) of Dice coefficient of similarity generated dendrogram with more or less similar topology for both the analyses that offered a better explanation for diversity and affinities between the species. The phylogenetic tree obtained from both RAPD and ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) markers has divided the 12 species into two groups: group I consisting of only one species Phyllanthus angustifolius (Sw.) Sw and group II with the rest of 11 species. Basically, these results were in compliance with notable morphological characterization. The present study revealed high variation among the species of Phyllanthus and will help to identify different Phyllanthus species. Keywords: genetic variation, ISSR, medicinal plant, RAPD Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 135-141 Volume: 46 Issue: 3 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/74/2009-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/74/2009-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201003-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:46:y:2010:i:3:id:74-2009-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Horčička Author-Name: O. Veškrna Author-Name: T. Sedláček Title: Winter wheat Seladon Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 142-144 Volume: 46 Issue: 3 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/101/2010-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/101/2010-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:46:y:2010:i:3:id:101-2010-CJGPB