Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allah Bakhsh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Author-Workplace-Name: National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Author-Name: Tayyab Husnain Author-Workplace-Name: National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Title: Endeavours of RuBisCO small subunit promoter as a tool of green tissue specific expression Abstract: Transcriptomics has the potential to rapidly increase our knowledge of spatial and temporal gene expression and contributes to the characterization of new promoters for research and development. The successful application of transgenic technology has been further strengthened by the availability of a broad spectrum of promoters having the ability to regulate the temporal and spatial expression patterns of the transgene. A variety of promoters is necessary at all levels of genetic engineering in plants, from basic research discoveries, to development of economically viable crops and plant commodities, to addressing legitimate concerns raised about the safety and containment of transgenic plants in the environment. Compared with the temporal- or spatial-specific expression of the toxin, constitutive expression of foreign proteins in transgenic plants may cause adverse effects. Constitutive overexpression of transgenes that interfere with normal processes in a plant underscores the need for refinement of transgene expression. The development of tissue-specific promoters to drive transgene expression has helped us to fulfil that need. Therefore, in certain circumstances, it is desirable to use expression-specific promoters which express only the foreign gene in specific plant tissues or organs. This review highlights the uses and benefits reaped by researchers by using a green tissue specific promoter, RuBisCO small subunit promoter, in different crops and systems and thus establishing a broad range of tissue specific promoters. Such plant promoters that are activated precisely when and where they are needed would be ideal for genetic engineering strategies. Keywords: constitutive expression, rbcS promoter, spatio-temporal expression Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 1-9 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/34/2011-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/34/2011-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201201-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:48:y:2012:i:1:id:34-2011-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Delfina Barabaschi Author-Workplace-Name: CRA - Genomics Research Centre, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy Author-Name: Enrico Francia Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy Author-Name: Alessandro TONDELLI Author-Workplace-Name: CRA - Genomics Research Centre, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy Author-Name: Alberto GIANINETTI Author-Workplace-Name: CRA - Genomics Research Centre, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy Author-Name: Antonio M. STANCA Author-Workplace-Name: CRA - Genomics Research Centre, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy Author-Name: Nicola PECCHIONI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy Title: Effect of the nud gene on grain yield in barley Abstract: Naked barleys are less yielding than the hulled ones while the reason for this difference has not been definitely clarified. To investigate the effect of the nud gene on yield, a barley doubled haploid (DH, Proctor × Nudinka) population was initially tested in three environments and a QTL study was run on the entire population as well as on two nud/NUD DH subpopulations. Among the agronomic traits studied, a QTL effect was found at nud locus on chromosome 7H only for yield and thousand grain weight (TGW), while a second QTL was found on 6H, although contributed by the naked parent. Other QTLs for TGW were identified on 2H, 3H and 5H. Most QTLs found in the entire population were confirmed by the study on the two groups. No interaction was observed between QTLs. To provide a more accurate evaluation of the effects of the nud gene upon grain yield, its components and other agronomic traits, sixteen naked advanced backcross (AB) BC5F2 lines in the hulled background of cultivar Arda were prepared and evaluated in a replicated yield trial for two years. The only differences found between AB lines and Arda in grain yield and TGW were due to hull weight (11.97% of kernel weight). No differences were observed in other traits such as grains/m2, grains per spike, plant height, heading date and mildew resistance. In conclusion, we think to have clarified that the effect of the nud gene on yield is due to hulls, and we did not find any pleiotropic effect of nud on other traits. This suggests, together with the finding of a QTL contributed by the naked parent, that there is a great potential to improve naked barley up to the yield levels of hulled barley. Keywords: advanced backcross lines, doubled haploids, naked barley, nud gene, QTL mapping, yield Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 10-22 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/117/2011-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/117/2011-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201201-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:48:y:2012:i:1:id:117-2011-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ines Bellil Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Genetics Biochemistry and Plant Biotechnologies, Faculty of the Sciences of Nature and Life, Mentouri University, Constantine, Algeria Author-Name: Mohammed Chekara Bouziani Author-Workplace-Name: Department of the Sciences of Nature and Life, Faculty of precise Sciences and the Sciences of Nature and Life, Mohamed Khider University, Biskra, Algeria Author-Name: Douadi Khelifi Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Genetics Biochemistry and Plant Biotechnologies, Faculty of the Sciences of Nature and Life, Mentouri University, Constantine, Algeria Title: Genetic diversity of high and low molecular weight glutenin subunits in Saharan bread and durum wheats from Algerian oases Abstract: Saharan wheats have been studied particularly from a botanical viewpoint. Genotypic identification, classification and genetic diversity studies to date were essentially based on the morphology of the spike