Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H.-J. Braun Title: Wheat science into the 21st century - challenges and opportunities Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S1-S2 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3246-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3246-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3246-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P.K. SINGH Author-Name: E. DUVEILLER Author-Name: R.P. SINGH Title: Evaluation of CIMMYT germplasm for resistance to leaf spotting diseases of wheat Abstract: The leaf spotting disease complex is a major biotic constrain in enhancing grain production in the major wheat growing regions. Two leaf spotting diseases, tan spot, caused by an ascomycete fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, and Stagonospora nodorum blotch besides causing average yield losses of 5-10%, cause significant losses in grain quality by red smudge, black point and grain shriveling. Conservation agriculture in combination with wheat monoculture involving cultivation of susceptible cultivars has resulted in frequent onset of leaf spots epidemics worldwide. Development of resistant wheat cultivars, in conjunction with crop rotation, will provide an effective, economical, and environmentally safe means of controlling leaf spot. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico has initiated major efforts to mitigate the threat of tan spot. Efforts include screening of wheat germplasm, identification of new sources of resistance, characterization of new tan spot resistance genes through classical and molecular genetic analysis, incorporation of resistance into adapted cultivars, and assessing the variability in the tan spot fungus. Screening studies reveal that elite CIMMYT germplasm has high level of resistance to tan spot caused by P. tritici-repentis race 1. These germplasm have diverse genetic make-up and the resistance is likely broad based. Association mapping studies done with CIMMYT germplasm reconfirmed the presence of previously identified genomic regions for tan spot resistance; however, novel genomic regions on long arm of chromosomes 6A and 7B have also been identified. Studies done to date indicate that CIMMYT germplasm possess high level diverse genetic based resistance to tan spot of wheat. Efforts are in place to develop desired wheat cultivars with tan spot resistance. Virulence studies indicate presence of P. tritici-repentis race 1 only with some variability in level of toxin Ptr ToxA produced in each of the 76 isolates studied. Keywords: genetic resistance, Phaeosphaeria nodorum, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Stagonospora nodorum blotch, tan spot Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S102-S108 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3263-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3263-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3263-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C.J. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Road, QLD 4067 St. Lucia, Australia Author-Name: J. Ma Author-Workplace-Name: CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Road, QLD 4067 St. Lucia, Australia Author-Workplace-Name: School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009 Perth, Australia Author-Name: H.B. Li Author-Workplace-Name: CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Road, QLD 4067 St. Lucia, Australia Author-Name: Y.X. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Road, QLD 4067 St. Lucia, Australia Author-Workplace-Name: Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 625014 Yaan, China Author-Name: G.R. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Road, QLD 4067 St. Lucia, Australia Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China Author-Name: S.M. Wen Author-Workplace-Name: CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Road, QLD 4067 St. Lucia, Australia Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China Author-Name: M.X. Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research and School of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, P.O. Box 46, Kings Meadows, 7250 Launceston, Tasmania, Australia Author-Name: G.J. Yan Author-Workplace-Name: School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009 Perth, Australia Author-Name: S. Chakraborty Author-Workplace-Name: CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Road, QLD 4067 St. Lucia, Australia Title: The homoeologous regions on long arms of group 3 chromosomes in wheat and barley harbour major crown rot resistance loci Abstract: Crown rot (CR), caused by various Fusarium species, has become an important cereal disease worldwide and growing resistant varieties is an essential strategy to reduce the $A80 mil annual loss from CR in Australia. To facilitate the breeding of resistant varieties, we have screened 2514 wheat and 1059 barley genotypes and identified several lines with high levels of CR resistance in each crop. Initially focused on two wheat and one barley resistance sources, we have identified major QTL with unprecedented magnitudes. Two wheat QTL explain between 35% (LOD 7.6) and 49% (LOD 10.8) and the barley QTL explains up to 63% (LOD 14.8) of the phenotypic variance. One of the wheat QTL has been further assessed in four validation populations, and the presence of this QTL alone reduces CR severity by 33% on average. Surprisingly, all of the three major CR QTL are located in similar regions on the long arms of the homoeologous group 3 chromosomes, the two wheat QTL on 3BL and the barley QTL on 3HL. The possible homoeologous relationship between the 3BL wheat QTL and the 3HL barley QTL warrants further investigation. Relative rearrangements between 3H and 3B chromosomes are unknown, although the relative distances between the different QTL and the centromeres seem to be different. Compared with the barley QTL, the 3BL wheat QTL seems to be more distally located. However genetic distance can be affected by many factors including the use of different populations, thus the differences in genetic distances between the two different genera may have only limited value. The physical map of wheat chromosome 3B, which was recently made available as the first such resources for wheat, would make such a study much easier. Results will be presented on the detection, genetic analysis and mapping of these new sources of CR resistance. Keywords: Fusarium diseases, genome mapping, germplasm screening, quantitative trait loci Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S109-S114 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3264-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3264-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3264-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. TAMBURIC-ILINCIC Author-Workplace-Name: Ridgetown Campus, University of Guelph, Ridgetown, N0P 2C0 Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, Ontario, Canada; e-mail: ltamburi@ridgetownc.uoguelph.ca Author-Name: D. FALK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, Ontario, Canada; e-mail: ltamburi@ridgetownc.uoguelph.ca Author-Name: A. SCHAAFSMA Author-Workplace-Name: Ridgetown Campus, University of Guelph, Ridgetown, N0P 2C0 Ridgetown, Ontario, Canada Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, Ontario, Canada; e-mail: ltamburi@ridgetownc.uoguelph.ca Title: Fusarium ratings in Ontario winter wheat performance trial (OWWPT) using an index that combines Fusarium head blight symptoms and deoxynivalenol levels Abstract: Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most serious diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). FHB reduces grain yield and quality, and the fungus produces mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON). The most practical way to control FHB is through the development of resistant cultivars. In addition to exotic sources of resistance (such as cultivars Sumai 3 and Frontana), native sources of resistance are commonly used in winter wheat breeding programs in North America. In 1996, 2000, and 2004 severe epidemics of FHB cost the winter wheat industry in Ontario, Canada combined over $200 million. All wheat grown in Ontario is entered in the Ontario Winter Wheat Performance Trial (OWWPT) and tested every year for Fusarium resistance and DON level in three inoculated FHB nurseries. The objective of this study is to explain how the index that accounts for FHB symptoms and DON level jointly was developed, and how stable the performance of the cultivars grouped to susceptibility classes has been over a number of years. The index is related to Fusarium susceptibility classes (moderately resistant - MR, moderately susceptible - MS, susceptible - S and highly susceptible - HS), robust, stable, open-ended (old cultivars out, new cultivars in) and useful to farmers in making cultivars selection decisions. This information is available to growers and industry through the website www.gocereals.ca. Keywords: breeding, mycotoxins, resistance Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S115-S122 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3265-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3265-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3265-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. CHRPOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. ŠÍP Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. SEDLÁČEK Author-Workplace-Name: Research Centre SELTON, Plant Breeding Station Stupice, 50 84 Sibřina, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. ŠTOČKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. VEŠKRNA Author-Workplace-Name: Research Centre SELTON, Plant Breeding Station Stupice, 50 84 Sibřina, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. HORČIČKA Author-Workplace-Name: Research Centre SELTON, Plant Breeding Station Stupice, 50 84 Sibřina, Czech Republic Title: Effectiveness of marker-based selection for Fusarium head blight resistance in spring wheat Abstract: The effect of selection for two donor-QTL from Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistant spring wheat variety Sumai 3 on the reduction of deoxynivalenol (DON) content and FHB index was evaluated in field trials over two years (2008, 2009) following artificial inoculation with Fusarium culmorum. This study was conducted on populations of recombinant inbred lines derived from two