Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Griga Title: Biotechnology in Legume Breeding - International Workshop organised on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of agrobiological research and plant breeding at Šumperk Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 41-42 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/125/2014-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/125/2014-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:50:y:2014:i:2:id:125-2014-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Erik SCHWARZBACH Author-Workplace-Name: Miroslav, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr SMÝKAL Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ondřej DOSTÁL Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel Museum, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Michaela JARKOVSKÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel Museum, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Simona VALOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Gregor J. Mendel - genetics founding father Abstract: Mendel's impact on science is overwhelming. Although based on the number of scientific papers he published he might be considered a meteorologist, his most significant contribution is his study of plant hybrids. This single work puts Mendel on a par with Darwin's evolutionary theory and establishes him firmly in the frame of today's biology. The aim of this article is to introduce the personality of Gregor Johann Mendel, focussing not just on his scientific work, but also on his background and what or who influenced him. To understand Mendel's use of quantification and mathematical analysis of obtained results, representing a radical departure from methods of his predecessors, it is important to know something about their arguments, beliefs, and practices. He designed his experiments to answer a long standing question of hybridization, not inheritance as we perceive it today, since the science of genetics was born considerably later. He studied many genera of plants, but his famous research was on garden peas. To choose a single species for his crosses was fundamental to his success, but also fuelled most of criticism at the time he presented his results. The reason for his success was partly due to being a hybrid himself: of a biological scientist, a physical scientist and a mathematician. Mendel's other fields of interest such as meteorology and bee keeping are also introduced in this article. Keywords: heredity, hybridization, manuscript, Mendel, Pisum Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 43-51 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/54/2014-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/54/2014-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201402-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:50:y:2014:i:2:id:54-2014-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petr SMÝKAL Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Title: Pea (Pisum sativum L.) in biology prior and after Mendel's discovery Abstract: Pea (Pisum sativum L.) has been extensively used in early hybridization studies and it was the model organism of choice for Mendel's discovery of the laws of inheritance, making pea part of the foundation of modern genetics. Pea has also been used as model for experimental morphology and physiology. However, subsequent progress in pea genomics has lagged behind many other plant species, largely as a consequence of its genome size and low economic significance. The availability of the genome sequences of five legume species (Medicago truncatula, Lotus japonicus, Glycine max, Cajanus cajan and Cicer aerietinum) offers opportunities for genome wide comparison. The combination of a candidate gene and synteny approach has allowed the identification of genes underlying agronomically important traits such as virus resistances and plant architecture. Useful genomic resources already exist and include several types of molecular marker sets as well as both transcriptome and proteome datasets. The advent of greater computational power and access to diverse germplasm collections enable the use of association mapping to identify genetic variation related to desirable agronomic traits. Current genomic knowledge and technologies can facilitate the allele mining for novel traits and their incorporation from wild Pisum sp. into elite domestic backgrounds. Fast neutron and targeting-induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) pea mutant populations are available for reverse genetics approaches, BAC libraries for positional gene cloning as well as transgenic and in vitro regeneration for proof of function through gene silencing or over-expression. Finally, recently formed International Pea Genome Sequencing Consortium, holds promise to provide the pea genome sequence by 2015, a year of 150 anniversary of Mendel's work. Keywords: heredity, hybridization, legume, Mendel, pea Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 52-64 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/2/2014-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2/2014-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201402-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:50:y:2014:i:2:id:2-2014-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aleksandar MIKIĆ Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia Title: Grain legume crop history among Slavic nations traced using linguistic evidence Abstract: With Proto-Slavic and other Proto-Indo-European homelands