Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ugur BAL Author-Workplace-Name: Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna University, Vienna, Austria Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey Author-Name: Mehran E. SHARIATPANAHI Author-Workplace-Name: Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna University, Vienna, Austria Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Tissue Culture and Gene Transformation, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran Author-Name: Antonio J. CASTRO Author-Workplace-Name: Sexual Plant Reproduction Laboratory, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Granada, Spain Author-Name: Delphine EMERY Author-Workplace-Name: University of Reims, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Lab of Plant Stress Defense and Reproduction, Reims Cedex, France$3 Author-Name: Christophe CLÉMENT Author-Workplace-Name: University of Reims, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Lab of Plant Stress Defense and Reproduction, Reims Cedex, France$3 Author-Name: Maryam DEHESTANI-ARDAKANI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Tissue Culture and Gene Transformation, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran Author-Name: Khadijeh MOZAFFARI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Tissue Culture and Gene Transformation, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran Author-Name: Alisher TOURAEV Author-Workplace-Name: Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna University, Vienna, Austria Title: Pseudo-embryogenic structures in anther and isolated microspore cultures in vitro: a cautionary guide Abstract: This review describes sources of structures of non-microspore origin observed in anther and microspore cultures. Various characteristics of these structures may cause a wrong diagnosis of these structures as embryos or cell/tissue clusters of microspore origin. Here we suggest such structures to be named as pseudo-embryogenic structures. The introduction of pseudo-embryogenic structures and their origins could be helpful to distinguish them from true microspore-derived structures. Prompted by certain environmental cues, somatic cells existing as a contamination in immature pollen (microspores) cultures can lead to the formation of 'pseudo-embryos' commonly known as embryoids. The pseudo-embryogenic structures may be classified in the following groups: (i) pseudo-star-like structures; pseudo-multicellular structures; (ii) pseudo-embryos with pseudo-suspensors; (iii) contaminating bacteria appearing as callus colonies; (iv) calli and embryos of somatic origin; (v) giant tetrad-like structures; (vi) anther wall cells. The exact origin of these structures is discussed in this paper, and some recommendations are proposed in order to avoid misinterpretation. Keywords: anther culture, microspore embryogenesis, pseudo-embryogenic structures Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 51-60 Volume: 48 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/176/2011-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/176/2011-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201202-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:48:y:2012:i:2:id:176-2011-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaroslava CIESLAROVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Biotechnology, Agritec Plant Research, Ltd., Šumperk, Czech Republic Author-Name: Miroslav HÝBL Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Legumes and Technical Crops and Author-Name: Miroslav GRIGA Author-Name: Petr SMÝKAL Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Title: Molecular analysis of temporal genetic structuring in pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars bred in the Czech Republic and in former Czechoslovakia since the mid-20th century Abstract: Changes in genetic diversity of peas bred in the Czech Republic and in former Czechoslovakia since the mid-20th century were analysed using 38 molecular marker loci, including retrotransposons and microsatellites, differentiating a total of 84 alleles. Both marker types were comparably effective in revealing the genetic diversity, with a high correlation (r = 0.81), although the pairwise genetic distances of each marker type differed. In total, 175 accessions, selected from the Czech pea gene bank collection and representing the pea cultivars collected or bred in the country, were divided into three groups according to their date of sampling or variety registration. The first group contained 70 old cultivars and landraces collected prior to 1961. The second group contained 46 cultivars released from 1961 to 1980. The third group contained 59 cultivars released between 1981 and 2004. In spite of the decline in several diversity measures, differences in allele frequencies and even allele loss in three microsatellite loci were recorded over the 70-year period, while these differences between the groups were not statistically significant. In addition, genetic heterogeneity was detected in 29 accessions (15%). This indicates that although no genetic erosion could be observed since then, it is important to monitor the genetic diversity, furthermore it highlights the vital role of germplasm collections for the crop diversity conservation. Keywords: gene bank, genetic diversity, germplasm, microsatellites, pea, retrotransposons Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 61-73 Volume: 48 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/127/2011-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/127/2011-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201202-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:48:y:2012:i:2:id:127-2011-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: LI Qingzhu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China Author-Name: LI Yansu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China Author-Name: LI Chaohan Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China Author-Name: YU Xianchang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China Title: Enhanced ascorbic acid accumulation through overexpression