crosses, Sumai 3/Swedget and Sumai 3/SG-S 191-01. DON content and FHB index were significantly reduced in both crosses in the genotype classes with two stacked donor QTL on chromosomes 3B and 5A in comparison to genotype classes with no donor QTL. In the cross Sumai 3/Swedget the selection for QTL alleles from 3B and 5A resulted in a 63.4% reduction in DON content, and a 51.8% reduction in the FHB index. Similarly, there was a 35.9% and 31.9% reduction, respectively, in the cross Sumai 3/SG-S 191-01. The single effect of the donor-QTL allele from 3B was significant only in the cross Sumai 3/Swedjet. The presence or absence of awns affected both DON content and FHB index in both populations, but was only significantly in the cross Sumai 3/SG-S 191-01. In this cross the effect of selection for fully awned genotypes was particularly evident on a reduction of both DON and FHB index in classes with neither donor QTL, or the 3B QTL. However, the data indicate that the "awnedness" effect on FHB resistance may be highly variable and is probably greater on reducing FHB symptoms than on DON content. The results confirmed that marker-based introgression of resistance QTLs on chromosomes 3B and 5A in traditional breeding materials can enrich populations for resistance types, but it was also shown that the effect of marker-based selection need not be large in all crosses and a similar effect can probably be reached by indirect selection for some FHB-related traits. Keywords: deoxynivalenol, head blight symptoms, FHB-related traits, Fusarium culmorum, marker assisted selection, QTL, resistance, Triticum aestivum Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S123-S129 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3266-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3266-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3266-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M.M. KOHLI Author-Workplace-Name: CAPECO/INBIO, Asunción, Paraguay Author-Name: Y.R. MEHTA Author-Workplace-Name: IAPAR, PR 86100 Londrina, Brazil Author-Name: E. GUZMAN Author-Workplace-Name: CIAT, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia Author-Name: L. DE VIEDMA Author-Workplace-Name: CRIA, Itapúa, Paraguay Author-Name: L.E. CUBILLA Author-Workplace-Name: CAPECO, Asunción, Paraguay Title: Pyricularia blast - a threat to wheat cultivation Abstract: Wheat blast disease caused by Pyricularia grisea (telemorph Magnaporthe grisea) has become a serious restriction on increasing the area and production of the crop, especially in the tropical parts of the Southern Cone Region of South America. First identified in 1985 in the State of Paraná in Brazil, it has become an endemic disease in the low lying Santa Cruz region of Bolivia, south and south-eastern Paraguay, and central and southern Brazil in recent years. Severe infections have also been observed in the summer planted wheat crop in north-eastern Argentina. So far, only sporadic infections have been seen in Uruguay, especially during the wet and warm years. Spike infection (often confused with Fusarium head blight infection) is the most notable symptom of the disease and capable of causing over 40% production losses. However, under severe infection, the loss of production can be almost complete in susceptible varieties. Wheat blast is mainly a spike disease but can also produce lesions on all the above ground parts of the plant under certain conditions. Depending upon the point of the infection on the rachis, the disease can kill the spike partially or fully. The infected portion of the spike dries out without producing any grain which can be visibly distinguished from the healthy portion. While virulence diversity in the fungus has been reported in the literature and is under further exploration, genetic resistance in the host species has been more difficult to identify. Earlier, Brazilian cultivars such as BH 1146, CNT 8, several IAC and OCEPAR selections were credited as demonstrating different levels of field resistance, but this was not confirmed under artificial inoculation studies. However, other cultivars such as BR18, IPR 85, CD 113, have shown moderate levels of resistance over the years in many locations. Recently, several cultivars and advanced lines derived from the CIMMYT line, Milan, have been observed to carry a high level of resistance to blast disease throughout the endemic region. However, to date, the genetic basis of this resistance is not very clear due to extreme variation in the pathogen. Cultivars showing complete resistance against a few isolates under controlled conditions in the glasshouse, may or may not show field resistance in commercial cultivation. Due to an increase of the area under Milan based resistant wheat cultivars in Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay, it needs to be combined with other sources of resistance urgently to prevent the selection of a virulent pathotype in the fungus. Besides genetic resistance, avoidance of early dates of seeding and chemical control can reduce the disease severity. Fungicides combining triazols with strobilurins can, under some situations, be effective in disease control at the heading stage. Even when all components of integrated disease management of wheat blast are not in place yet, it is seen as an essential strategy to reduce production losses in this region. Given the threat that the blast disease may pose to world wheat growing areas in the future, more research efforts are deemed urgent and necessary. Keywords: blast, disease, non traditional regions, Pyricularia, Triticum, wheat Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S130-S134 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3267-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3267-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3267-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Faccio Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret, CICVyA, INTA-Castelar, Argentina Author-Name: C. Vazquez-Rovere Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, INTA-Castelar, Argentina Author-Name: E. Hopp Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA, INTA-Castelar, Argentina Author-Name: G. González Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret, CICVyA, INTA-Castelar, Argentina Author-Name: C. Décima-Oneto Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret, CICVyA, INTA-Castelar, Argentina Author-Name: E. Favret Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Suelos, CIRN, INTA-Castelar, Argentina Author-Name: A. Díaz Paleo Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret, CICVyA, INTA-Castelar, Argentina Author-Name: P. Franzone Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Genética Ewald A. Favret, CICVyA, INTA-Castelar, Argentina Title: Increased tolerance to wheat powdery mildew by heterologous constitutive expression of the Solanum chacoense Snakin-1 gene Abstract: Great efforts are currently being devoted to studying the use of transgenes to confer resistance to phytopathogenic fungi. Snakin-1 is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide isolated from Solanum that is active in vitro against bacteria and fungi. Recently, it was reported that overexpression of the snakin-1 (SN1) gene in transgenic potato plants enhanced resistance to Rhizoctonia solani and Erwinia carotovora. In this work wheat transgenic plants that constitutively expressed the S. chacoense SN1 gene were challenged with Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici. Enhanced resistance to the pathogen was observed in two transgenic lines in which the development of the disease was delayed and reduced compared with the wild type variety ProINTA Federal. An association between high resistance to the pathogen and a high level of snakin-1 transcripts in the plant was observed. This is the first report on SN1 gene expression in Gramineae and its effects on wheat powdery mildew development. Keywords: antimicrobial peptides, Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici, genetic transformation, snakin-1, wheat Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S135-S141 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3268-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3268-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3268-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. CIUCĂ Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural Research and Development Institute Fundulea, 915200 Funduela, Romania; e-mail: matilda72001@yahoo.co.uk Title: A preliminary report on the identification of SSR markers for bunt (Tilletia sp.) resistance in wheat Abstract: Common bunt and dwarf bunt, caused by Tilletia caries (DC) Tul., T. foetida (Wallr) Liro., and T. controversa, respectively, can still cause yield and quality losses, despite the availability of effective chemical treatments. Growing resistant cultivars remains the best option for economical and environmental reasons, and is the only effective alternative in organic farming. As the durability of bunt resistance has proved to be rather poor, the pyramiding of resistance genes has been envisaged as a method of extending the life of resistance genes. Molecular markers can considerably increase the efficiency of gene pyramiding, but, because incomplete expression of both susceptibility and resistance genes makes accurate phenotyping difficult, very few markers associated with bunt resistance genes have been identified to date. This is why, at the National Agricultural Research & Development Institute Fundulea-Romania, along with the breeding program for bunt resistance, research on the possible use of molecular markers for Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) was developed. Random F5 or F4 lines from crosses between a Bt11 line or a bunt resistant line derived from a Triticale/2 × wheat, and susceptible parents, were phenotyped under artificial inoculation conditions, and were genotyped using primers for several markers. Preliminary results suggest that the Bt11 gene is located on chromosome 3B, and may be associated with marker loci Xbarc180, Xwmc623, Xwmc808 and Xgwm285. The gene for bunt resistance transferred from Triticale (line F00628G34-1 - possessing a 1A/1R translocation) can make MAS possible by using 1R specific markers. Although these results are preliminary, they already prove to be useful for the diversification and pyramiding of bunt resistance genes in breeding for durability