close to each other and on the routes of domestication of the first cultivated grain legumes, now known as pulses, one may assume that the ancestors of the modern Slavic nations knew field beans, peas or lentils quite well. The main goal of this short note was to examine the origin and the diversity of the words denoting field bean, pea and lentil in most of the modern Slavic languages. The common ancestor of all modern Slavic words denoting field bean is the Proto-Slavic *bobŭ, derived from the Proto-Indo-European *bhabh-, bhabhā, also denoting field bean and meaning literally something swelling. The Proto-Slavic root *gorhŭ, denoting pea, is the origin of the words denoting pea in all the Slavic languages and was derived from the Proto-Indo-European *ghArs-, ghers-2, that denoted a leguminous plant in general. The words denoting lentil in the modern Slavic languages form two etymologically distinct groups. The first one owes the origin to the Proto-Slavic *lętjā, also denoting lentil and deriving from the Proto-Indo-European root *lent-, *lent-s-, with the same meaning. Another group has its origin in the Proto-Slavic *sočevicа, somehow related to the Proto-Slavic *sòkŭ, denoting juice. This short thesaurus is a testimony of the significant role the most ancient Eurasian grain legumes, such as field bean, pea and lentil, have been playing in the everyday life of the modern Slavic nations. Keywords: agricultural history, etymology, field bean, lentil, lexicology, pea, Slavic languages Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 65-68 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/212/2013-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/212/2013-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201402-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:50:y:2014:i:2:id:212-2013-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tomáš MORAVEC Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Noemi ČEŘOVSKÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The use of legume seed for expression and storage of high value proteins Abstract: There is an ever growing need for the use of recombinant proteins both in medicine and industry; however their widespread use is limited by the lack of production capacity. Transgenic plants offer the possibility to produce and deliver recombinant proteins on a large scale with low production costs and with minimal purification or enrichment requirements. Among crop plants, legumes have great potential as a protein production platform because of their naturally high protein content, nutritional value, independence of N-nutrition, pollen containment, available processing technology, storage stability etc. There have been several proof-of-principle attempts to produce large amounts of recombinant protein in seed of both soybean and pea, however, our knowledge of processes regulating the foreign protein production and deposition is still limited. Keywords: pea, pharming, protein bodies, soybean, vaccine Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 69-76 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/143/2013-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/143/2013-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201402-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:50:y:2014:i:2:id:143-2013-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Barbara PIWOWARCZYK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland Author-Name: Iwona KAMIŃSKA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland Author-Name: Wojciech RYBIŃSKI Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland Title: Influence of PEG generated osmotic stress on shoot regeneration and some biochemical parameters in Lathyrus culture Abstract: Several Lathyrus species and in particular Lathyrus sativus (grass pea) display much tolerance to drought and have great agronomic potential as grain and forage legumes. Studies on these crop species could improve our understanding of the mechanisms of plant resistance to water stress. This investigation was aimed at examining the effect of low water potential generated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 on seed germination, shoot regeneration and some biochemical parameters related to drought stress. Seeds of eight Lathyrus accessions (six of L. sativus, one of L. cicera, one of L. tingitanus) were cultured on MB (MS macro and microelements with B5 vitamins) medium with addition of 5 mg/l BAP (6-benzyloaminopurine). Different levels of water-stress were induced by using three concentrations of PEG 6000 (50, 100 and 150 g/l) in MB medium. Osmotic stress had no influence on seed germination of any of the accessions tested. However, an increased concentration of PEG in the media caused a decrease in the multiplication rate and vigour of newly regenerated shoots. The percentage content of dry matter and proline content in Lathyrus shoots increased significantly under osmotic stress. In turn, water stress had a little effect on photosynthetic pigments. Keywords: drought, grass pea, in vitro screening, multiplication rate, proline Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 77-83 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/110/2013-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/110/2013-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201402-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:50:y:2014:i:2:id:110-2013-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alina WISZNIEWSKA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Kraków, Poland