and grain. For this, the allelic variation at the glutenin loci was studied in a set of Saharan bread and durum wheats from Algerian oases where this crop has been traditionally cultivated. The high molecular weight and low molecular weight glutenin subunit composition of 40 Saharan bread and 30 durum wheats was determined by SDS-PAGE. In Saharan bread wheats 32 alleles at the six glutenin loci were detected, which in combination resulted in 36 different patterns including 17 for HMW and 23 for LMW glutenin subunits. For the Saharan durum wheats, 29 different alleles were identified for the five glutenin loci studied. Altogether, 29 glutenin patterns were detected, including 13 for HMW-GS and 20 for LMW-GS. Three new alleles were found in Saharan wheats, two in durum wheat at the Glu-B1 and Glu-B3 loci, and one in bread wheat at the Glu-B1 locus. The mean indices of genetic variation at the six loci in bread wheat and at the five loci in durum wheat were 0.59 and 0.63, respectively, showing that Saharan wheats were more diverse. This information could be useful to select Saharan varieties with improved quality and also as a source of genes to develop new lines when breeding for quality. Keywords: allelic variation, genetic diversity, glutenin subunits, polymorphism, Saharan wheats Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 23-32 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/105/2011-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/105/2011-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201201-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:48:y:2012:i:1:id:105-2011-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Masoud TOHIDFAR Author-Workplace-Name: Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Karaj, Iran Author-Name: Robabeh HOSSAINI Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Author-Name: Nemat SHOKHANDAN BASHIR Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Author-Name: Tabatabaei MEISAM Author-Workplace-Name: Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Karaj, Iran Title: Enhanced resistance to Verticillium dahliae in transgenic cotton expressing an endochitinase gene from Phaseolus vulgaris Abstract: The cotton wilt disease caused by the fungus Verticillium dahliae reduces total yield and quality in cotton worldwide. Since traditional breeding has achieved only low levels of wilt resistance, we used a transgenic approach to produce wilt tolerant cotton. We produced fertile transgenic T2 cotton lines by Agrobacterium-mediated transfer of an endochitinase gene from Phaseolus. Transgene integration and expression were confirmed by PCR amplification, Southern blot and Western blot analyses. Seedlings of homozygous T2 plants with high levels of chitinase expression were evaluated for their tolerance to Verticillium dahliae by infecting them with a spore suspension in a greenhouse. The transgenic plants demonstrated higher degrees of tolerance to the fungus than non-transgenic plants, as measured by foliar disease symptoms, vascular discoloration and plant height. Transgenic plants were also taller than the control ones and are currently being grown in the greenhouse and will be crossed with Iranian cotton breeding lines in a future study. Keywords: fungal disease, Gossypium hirsutum, induced resistance, transgenesis Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 33-41 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/89/2011-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/89/2011-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201201-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:48:y:2012:i:1:id:89-2011-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oldřich NAVRÁTIL Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr BUCHER Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research Institute Ltd., Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Name: Josef VACEK Author-Workplace-Name: Potato Research Institute Ltd., Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Title: Transgene coding of a key enzyme of the glycolytic pathway helps to decrease sugar content in potato tubers Abstract: Cold-stored potato tubers gradually accumulate reducing sugars. A proposed reason is a cold-induced blocking of glycolysis. The introduction and expression of the bacterial gene Lbpfk coding for cold-tolerant phosphofructokinase might counteract this effect. We have recently introduced this gene into several Czech potato cultivars. The obtained transgenic lines were then tested for three years in field trials. In 17 transgenic lines derived from two of the cultivars we have investigated the accumulation of reducing sugars during two and four months of cold storage. Although in all transgenic lines the sugar content still increased between the 2nd and the 4th month of cold-storage, the level of reducing sugars was in all transgenic lines after both two and four months of cold storage considerably lower than in the original cultivars. The extent of sugar accumulation was also influenced by the parental genotype. No significant differences in sugar accumulation were observed between the transgenic lines from the same parent. Keywords: Lactobacillus bulgaricus, low temperature sweetening, phosphofructokinase, transgenic potato Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 42-45 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/147/2011-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/147/2011-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201201-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:48:y:2012:i:1:id:147-2011-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Hasalová Author-Name: R. Trojan Author-Name: R. Dostálová Title: Green pea variety Twinset Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 46-47 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/167/2011-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/167/2011-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:48:y:2012:i:1:id:167-2011-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Šafaříková Title: List of field crop varieties registered in the Czech Republic in 2011 Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 48-49 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/52/2012-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/52/2012-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:48:y:2012:i:1:id:52-2012-CJGPB