of bunt resistance. Keywords: Bt11, durability of resistance, MAS, rye introgression Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S142-S145 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3269-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3269-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3269-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. KOKHMETOVA Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, 050040 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan Author-Name: A. MORGOUNOV Author-Workplace-Name: CIMMYT-Turkey, 06511 Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: S. RSALIEV Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Institute of Problems of Biological Safety, 080409 Gvardeysky, Republic of Kazakhstan Author-Name: A. RSALIEV Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Institute of Problems of Biological Safety, 080409 Gvardeysky, Republic of Kazakhstan Author-Name: G. YESSENBEKOVA Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, 050040 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan Author-Name: L. TYPINA Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, 050040 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan Title: Wheat germplasm screening for stem rust resistance using conventional and molecular techniques Abstract: In Central Asia, stem rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici) causes considerable damage, especially during growing seasons with high rainfall. Ug99 is a race of stem rust that is virulent to the majority of wheat varieties. To develop disease-free germplasm, wheat material was screened using the predominant stem rust races of Kazakhstan and tested in two nurseries; CIMMYT-Turkey and the Plant Breeding Station at Njoro, Kenya. A total of 11 pathotypes of P. graminis f.sp. tritici were identified in Kazakhstan from the stem rust samples collected in 2008-2009. In particular, pathotypes TDT/H, TPS/H, TTH/K, TKH/R, TKT/C and TFK/R were highly virulent. Of the 170 advanced lines of wheat, 21 CIMMYT lines resistant to 5 aggressive Kazakhstani pathotypes of P. graminis were identified. A high level of resistance was observed in 11 wheat cultivars and advanced lines: Taza, E-19, E-99, E-102, E-572, E-796, E-809 (Kazakhstan), Ekinchi (Azerbaijan), Dostlik, Ulugbek 600 (Uzbekistan) and Umanka (Russia). Based on data obtained from Turkey-CIMMYT and the Plant Breeding Station Njoro, Kenya nurseries, out of 13 tested entries, 6 wheat breeding lines which were resistant to both stem and yellow rust and 10 wheat lines which showed high and moderate levels of resistance to Ug99 were selected. Using the sequence tagged site (STS) molecular marker Sr24#12, associated with Sr24/Lr24, seven wheat entries resistant to stem rust were identified. These results will assist breeders in choosing parents for crossing in programmes aimed at developing varieties with desirable levels of stem rust resistance in Kazakhstan and they will also facilitate stacking the resistance genes into advanced breeding lines. Keywords: molecular markers, pathotypes, resistance, stem rust, wheat Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S146-S154 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3270-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3270-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3270-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. K. MALAKER Author-Workplace-Name: Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Nashipur, 5200 Dinajpur, Bangladesh; e-mail: pkmalakerwrc@gmail.com Author-Name: M.M.A. REZA Author-Workplace-Name: Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Nashipur, 5200 Dinajpur, Bangladesh; e-mail: pkmalakerwrc@gmail.com Title: Resistance to rusts in Bangladeshi wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Abstract: Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina is the most important disease among the three rusts of wheat in Bangladesh. The disease occurs in all wheat growing areas of the country with varying degrees of severity. Stem rust caused by P. graminis f.sp. tritici was last observed during the mid 1980s, while yellow rust caused by P. striiformis f.sp. tritici occurs occasionally in the north-western region, where a relatively cooler climate prevails during the winter months. None of the rusts has yet reached an epidemic level, but damaging epidemics may occur in future, particularly if a virulent race develops or is introduced. The genes conferring rust resistance in the breeding lines and wheat varieties released in Bangladesh were investigated at CIMMYT-Mexico and DWR-India. The resistance genes Lr1, Lr3, Lr10, Lr13, Lr23 and Lr26, Sr2, Sr5, Sr7b, Sr8b, Sr9b, Sr11 and Sr31; and Yr2KS and Yr9 were found. An adult plant slow rusting resistance gene Lr34 was also identified in some of the breeding lines and varieties based on the presence of clear leaf tip necrosis under field conditions. Considering the possible risk of migration of the devastating Ug99 race of stem rust into the Indo-Pak subcontinent, the Bangladeshi wheat lines and cultivars are being regularly sent to KARI in Kenya for testing their resistance against this race. The resistant lines have been included in multi-location yield trials and multiplied for future use in order to mitigate the threat of Ug99. The resistant lines have also been included in crossing schemes to develop genetic diversity of rust resistance. Keywords: Bangladesh, resistance genes, rusts, wheat Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S155-S159 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3271-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3271-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0010.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3271-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D.B. PANDIT Author-Workplace-Name: Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Nashipur, Dinajpur, Bangladesh Author-Name: M.S.N. MANDAL Author-Workplace-Name: Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Nashipur, Dinajpur, Bangladesh Author-Name: M.A. HAKIM Author-Workplace-Name: Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Nashipur, Dinajpur, Bangladesh Author-Name: N.C.D. BARMA Author-Workplace-Name: Regional Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh Author-Name: T.P. TIWARI Author-Workplace-Name: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Bangladesh Author-Name: A.K. JOSHI Author-Workplace-Name: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), South Asia Office, Kathmandu, Nepal Title: Farmers' preference and informal seed dissemination of first Ug99 tolerant wheat variety in Bangladesh Abstract: Farmers' preference study and informal seed dissemination was carried out through farmer participatory variety selection (PVS) during 2006-2007 to 2008-2009 by the Wheat Research Centre (WRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Dinajpur, Bangladesh, in collaboration with CIMMYT. Four varieties including widely grown Shatabdi and four advance lines including Ug99 tolerant BAW 1064 were tested in mother-baby trial approach in 8 villages in each year. Mother trials were researcher designed but farmer managed. However, baby trials were designed and managed by farmers themselves. Preference scores of 30 farmers for varieties were recorded two times viz., pre and post-harvest stages. Farmers' preferred BAW 1064 owing to its 10% yield superiority over the widely grown Shatabdi variety, bolder white grains, larger grains/spike, non-lodging behaviour, earliness and resistance to diseases. This variety was found moderately resistant to Ug99 in Kenya. BAW 1064 was released as BARI Gom 26 in March 2010. After three years of PVS work, 19.4 t seeds reached informally to 969 farmers of 24 PVS villages from only 252 kg source seeds supplied for trials. In 2009-2010, seed production of this variety was done in 44 ha; 33.8 ha in 111 farmers' fields and 10.2 ha in research stations. Around 150 t seeds were produced that are being used for further testing and multiplication in 2010-2011. Seed dissemination through PVS was much faster than official approach of Bangladesh Agriculture Development Corporation (BADC). Hence, for selection and dissemination of CIMMYT developed Ug99 tolerant lines, farmer-participatory approach is being deployed. Keywords: farmers' preference, participatory variety selection, seed dissemination, Ug99 tolerance, wheat Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S160-S164 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3272-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3272-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0011.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3272-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E.N. YANG Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 610066 Sichuan Chengdu, China Author-Name: Y. C. ZOU Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 610066 Sichuan Chengdu, China Author-Name: W. Y. YANG Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 610066 Sichuan Chengdu, China Author-Name: Y. L. TANG Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 610066 Sichuan Chengdu, China Author-Name: Z.H. HE Author-Workplace-Name: CAAS-CIMMYT, Beijing, China Author-Name: R.P. SINGH Author-Workplace-Name: CIMMYT, 06600 Mexico DF, Mexico Title: Breeding adult plant resistance to stripe rust in spring bread wheat germplasm adapted to Sichuan Province of China Abstract: Sichuan is an important wheat producing province of China where severe stripe rust epidemics occur annually. Developing high-yielding wheat varieties with good and stable stripe rust resistance is a foremost breeding objective of all breeding programs. Because minor gene based adult-plant resistance (APR) is considered durable, a shuttle breeding program between Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (SAAS) and CIMMYT was initiated in 2000 to transfer APR identified in CIMMYT wheats to wheat germplasm adapted in Sichuan. During 2007-2009, a total of 669 advanced generation lines obtained from this shuttle breeding effort were provided to the Plant Protection Research Institute, SAAS for official multi-environment stripe rust tests, and 231 elite lines were characterized for yield performance by the agronomists at the Crop Research Institute, SAAS. Between 11-39% lines were highly resistant depending on the year of testing and 17 (7.3%) lines had 5% or higher yields than the check mean. The adapted resistant lines are being used by various breeding programs to enhance resistance diversity, and three lines are being tested in National or Provincial Yield Trials for possible releases. Keywords: durable resistance, Puccinia striiformis, stripe rust, Triticum aestivum Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S165-S168 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3273-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3273-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0012.