Author-Name: Barbara PIWOWARCZYK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Kraków, Poland Title: Studies on cell wall regeneration in protoplast culture of legumes - the effect of organic medium additives on cell wall components Abstract: The cell wall regeneration in mesophyll protoplasts of yellow lupin and grass pea was studied. The occurrence of cell wall components: cellulose, callose and arabinogalactan proteins was analysed during 15 days of culture. Protoplasts were cultured in different media to test the effect of culture environment on the cell wall regeneration. Medium supplementation with 2 mg/l chitosan resulted in prolonged viability, more balanced cellulose resynthesis, increased callose formation and induction of mitotic divisions in protoplast-derived cells of both examined legumes. In chitosan-enriched medium arabinogalactan proteins were detected in cell plates of divided cells. Medium rich in additional organic compounds, i.e. free amino acids, organic acids and monosaccharides, was inferior to media of simpler composition. In both species the relatively quick cellulose resynthesis negatively affected the viability of protoplast-derived cells. In grass pea cellulose appeared during 24 h of culture. In yellow lupin the process started significantly later and after 10 days the frequency of walled cells did not exceed 50%. Callose was detected in cultures of both species and its pattern suggested that the synthesis was unlikely to be a result of protoplast wounding. Arabinogalactan proteins were localized in cell walls of different types of cells: dividing, elongating, but predominantly in degenerating ones. Occurrence and organization of the cell wall components studied were discussed in relation to recalcitrance of grass pea and yellow lupin protoplasts. Keywords: arabinogalactan proteins, cell wall, cellulose, chitosan, Fabaceae, protoplast culture Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 84-91 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/108/2013-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/108/2013-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201402-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:50:y:2014:i:2:id:108-2013-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jana ŘEPKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan NEDĚLNÍK Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research, Troubsko, Czech Republic Title: Modern methods for genetic improvement of Trifolium pratense. Abstract: This review focuses on trends in genetic improvement of a significant representative forage crop, Trifolium pratense (red clover) classified taxonomically into the agronomically outstanding family Fabaceae. Red clover breeding is aimed at improving traits like persistency, resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, forage yield and quality characteristics such as protein quality and stability. Isoflavone content in forage is important for cattle reproduction. Interspecific hybridization of red clover with the related wild species T. medium was used for the introgression of useful traits into red clover. The breeding strategy for the new variety Pramedi included hybrid plants with different DNA contents, repeated backcrosses with red clover, followed by family selection. New techniques of molecular genetics are becoming available to breeders for transferring key and complex traits into improved red clover varieties. Techniques such as marker-assisted selection and candidate gene identification can increase the speed and precision with which traits may be selected. Comparative sequence data analyses helped to identify genes for polyphenol oxidase enzymes and isoflavone synthase in red clover useful for DNA genotyping of individuals and breeding of improved high-quality red clover varieties. Keywords: candidate gene, genetic marker, molecular genetics, red clover, wide hybridization Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 92-99 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/139/2013-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/139/2013-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201402-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:50:y:2014:i:2:id:139-2013-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dana ŠAFÁŘOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Milan NAVRÁTIL Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Title: Genetic variability of the Czech Pea enation mosaic virus isolates Abstract: The Pea enation mosaic virus is an example of symbiogenesis of taxonomically unrelated PEMV-1 and PEMV-2 viruses. Partial RNA sequences, PEMV-1 coat protein, PEMV-2 movement protein gene and satellite RNA from seventeen isolates were compared with the aim of enlarging the knowledge of PEMV variability. The isolates showed genetic variability based on the nucleotide sequences in both RNA1 and RNA2, with 98-94% identity within coat protein gene sequences, and 95-96% identity within the movement protein. The phylogenetic analyses showed different evolution of both symbiotic viruses and differences in the European isolates. Most of the differences seen were synonymous without changes in the structure of proteins. The analysis of satellite RNA positive isolates implies a possible correlation between the structure of coat protein gene and presence of RNA3. Keywords: coat protein, PEMV-1, PEMV-2, phylogenetic analysis, satellite RNA Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 100-104 