of dehydroascorbate reductase confers tolerance to methyl viologen and salt stresses in tomato Abstract: As an important antioxidant for plants and humans, L-ascorbic acid (AsA, vitamin C) can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and can be regenerated from its oxidized form in a reaction catalyzed by dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR). To analyse the effect of overexpressing DHAR on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), an expression vector containing potato cytosolic DHAR (DHAR1) or chloroplastic DHAR (DHAR2) cDNA driven by a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter was transferred into tomato plants. Compared with the wild type (WT), DHAR1 overexpression increased DHAR activity and AsA content in both leaves and fruits, while DHAR2 overexpression increased DHAR activity and AsA content mainly in leaves. DHAR1 and DHAR2 overexpression increased the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of transgenic lines, but had no effect on plant height and stem diameter. Furthermore, the germination rate, plant fresh weight, seedling length and chlorophyll content of transgenic DHAR1 and DHAR2 plants under salt stress were higher than those of WT plants. In addition, the transgenic plants also exhibited considerable tolerance to oxidative damage induced by methyl viologen (MV). Taken together, these results indicated that overexpressing potato DHAR1 and DHAR2 enhanced the level of AsA in tomato and, consequently, increased the tolerance of tomato to salt and MV stress. Keywords: chloroplastic DHAR, cytosolic DHAR, oxidative damage, stress tolerance, vitamin C Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 74-86 Volume: 48 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/100/2011-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/100/2011-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201202-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:48:y:2012:i:2:id:100-2011-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shashi Kumar GUPTA Author-Workplace-Name: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India Author-Name: Kedar Nath RAI Author-Workplace-Name: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India Author-Name: Mahalingam GOVINDARAJ Author-Workplace-Name: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India Author-Name: Aluri Sambasiva RAO Author-Workplace-Name: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India Title: Genetics of fertility restoration of the A4 cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility system in pearl millet Abstract: Inheritance of fertility restoration of the A4 system of cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility in pearl millet was investigated using six crosses between two diverse male sterile lines (A-lines) and three diverse restorers (R-lines). The segregation pattern of male sterile (S) and male fertile (F) plants observed in F2, and BC1 in two seasons at ICRISAT, Patancheru, indicated the dominant single-gene control of male fertility restoration. The segregation pattern in BC1F2 progenies derived from the fertile BC1 plants evaluated for one season provided further evidence for the single-gene control. The season did not have much effect on fertility restoration. The information on the single-gene control of fertility restoration will help in diversifying the restorer genetic base of the A4 CMS system and enhance R-line breeding efficiency in pearl millet. Keywords: A4 cytoplasm, fertility restoration, inheritance, male sterility, Pennisetum glaucum Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 87-92 Volume: 48 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/164/2011-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/164/2011-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201202-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:48:y:2012:i:2:id:164-2011-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Josef HAKL Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forage Crops and Grassland Management and Author-Name: Kamila MÁŠKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forage Crops and Grassland Management and Author-Name: Jaromír ŠANTRŮČEK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forage Crops and Grassland Management and Author-Name: Miroslav FÉR Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Seed emergence of lucerne varieties under different soil conditions Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine in greenhouse experiments seed emergence of 14 lucerne varieties (mostly of the Czech origin) under different soil conditions (Luvisol, Chernozem and Cambisol). Soil conditions significantly influenced seed emergence in seven varieties. Their seed emergence was lower in Cambisol (72%) than in Chernozem (80%) and Luvisol (91%). In other varieties the soil effect was not significant. The effect of variety could not be separated from the effect of seed lot in our experiment. However, germination, occurrence of hard seeds, germinative energy and thousand-seed weight were not significantly different between the groups of varieties that could be classified as sensitive and tolerant to the examined soil conditions. The obtained results indicated that the selection of suitable lucerne variety or seed lot could be a tool for improving emergence in deteriorated soil conditions. Keywords: germination, hard seed, lucerne, Medicago sativa, soil effect Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 93-97 Volume: 48 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/8/2012-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8/2012-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201202-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:48:y:2012:i:2:id:8-2012-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Nesvadba Title: Hop varieties Bohemie and Saaz Late Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 98-99 Volume: 48 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/24/2012-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/24/2012-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:48:y:2012:i:2:id:24-2012-CJGPB