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3273-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. R. SHEWRY Author-Workplace-Name: Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ Hertfordshire, UK Author-Name: J. L. WARD Author-Workplace-Name: Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ Hertfordshire, UK Author-Name: F. ZHAO Author-Workplace-Name: Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ Hertfordshire, UK Author-Name: C. RAVEL Author-Workplace-Name: INRA Clermont-Ferrand, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Author-Name: G. CHARMET Author-Workplace-Name: INRA Clermont-Ferrand, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France Author-Name: D. LAFIANDRA Author-Workplace-Name: University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy Author-Name: Z. BEDŐ Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary Title: Improving the health benefits of wheat Abstract: Analysis of wheat lines in the HEALTHGRAIN diversity screen has shown wide variation in the content of phytochemicals, dietary fibre components and minerals. In some cases, notably dietary fibre components, alkylresorcinols, tocols and sterols, this variation is also highly heritable, indicating that the contents of these components could be increased by plant breeding. Lower heritability was observed for the contents of Fe and Zn, but this may still be sufficient to achieve some increases by plant breeding. By contrast, some other components, such as folates, phenolic acids and Se, exhibit low levels of heritability. Grain concentrations of iron and zinc were lower in modern semi-dwarf cultivars than in older tall cultivars but no relationship between the date of release and the contents of phytochemicals and dietary fibre components was found. Keywords: dietary fibre, grain, health benefits, minerals, phytochemicals Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S169-S173 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3274-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3274-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0013.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3274-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. VELU Author-Workplace-Name: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), 06600 Mexico DF, Mexico Author-Name: R. SINGH Author-Workplace-Name: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), 06600 Mexico DF, Mexico Author-Name: J. HUERTA-ESPINO Author-Workplace-Name: Campo Experimental Valle de Mexico INIFAP, 56230 Chapingo, Edo de Mexico, Mexico; e-mail: velu@cgiar.org Author-Name: J. PEÑA Author-Workplace-Name: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), 06600 Mexico DF, Mexico Author-Name: I. ORTIZ-MONASTERIO Author-Workplace-Name: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), 06600 Mexico DF, Mexico Title: Breeding for enhanced zinc and iron concentration in CIMMYT spring wheat germplasm Abstract: Micronutrient malnutrition, resulting from dietary deficiency of important minerals such as zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe), is a widespread food-related health problem. Genetic enhancement of crops with elevated levels of these micronutrients is one of the most cost effective ways of solving global micronutrient malnutrition problem. Development and dissemination of high Zn and Fe containing high-yielding, disease-resistant wheat varieties by International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) is initially targeted for the Indo-Gangetic plains of South Asia, a region with high population density and high micronutrient malnutrition. The most promising sources for grain Zn and Fe concentrations are wild relatives, primitive wheats and landraces. Synthetic hexaploids were developed at CIMMYT by crossing Aegilops taushii and high Zn and Fe containing accessions of T. dicoccon. Current breeding efforts at CIMMYT have focused on transferring genes governing increased Zn and Fe from T. spelta, T. dicoccon based synthetics, land races and other reported high Zn and Fe sources to high yielding elite wheat backgrounds. Keywords: bread wheat, correlation, genetic biofortification, grain zinc and iron Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S174-S177 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3275-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3275-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0014.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3275-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. L. DE ALMEIDA Author-Workplace-Name: Fundação Agrária de Pesquisa Agropecuária - FAPA and Author-Name: G. DOS SANTOS PORTES SILVA Author-Workplace-Name: Cooperativa Agrária Agroindustrial, Guarapuava, Brazil; e-mail: Juliano@agraria.com.br Title: Predicting cookie wheat germplasm performance Abstract: Compared to the large effort spent developing Brazilian bread wheat cultivars, relatively few soft wheat cultivars for cookie flour were released in this country in the recent years. The objective of this study is to propose a model to predict wheat cultivars with improved manufacturing quality for the cookie industry while maintaining production for the growers. A database was compiled originally with 1674 entries with field, milling and flour quality parameters from the year 2000 to 2008 crop seasons. The critical specifications of 14 commercial cookie flours were compared and it was determined that the variables farinograph water absorption appeared in 14 out of 41 specifications (34.1%), alveograph strength appeared in 13 out of 41 specifications (31.7%), wet gluten appeared in 11 out of 41 specifications (26.8%), alveograph tenacity appeared in two out of 41 specifications (4.9%), and alveograph dough extensibility appeared in one out of 41 specifications (2.5%). Using frequency percentages as model coefficients a Brazilian Cookie Wheat Score Model was proposed:BCWS =ABS × 0.341 + W × 0.317 + WG × 0.268 + P × 0.049 + L × 0.025. The ideal score for a wheat genotype to be classified as cookie wheat for the Brazilian market is within the optimum interval from 56.1 to 81.2. To validate this model and its proposed interval, 277 wheat entries from the 2008 crop year were tested under the following conditions: first, wheat genotypes that yielded less than the average of bread wheat genotypes were discharged; second, wheat genotypes without the full set of values for the model variables were discharged. Twenty wheat genotypes, out of 277, were within the optimum interval and were proposed as wheat genotypes to produce cookie flour. The validation results indicated that, using the BCWS Model, along with the established conditions, a wheat breeder will have 75% chance of finding a potential cultivar with acceptable cookie functionality from a set of experimental lines. Keywords: Brazilian wheat market, cookie flour specifications, soft wheat breeding, soft wheat cultivars, cookie wheat cultivars Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S178-S181 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3276-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3276-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0015.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3276-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. NI Author-Workplace-Name: Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041Chengdu, China; Author-Name: B. FENG Author-Workplace-Name: Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041Chengdu, China; Author-Name: Z. XU Author-Workplace-Name: Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041Chengdu, China; Author-Name: T. WANG Author-Workplace-Name: Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041Chengdu, China; Title: Dynamic changes of wheat quality during grain filling in waxy wheat WX12 Abstract: Changes of quality traits such as grain sugar, starch, and protein content in full waxy and normal wheat in field grown samples was studied during grain filling. Compared to the normal line, the soluble sugar, sucrose and pentosan contents were higher in the waxy isoline. The highest pentosan content in waxy wheat was 22-27 days after flowering (DAF), while the highest fructan content was 7-12 DAF. In addition, the quality dynamic changes of two wheat lines were similar except for starch content during grain filling, the Vmax of starch synthesis were highest at 17-22 DAF in the waxy line, while this was at 22-27 DAF in the normal line. The results indicated that according to the different dynamic changes between waxy and common wheat, the quality of waxy wheat may be improved by optimum cultivation measures. Keywords: filling stage, protein, starch, sugar, waxy wheat Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S182-S185 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3277-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3277-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0016.