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/131/2013-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/131/2013-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201402-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:50:y:2014:i:2:id:131-2013-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dana ŠAFÁŘOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel BRÁZDA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Milan NAVRÁTIL Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Title: Effect of artificial dsRNA on infection of pea plants by Pea seed-borne mosaic virus Abstract: The effect of direct application of artificial dsRNA molecules derived from the viral coat protein gene and the possibility of RNA interference induction leading to protection against Pea seed borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) have been investigated. Effectivity of virus transmission was not afected by the dsRNA treatment. Simultaneous application of dsRNA and virus inoculation as well as dsRNA application one day before PSbMV inoculation led to a significant short-term decrease in the PSbMV concentration in experimental pea plants. Either the curative effect of the artificial dsRNA biolistic application was not noticed. Keywords: Pisum sativum, PSbMV, RNA vaccine, qRT-PCR Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 105-108 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/120/2013-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/120/2013-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201402-0010.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:50:y:2014:i:2:id:120-2013-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Josefina Carmen SILLERO Author-Workplace-Name: Andalusian Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IFAPA), Córdoba, Spain Author-Name: Diego RUBIALES Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain Title: Response of Vicia species to Ascochyta fabae and Uromyces viciae-fabae Abstract: A collection of 267 accessions belonging to 61 Vicia species other than V. faba was screened under growth chamber conditions for response to Ascochyta fabae and Uromyces viciae-fabae, causal agents of ascochyta blight and faba bean rust, respectively. High resistance to both diseases was very frequently detected in Vicia spp. in contrast to the high susceptibility previously reported in most V. faba accessions. Most of the Vicia spp. accessions studied here were very resistant or even immune to A. fabae with only one per cent of the accessions allowing development of small lesions bearing pycnidia. High resistance or immunity to U. viciae-fabae was also frequently found in the collection, with only ten per cent of the accessions showing compatible interaction although with reduced disease severity. These findings reinforce the specificity of A. fabae and U. viciae-fabae and clarify the potential role of cultivated and wild Vicia spp. in the epidemiology of these faba bean diseases. Keywords: ascochyta blight, faba bean rust, germplasm collection, Vicia spp Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 109-115 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/132/2013-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/132/2013-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201402-0011.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:50:y:2014:i:2:id:132-2013-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Carlota VAZ PATTO Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal Author-Name: Diego RUBIALES Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain Title: Resistance to rust and powdery mildew in Lathyrus crops Abstract: Several Lathyrus species, particularly Lathyrus sativus and L. cicera, have a high potential both as food and fodder crops. Rust and powdery mildew fungi are among the most important pathogens of major grain legumes including Lathyrus species. We review and critically discuss available knowledge of the existence of resistance and the underlying resistance mechanisms against rust and powdery mildew in the L. sativus and L. cicera crop species. Keywords: Erysiphe pisi, Lathyrus sativus, Lathyrus cicera, Uromyces pisi Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 116-122 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/126/2013-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/126/2013-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201402-0012.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:50:y:2014:i:2:id:126-2013-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sergey BOBKOV Author-Workplace-Name: All-Russia Research Institute of Legumes and Groat Crops, Orel, Russia Title: Obtaining calli and regenerated plants in anther cultures of pea Abstract: Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a species for which there is no efficient method for the recovery of haploid plants yet. This research investigated the influence of various genotypes, nutrient media, and stress treatments on callus formation, embryogenesis and plant regeneration in anther cultures of pea. A wide range of pea genotypes and nutrient media was studied. Morphogenic calli were initiated on media supplemented with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 6-benzyladenine (BA), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) without application of stress treatments. Embryogenic calli and embryos were regenerated on media with low sucrose content in the presence of 2,4-D or indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) after cold stress (4°C) of isolated buds, alone or in combination with in vitro treatment