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3277-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.H. MALIK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems, LTJ Faculty, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden; e-mail: Ali.Malik@slu.se Author-Name: M.L. PRIETO-LINDE Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems, LTJ Faculty, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden; e-mail: Ali.Malik@slu.se Author-Name: R. KUKTAITE Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems, LTJ Faculty, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden; e-mail: Ali.Malik@slu.se Author-Name: A. ANDERSSON Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems, LTJ Faculty, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden; e-mail: Ali.Malik@slu.se Author-Name: E. JOHANSSON Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems, LTJ Faculty, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden; e-mail: Ali.Malik@slu.se Title: Individual and interactive effects of genetic background and environmental conditions on amount and size distribution of polymeric proteins in wheat grain Abstract: Bread-making quality of wheat flour is influenced by wheat storage proteins. The percentage of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-unextracted polymeric proteins in total polymeric proteins (% UPP), as one important factors determining bread-making quality, is largely influenced by the individual and interactive effect of genetical background and environmental conditions. Four spring wheat cultivars were grown in green house. Two of the cultivars have high molecular weight glutenin subunits 5+10 while the other two have 2+12. Four different nitrogen regimes and two different temperature levels (distinguished as low and high temperature) were used. The results highlighted the importance of interactive influence of cultivars, nitrogen regimes and temperature levels for creating differences in the amount of % UPP during grain maturation period (GMP) and at maturity. The shift to end up with either high or low % UPP at maturity happened early during GMP (around 12 days after anthesis). Influences of cultivars on % UPP was found early during the GMP while influences of temperature and nitrogen regimes were seen much later during the GMP. The results will help in understanding the relationship between quality parameters of wheat flour and how these are influenced by different environmental and genetic factors. Keywords: environmental conditions, genetical background, grain maturation period, polymeric proteins Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S186-S189 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3278-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3278-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0017.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3278-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. J. TSILO Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, MN 55108 St. Paul, USA Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Council - Small Grain Institute, 9700 Bethlehem, South Africa Author-Name: J.-B. OHM Author-Workplace-Name: Cereal Crops Research Unit, Red River Valley Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, ND 58105 Fargo, USA Author-Name: G.A. HARELAND Author-Workplace-Name: Cereal Crops Research Unit, Red River Valley Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, ND 58105 Fargo, USA Author-Name: S. CHAO Author-Workplace-Name: Cereal Crops Research Unit, Red River Valley Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, ND 58105 Fargo, USA Author-Name: J.A. ANDERSON Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, MN 55108 St. Paul, USA Title: Quantitative trait loci influencing end-use quality traits of hard red spring wheat breeding lines Abstract: Wheat bread-making quality is influenced by a complex group of traits including dough visco-elastic characteristics. In this study, quantitative trait locus/loci (QTL) mapping and analysis were conducted for endosperm polymeric proteins together with dough mixing strength and bread-making properties in a population of 139 (MN98550 × MN99394) recombinant inbred lines that was evaluated at three environments in 2006. Eleven chromosome regions were associated with endosperm polymeric proteins, explaining 4.2-31.8% of the phenotypic variation. Most of these polymeric proteins QTL coincided with several QTL for dough-mixing strength and bread-making properties. Major QTL clusters were associated with the low-molecular weight glutenin gene Glu-A3, the two high-molecular weight glutenin genes Glu-B1 and Glu-D1, and two regions on chromosome 6D. Alleles at these QTL clusters have previously been proven useful for wheat quality except one of the 6D QTL clusters. Keywords: quantitative trait locus, wheat quality Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S190-S195 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3279-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3279-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0018.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3279-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. DVORAK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, CA 95616 Davis, USA Author-Name: M.-C. LUO Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, CA 95616 Davis, USA Author-Name: E.D. AKHUNOV Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, CA 95616 Davis, USA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, KS 66506 Manhattan, USA Title: N.I. Vavilov's theory of centres of diversity in the light of current understanding of wheat diversity, domestication and evolution Abstract: N.I. Vavilov hypothesized that the geographical centres of diversity of crops indicate their geographical centres of origin. Vavilov's conclusions about the geographical origins of einkorn, durum and common wheat agree well with current population and molecular genetic studies when macro-geography is used but agree poorly when they are examined at higher resolution. We examined the causes of such disagreements for tetraploid emmer wheat and hexaploid common and club wheat. Molecular studies suggest that emmer was domesticated in the Diyarbakir region in south-eastern Turkey. Nucleotide diversity of wild emmer in the Diyarbakir region estimated earlier was compared with nucleotide diversity of wild and domesticated emmer across their distribution estimated here. Although domesticated emmer is only half as diverse as wild emmer, it is more diverse than the ancestral wild emmer population in the Diyarbakir region. Its centre of diversity is in the Mediterranean and does not coincide with the geographical centre of emmer origin. A similar disagreement exists in hexaploid wheat. Its centre of molecular diversity is in Turkey, which is west of the putative site of its origin in Transcaucasia and north-western Iran. It is shown that the primary cause of the disagreements between geographical centres of crop diversity and geographical centres of crop origin is gene flow from an ancestor subsequently to crop origin, which modifies the geographical pattern of crop diversity. When such gene flow takes place and when crop is domesticated in a peripheral population of the ancestor, the centre of crop diversity and the centre of crop origin are unlikely to coincide. Keywords: domestication, emmer, gene flow, nucleotide diversity, Triticum aestivum, Triticum dicoccoides Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S20-S27 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3249-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3249-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0019.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3249-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R.M. DePAUW Author-Workplace-Name: Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Box 1030, Swift Current, S9H 3X2 Saskatchewan, Canada Author-Name: R.E. KNOX Author-Workplace-Name: Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Box 1030, Swift Current, S9H 3X2 Saskatchewan, Canada Author-Name: D.G. HUMPHREYS Author-Workplace-Name: Cereal Research Centre, AAFC, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Author-Name: J.B. THOMAS Author-Workplace-Name: Cereal Research Centre, AAFC, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Author-Name: S.L. FOX Author-Workplace-Name: Cereal Research Centre, AAFC, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Author-Name: P.D. BROWN Author-Workplace-Name: Cereal Research Centre, AAFC, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Author-Name: A.K. SINGH Author-Workplace-Name: Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Box 1030, Swift Current, S9H 3X2 Saskatchewan, Canada Author-Name: C. POZNIAK Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Author-Name: H.S. RANDHAWA Author-Workplace-Name: Lethbridge Research Centre, AAFC, Lethbridge, AB, Canada Author-Name: D.B. FOWLER Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Author-Name: R.J. GRAF Author-Workplace-Name: Lethbridge Research Centre, AAFC, Lethbridge, AB, Canada Author-Name: P. HUCL Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Title: New breeding tools impact Canadian commercial farmer fields Abstract: The high cost of cultivar development encourages efficiencies to reduce time and costs to develop cultivars. Doubled haploid (DH) technology and marker assisted breeding (MAB) are two such tools that improve efficiencies. Since 1997, twenty five wheat cultivars in seven market classes, developed using DH methods, have been registered by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. These DH cultivars accounted for more than one third of the Canadian wheat acreage in 2009. The DH cultivar Lillian, eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Spring class and currently the most widely grown wheat cultivar in Canada, was developed using MAB to improve grain protein content with the Gpc-B1/Yr36 on chromosome 6BS introgressed from Triticum turgidum L. (Zhuk.) dicoccoides (Körn. Ex Asch. & Graebn). AC Andrew, a Canada Western Soft White spring DH cultivar, was the most widely grown cultivar in its class for the last two years. The new market class, Canada Western Hard White Spring wheat, is based entirely on DH cultivars. Goodeve, one of the first Canada Western Red Spring cultivars released with the gene Sm1 on chromosome 2BS for resistance to the orange wheat blossom midge (Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin)) was selected by application of the DNA marker WM1. Glencross, the first cultivar in the Canada Western Extra Strong wheat class with Sm1, was selected using the WM1 marker on haploid plants prior to doubling. Development of the durum wheat cultivars CDC Verona and Brigade involved the use of a marker for Cdu1, a major gene on chromosome 5B that regulates grain cadmium concentration. Marker technology permits a more strategic and integrated approach to breeding by quantifying the introgression of various key genes into advanced breeding material, identifying targeted loci in parents and following up with MAB in the progeny. Keywords: doubled haploid, field-ready cultivars, marker assisted breeding, wheat Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S28-S34 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3250-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3250-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0020.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3250-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H.-J. Braun Title: Norman Borlaug's legacy and the urgent need for continuing innovative wheat technology Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S3-S5 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3247-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3247-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3247-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. De BUSTOS Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; e-mail: alfredo.bustos@uah.es Author-Name: R. PÉREZ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; e-mail: alfredo.bustos@uah.es Author-Name: A. CUADRADO Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; e-mail: alfredo.bustos@uah.es Author-Name: N. JOUVE Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; e-mail: alfredo.bustos@uah.es Title: The MRN complex of wheat Abstract: The MRN complex is formed by the interaction of the products of the Mre11, Rad50 and Nbs1 genes. This complex plays a central role on repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) and acts in a great number of cellular processes. In this study we have performed the analysis of the MRN complex in diploid and polyploid species of wheat. The molecular characterization was carried out in the diploid T. monococcum (genome A) and Ae. tauschii (genome D) and in the tetraploid T. turgidum (genomes A and B). The results obtained showed that in all cases the genes presented the main characteristics previously described in other species. A modified FISH protocol was used to locate the Rad50, Mre11 and the Nbs1 genes on the homoeologous chromosomes 5, 2 and 1, respectively. Analysis of expression showed that the hexaploid T. aestivum was the species with the higher level of expression whereas the rest of the species analysed showed no relation with its ploidy. Also, quantification of the expression of each homoeologous gene in the polyploid species evidenced in some cases a process of silencing after polyploidization. The study of the interaction between the proteins demonstrated that the interaction of proteins was not restricted to each genome, detecting interaction between proteins belonging to different genomes. Keywords: homoeologues, homologues, Mre11, MRN, Nbs1, Rad50 Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S35-S38 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3251-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3251-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0022.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3251-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. CIVEIRA Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Suelos INTA Castelar, Las Cabañas y los Reseros s/n, 1712 Villa Udaondo, Argentina; e-mail: gciveira@cnia.inta.gov.ar Title: Estimation of carbon inputs to soils from wheat in the Pampas Region, Argentina Abstract: Recently soils have gained more attention within the global change debate as the largest terrestrial carbon (C) pool. Different soils and vegetation types have substantial impacts on many of the processes that take place in the ecosystem functioning and thus in soil organic C stocks. An accurate estimation of vegetation C inputs to soils may aid in more precise estimation of the future release or sequestration of soil organic C. Wheat production affects C inputs and thus soil C sequestration in soils. The objective of this research was to evaluate C inputs by wheat, from 1993 to 2002 in the Pampas Region. The estimated C input rate by wheat was greater in the humid subregion than in the semiarid subregion: 0.9 and 0.75 Mg C/ha/year, correspondingly. This pattern agrees with the observation that precipitation constrains plant production in arid to subhumid ecosystems. The average organic C input by wheat into the soils throughout the period was 8.1 Mg C/ha in the humid subregion and, 6.75 Mg C/ha in the semiarid subregion. Keywords: Pampas Region, soil organic carbon, wheat Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S39-S42 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3252-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3252-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0023.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3252-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. BÖRNER Author-Workplace-Name: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; 2Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Author-Name: K. NEUMANN Author-Workplace-Name: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; 2Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Author-Name: B. KOBILJSKI Author-Workplace-Name: 1000 Novi Sad, Serbia; e-mail: boerner@ipk-gatersleben.de Title: Wheat genetic resources - how to exploit? Abstract: It is estimated that world-wide existing germplasm collections contain about 7.5 million accessions of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Wheat (Triticum and Aegilops) represents the biggest group comprising 900 000 accessions. However, such a huge number of accessions is hindering a successful exploitation of the germplasm. The creation of core collections representing a wide spectrum of the genetic variation of the whole assembly may help to overcome the problem. Here we demonstrate the successful utilisation of such a core collection for the identification and molecular mapping of genes (Quantitative Trait Loci) determining the agronomic traits flowering time and grain yield, exploiting a marker-trait-association based technique. Significant marker-trait associations were obtained and are presented. The intrachromosomal location of many of these associations coincided with those of already identified major genes or quantitative trait loci, but others were detected in regions where no known genes have been located to date. Keywords: association mapping, ex situ collections, flowering time, genetic resources, grain yield Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S43-S48 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3253-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3253-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0024.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3253-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I.N. Leonova Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Author-Name: E.B. Budashkina Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Author-Name: N.P. Kalinina Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Author-Name: M.S. Röder Author-Workplace-Name: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany Author-Name: A. Börner Author-Workplace-Name: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany Author-Name: E.A. Salina Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Title: Triticum aestivum × Triticum timopheevii introgression lines as a source of pathogen resistance genes Abstract: A collection of introgression lines was obtained from crosses of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with tetraploid wheat Triticum timopheevii (Zhuk.). Evaluation of resistance to fungal diseases revealed the lines with resistance to leaf and stem rusts, powdery mildew, spot blotch, and loose smut, the most widespread in Siberian region of Russia. Localization of the T. timopheevii genome fragments by means of microsatellite markers determined higher frequency of substitutions and translocations on chromosomes 1А, 2A, 2B, 5A, 5B and 6B. Molecular mapping of the loci determining leaf rust resistance revealed two independent loci on chromosomes 5B and 2A. The major locus on 5BS.5BL-5GL translocated chromosome accounting 64% of the phenotypic variance of the trait was found to be closely linked to microsatellite markers Xgwm814 and Xgwm1257. The other, minor locus, controlling 11% of the trait was mapped next to Xgwm312 on chromosome 2A. Microsatellite markers located near these genes may be used for controlling the transfer of valuable traits in new wheat cultivars. Keywords: introgression lines, leaf rust, microsatellite markers, powdery mildew, stem rust, T. timopheevii Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S49-S55 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3254-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3254-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0025.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3254-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N.N. SAULESCU Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural Research and Development Institute Fundulea, 915200 Fundulea, Romania; e-mail: n.n.saulescu@gmail.com Author-Name: G. ITTU Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural Research and Development Institute Fundulea, 915200 Fundulea, Romania; e-mail: n.n.saulescu@gmail.com Author-Name: M. CIUCA Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural Research and Development Institute Fundulea, 915200 Fundulea, Romania; e-mail: n.n.saulescu@gmail.com Author-Name: M. ITTU Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural Research and Development Institute Fundulea, 915200 Fundulea, Romania; e-mail: n.n.saulescu@gmail.com Author-Name: G. SERBAN Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural Research and Development Institute Fundulea, 915200 Fundulea, Romania; e-mail: n.n.saulescu@gmail.com Author-Name: P. MUSTATEA Author-Workplace-Name: National Agricultural Research and Development Institute Fundulea, 915200 Fundulea, Romania; e-mail: n.n.saulescu@gmail.com Title: Transferring useful rye genes to wheat, using triticale as a bridge Abstract: Rye has already proven to be a good donor of genes for improving important traits and diversity in wheat breeding. The agronomic advantages of wheat-rye translocations, as well as their detrimental pleiotropic effects,were shown to be dependent on the source of the transferred rye chromatin. This justifies continued effort for introgression of rye genes from various sources into various wheat backgrounds. There are still many genes of interest for wheat improvement, not yet transferred, that are available in the rye genome. This paper describes the strategy applied at the National Agricultural Research and Development Institute Fundulea (Romania), to take advantage of the existence of intensive breeding programs in both winter wheat and triticale, and presents some of the results obtained so far by applying this strategy, in obtaining lines with common bunt, barley yellow dwarf (BYDV) and other diseases resistances, as well as improved seedling vigour and crop spectral reflectance. Keywords: Albedo, bunt, BYDV, markers, vigour Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S56-S62 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3255-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3255-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0026.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3255-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. G. PARDEY Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108 USA; Title: A strategic look at global wheat production, productivity and R&D developments Abstract: The 20th century began with a rapid ramping up of national investments in and institutions engaged with research for food and agriculture. As the 21st century unfolds, the global science and agricultural development landscapes are changing in substantive ways, with important implications for the funding, conduct and institutional arrangements affecting research for food and agriculture. Wheat improvement research is part of this broader agricultural innovation landscape. While there is a general consensus that the present and prospective future of the agricultural sciences bears little resemblance to the situations that prevailed in the formative years of today's food and agricultural research policies and institutions, many of these changes are poorly understood or only beginning to play out. This paper reports on selected new and emerging empirical evidence to calibrate the strategic private and public choices being made regarding wheat research in particular and food and agricultural R&D more generally. Keywords: lags, private, productivity, public, spatial, spillovers, technology regulation Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S6-S19 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3248-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3248-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0027.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3248-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. SIN Author-Workplace-Name: Centre UdL-IRTA, E-25198 Lérida, Spain Author-Name: J. DEL MORAL Author-Workplace-Name: S.E.C.T.I. Junta de Extremadura, E-06080 Badajoz, Spain Author-Name: P. HERNÁNDEZ Author-Workplace-Name: Departamento de Biotecnología, ETSI Agrónomos, UPM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain Author-Name: E. BENAVENTE Author-Workplace-Name: Departamento de Biotecnología, ETSI Agrónomos, UPM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain Author-Name: M. RUBIO Author-Workplace-Name: Departamento de Biotecnología, ETSI Agrónomos, UPM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain Author-Name: J.A. MARTÍN-SÁNCHEZ Author-Workplace-Name: Centre UdL-IRTA, E-25198 Lérida, Spain Author-Name: R.F. PÉREZ Author-Workplace-Name: S.E.C.T.I. Junta de Extremadura, E-06080 Badajoz, Spain Author-Name: I. LÓPEZ-BRAÑA Author-Workplace-Name: Departamento de Biotecnología, ETSI Agrónomos, UPM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain Author-Name: A. DELIBES Author-Workplace-Name: Departamento de Biotecnología, ETSI Agrónomos, UPM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain Title: Effects of the 4Nv chromosome from Aegilops ventricosa on agronomic and quality traits in bread wheat Abstract: Advanced wheat lines carrying the Hessian fly resistance gene H27 were obtained by backcrossing the wheat/Aegilops ventricosa introgression line, H-93-33, to commercial wheat cultivars as recurrent parents. The Acph-Nv1 marker linked to the gene H27 on the 4Nv chromosome of this line was used for marker assisted selection. Advanced lines were evaluated for Hessian fly resistance in field and growth chamber tests, and for other agronomic traits during several crop seasons at different localities of Spain. The hessian fly resistance levels of lines carrying the 4Nv chromosome introgression (4D/4Nv substitution and recombination lines that previously were classified by in situ hybridisation) were high, but always lower than that of their Ae. ventricosa progenitor. Introgression lines had higher grain yields in infested field trials than those without the 4Nv chromosome and their susceptible parents, but lower grain yields under high yield potential conditions. The 4Nv introgression was also associated with later heading, and lower tiller and grain numbers/m2. In addition, it was associated with longer and more lax spikes, and higher values of grain weight and grain protein content. However, the glutenin and gliadin expression, as well as the bread-making performance, were similar to those of their recurrent parents. Keywords: Hessian fly, introgression, plant breeding, powdery mildew, resistance gene Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S63-S66 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3256-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3256-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0028.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3256-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. E. RADCHENKO Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics, N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Industry, St. Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: Eugene_Radchenko@rambler.ru Title: Resistance of Triticum species to cereal aphids Abstract: The resistance of Triticum ssp. to English grain aphid (Sitobion avenae F.) and bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) has been studied in different regions of Russia and the former Soviet Union. The dependence of resistance to aphids on the wheat genome constitution was determined. Diploid species with genomes Au (Triticum urartu) and Ab (T. boeoticum, T. monococcum) are the most resistant. Possessing a D genome in the species T. kiharae and T. miguschovae gives high resistance. Resistance controlled by the G genome is overcome by the pests. Keywords: plant resistance, Rhopalosiphum padi, Sitobion avenae, wheat Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S67-S70 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3257-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3257-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0029.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3257-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. DVOŘÁČEK Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic; e-mail: dvoracek@vurv.cz Author-Name: L. DOTLAČIL Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic; e-mail: dvoracek@vurv.cz Author-Name: J. HERMUTH Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic; e-mail: dvoracek@vurv.cz Author-Name: A. PROHASKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic; e-mail: dvoracek@vurv.cz Author-Name: Z. STEHNO Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic; e-mail: dvoracek@vurv.cz Author-Name: L. SVOBODOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, 161 06 Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic; e-mail: dvoracek@vurv.cz Title: The utilization of wheat genetic resources in breeding for bread-making quality Abstract: This paper describes the structure and content of the Czech wheat germplasm collection. The collection, at present, includes 10 800 wheat accessions. Evaluation data, of variable content are available on 73% of the accessions, pedigree data on 80% of released cultivars. The annual distribution of seed samples to users amounts to about 1200 accessions. Attention is paid to increasing the value of the collection for users by way of deeper evaluation and choice of donors for important characters. With this intention, 8 modern cultivars (most of them with high bread-making quality) and 20 genetic lines derived from European landraces and obsolete cultivars were tested in field trials carried out over two years in Prague-Ruzyně. As expected, modern cultivars were superior in almost all of the agronomic characters evaluated. However, older lines showed significantly higher protein contents, and some of them also had a higher wet gluten content, gluten index and Zeleny sedimentation volume. However, low variability was found for starch content. Some lines with high protein content had an acceptable productivity, and could also meet acceptable levels for other quality characters. Satisfactory performance was found in lines such as Viglašská červenoklasá 12/B, Szekacz 19 37/B, Mindeszentpusztai 44/B, Szekacz 1242 47/E, Ukrajinka 52/A and Eszterhazi Mindenes 117/C. Among the new, more productive cultivars, Bohemia, RU 440-6 and Akteur combine high quality of gluten with relatively higher protein content. Selected genotypes will be further tested in a broader range of environments. Keywords: agronomic characters, grain quality, landraces and obsolete cultivars, wheat Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S71-S76 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3258-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3258-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0030.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3258-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P.S. BAENZIGER Author-Workplace-Name: University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583-0915 Lincoln, USA Author-Name: I. DWEIKAT Author-Workplace-Name: University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583-0915 Lincoln, USA Author-Name: K. GILL Author-Workplace-Name: Washington State University, WA 99164-6420 Pullman, USA Author-Name: K. ESKRIDGE Author-Workplace-Name: University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583-0915 Lincoln, USA Author-Name: T. BERKE Author-Workplace-Name: Monsanto Vegetable Seeds, 37437 State Highway 16, CA 95695 Woodland, USA Author-Name: M. SHAH Author-Workplace-Name: Biotechnology Program, Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, University Road, Tobe Camp, Abbottabad, Pakistan Author-Name: B.T. CAMPBELL Author-Workplace-Name: USDA-ARS, 11 W. Lucas St., SC 29501 Florence, USA Author-Name: M.L. ALI Author-Workplace-Name: University of Arkansas, Rice Research and Extension Center, 2900 Highway 130E, AR 72160 Stuttgart, USA Author-Name: N. MENGISTU Author-Workplace-Name: University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583-0915 Lincoln, USA Author-Name: A. MAHMOOD Author-Workplace-Name: Barani Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 35, 48800 Chakwal, Pakistan Author-Name: A. AUVUCHANON Author-Workplace-Name: University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583-0915 Lincoln, USA Author-Name: Y. YEN Author-Workplace-Name: South Dakota State University, SD 57007 Brookings, USA Author-Name: S. RUSTGI Author-Workplace-Name: Washington State University, WA 99164-6420 Pullman, USA Author-Name: B. MORENO-SEVILLA Author-Workplace-Name: Westbred, 6025 W 300 South, IN 47909 Lafayette, USA Author-Name: A. MUJEEB-KAZI Author-Name: M.R. MORRIS Author-Workplace-Name: University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68583-0915 Lincoln, USA Title: Understanding grain yield: it is a journey, not a destination Abstract: Approximately 20 years ago, we began our efforts to understand grain yield in winter wheat using chromosome substitution lines between Cheyenne (CNN) and Wichita (WI). We found that two chromosome substitutions, 3A and 6A, greatly affected grain yield. CNN(WI3A) and CNN(WI6A) had 15 to 20% higher grain yield than CNN, whereas WI(CNN3A) and WI(CNN6A) had 15 to 20% lower grain yield than WI. The differences in grain yield are mainly expressed in higher yielding environments (e.g. eastern Nebraska) indicating genotype by environment interactions (G × E). In studies using hybrid wheat, the gene action for grain yield on these chromosomes was found to be mainly controlled by additive gene action. In subsequent studies, we developed recombinant inbred chromosome lines (RICLs) using monosomics or doubled haploids. In extensive studies we found that two regions on 3A affect grain yield in the CNN(RICLs-3A) with the positive QTLs coming from WI. In WI(RICLs-3A), we found a main region on 3A that affected grain yield with the negative QTL coming from CNN. The 3A region identified using WI(RICLs-3A) coincided with one of the regions previously identified in CNN(RICLs-3A). As expected the QTLs have their greatest effect in higher-yielding environments and also exhibit QTL × E. Using molecular markers on chromosomes 3A and 6A, the favorable alleles on 3A in Wichita may be from Turkey Red, the original hard red winter wheat in the Great Plains and presumably the original source of the favorable alleles. Cheyenne, a selection from Crimea, did not have the favorable alleles. In studying modern cultivars, many high yielding cultivars adapted to eastern Nebraska have the WI-allele indicating that it was selected for in breeding higher yielding cultivars. However, some modern cultivars adapted to western Nebraska where the QTL has less effect retain the CNN-allele, presumably because the allele has less effect (is less important in improving grain yield). In addition many modern cultivars have neither the WI-allele, nor the CNN-allele indicating we have diversified our germplasm and new alleles have been brought into the breeding program in this region. Keywords: breeding, genetics, molecular markers, Triticum aestivum L., wheat Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S77-S84 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3259-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3259-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0031.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3259-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y. SHAVRUKOV Author-Workplace-Name: Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, University of Adelaide Author-Name: N. SHAMAYA Author-Workplace-Name: Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, University of Adelaide Author-Name: M. BAHO Author-Workplace-Name: Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, University of Adelaide Author-Name: J. EDWARDS Author-Workplace-Name: Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, University of Adelaide Author-Workplace-Name: Australian Grain Technology Author-Name: C. RAMSEY Author-Workplace-Name: Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, University of Adelaide Author-Name: E. NEVO Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 31999 Haifa, Israel Author-Name: P. LANGRIDGE Author-Workplace-Name: Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, University of Adelaide Author-Name: M. TESTER Author-Workplace-Name: Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, University of Adelaide Title: Salinity tolerance and Na+ exclusion in wheat: variability, genetics, mapping populations and QTL analysis Abstract: A wide range of variability in both Na+ exclusion and salinity tolerance was shown in Triticum dicoccoides and the best performing genotype, from Getit, was identified for further study and for crossing. In bread wheat, plants BC6F1 from the cross Chinese Spring/line SQ1 showed less variability, but the line 1868 was identified as a potential source of tissue tolerance to salinity. Two Afghani durum landraces were identified among 179 screened, with approximately 50% lower Na+ accumulation in shoots. Genetic analysis of F2 progenies between landraces and durum wheat showed clear segregation indicating on the single, major salinity tolerance gene in the landraces. Further genetic and molecular analysis of the candidate gene and its localization is in the progress. QTL analysis of two non-pedigree related mapping populations of bread wheat, Cranbrook × Halberd and Excalibur × Kukri, showed one QTL in each population on the same region of chromosome 7AS, independent of year or growing conditions (both supported hydroponics and field trials), and a novel gene is expected to be associated with this QTL. Keywords: genetics, mapping populations, Na+ exclusion, QTL analysis, salinity tolerance, variability Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S85-S93 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3260-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3260-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0032.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3260-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. KHURANA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, 10021 New Delhi, India Author-Name: H. CHAUHAN Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, 10021 New Delhi, India Author-Name: N. KHURANA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, 10021 New Delhi, India Title: Characterization and expression of high temperature stress responsive genes in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Abstract: To elucidate the effects of high temperatures, wheat plants (Triticum aestivum cv. CPAN 1676) were given heat shocks at 37°C and 42°C for two hours, and responsive genes were identified through PCR-Select Subtraction technology. Four subtractive cDNA libraries, including three forward and one reverse subtraction, were constructed from three different developmental stages. A total of 5500 ESTs were generated and 3516 high quality ESTs were submitted to Genbank. More than one third of the ESTs generated fall in unknown/no hit categories upon a homology search through BLAST analysis. A large number of high temperature responsive genes have been identified and characterized. Reverse subtraction analysis in developing grains showed extensive transcriptional changes upon heat stress as revealed by comparative analysis with forward subtraction. Differential expression was confirmed by cDNA macroarray and by northern/RT-PCR analysis. Expression analysis of wheat plants subjected to high temperature stress, after one and four days of recovery, showed fast recovery in seedling tissues. However, recovery was small in the developing seed tissue after two hours of heat stress. Ten selected genes were analysed in further detail by quantitative real-time PCR in an array of 35 different wheat tissues representing major developmental stages as well as different abiotic stresses. Tissue specificity was examined along with cross talk with other abiotic stresses and putative signalling molecules. The results obtained contribute towards understanding the regulation of genes at different developmental stages in wheat crucial to withstanding and recovery from heat stress. Keywords: abiotic stress, heat stress, transcriptome analysis, wheat Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S94-S97 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3261-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3261-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0033.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3261-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.B. GOODWIN Author-Workplace-Name: USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, Purdue University, 47907-2054 West Lafayette, Indiana, USA; e-mail: sgoodwin@purdue.edu, Steve.Goodwin@ARS.USDA.gov Author-Name: I. THOMPSON Author-Workplace-Name: USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, Purdue University, 47907-2054 West Lafayette, Indiana, USA; e-mail: sgoodwin@purdue.edu, Steve.Goodwin@ARS.USDA.gov Title: Development of isogenic lines for resistance to Septoria tritici blotch in wheat Abstract: Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola (asexual stage: Septoria tritici), is one of the most economically important diseases of wheat worldwide. During the past decade 13 genes for resistance to STB have been identified and several molecular markers have been developed. However, analysis of resistance gene expression and utility for plant improvement programs would be increased if the resistance genes were isolated in a common susceptible background. To address this problem, a program was begun to backcross resistance genes Stb1-8 into two susceptible wheat cultivars. Work with genes Stb2, Stb3, Stb6 and Stb8 has proceeded the farthest. Resistance gene Stb3 is dominant, while Stb2 may be recessive. This will be the first report of recessive resistance to STB if confirmed. Molecular markers linked to the resistance genes are being validated in the backcross progeny and should provide the materials for efficient introgression of these genes into elite germplasm for future wheat improvement. Keywords: marker-assisted selection, molecular markers, Mycosphaerella graminicola, STB Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: S98-S101 Volume: 47 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/3262-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3262-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201110-0034.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:47:y:2011:i:SpecialIssue:id:3262-CJGPB