of isolated anthers at higher temperatures (35-38°C). The efficiency of regeneration via shoot morphogenesis on different nutrient media and the peculiarities of regeneration from embryogenic calli were investigated. Green embryogenic calli initiated on 2,4-D were able to develop through shoot morphogenesis on a medium supplemented with BA and NAA. This process led to regeneration of hypertrophic embryos at various developmental stages. The origin of regenerated plants (i.e. from microspores or somatic anther cells) was estimated using marker alleles determining morphological traits. Almost all R0 regenerants derived from morphogenic calli originated from anther somatic cells. Keywords: callus, embryo, haploid plant, microspore, regeneration, stress treatment Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 123-129 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/137/2013-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/137/2013-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201402-0013.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:50:y:2014:i:2:id:137-2013-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Galina SUVOROVA Author-Workplace-Name: All-Russia Research Institute of Legumes and Groat Crops, Orel, Russia Title: Hybridization of cultivated lentil Lens culinaris Medik. and wild species Lens tomentosus Ladizinsky Abstract: Cultivated lentil L. culinaris was crossed to the wild species L. tomentosus ILWL90 and ILWL120. An ovule rescue technique was used to overcome interspecific incompatibility. Out of 296 hybrid ovules being planted in vitro 27 explants began to grow and three hybrids were recovered. A hybrid between L. culinaris and L. tomentosus accession ILWL90 was obtained by means of ovule recovery only. F1 plant and next generations of the hybrid were either sterile or partly fertile. Hybridization with L. tomentosus accession ILWL120 was achieved by ovule culture as well as in a usual way i.e. without ovule culture. Seed progenies of these hybrids were fertile in both cases. Breeding lines recombinant in flower, seed coat and cotyledon coloring were developed as a result of multiple regular selection for highly productive plants in F2-F7 (L. culinaris × L. tomentosus ILWL120). Keywords: interspecific hybridization, Lens culinaris, Lens tomentosus, lentil, ovule rescue Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 130-134 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/231/2013-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/231/2013-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201402-0014.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:50:y:2014:i:2:id:231-2013-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eleonora Barilli Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain Author-Name: Josefina Carmen Sillero Author-Workplace-Name: Andalusian Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IFAPA), Córdoba, Spain Author-Name: Elena Prats Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain Author-Name: Diego Rubiales Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain Title: Resistance to rusts (Uromyces pisi and U. viciae-fabae) in pea Abstract: Pea is the second most important food legume crop in the world. Rust is a pea disease widely distributed, particularly in regions with warm, humid weather. Pea rust can be incited by Uromyces viciae-fabae and by U. pisi. U. viciae-fabae prevails in tropical and subtropical regions such as India and China, while U. pisi prevails in temperate regions. Chemical control of rust is possible, but the use of host plant resistance is the most desired means of rust control. In this paper we revise and discuss the occurrence and incidence of both pathogens on peas, the availability of resistance sources and the present state of the art in pea breeding against this disease. Keywords: breeding, histology, Pisum sativum, resistance, rust Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 135-143 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/125/2013-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/125/2013-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201402-0015.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:50:y:2014:i:2:id:125-2013-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Diego Rubiales Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain Title: Legume breeding for broomrape resistance Abstract: Legume cultivation is hampered in Mediterranean regions by the occurrence of the root parasitic weeds Orobanche crenata (crenate broomrape) and Orobanche foetida (foetida broomrape). Strategies of control have been developed but only marginal successes have been achieved. Most control methods are unfeasible, uneconomical, and hard to achieve or result in incomplete protection. Breeding for resistance is possible, but is hampered by the lack of sufficient levels of resistance, the complexity of its inheritance and the unreliability of available screening methods. Recent achievements in the identification of resistance levels and their deployment in breeding programmes will be presented and critically discussed. Keywords: biotechnology, broomrape, crop management, faba bean, Lathyrus, Orobanche, pea, resistance, vetches Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 144-150 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/106/2013-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/106/2013-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201402-0016.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:50:y:2014:i:2:id:106-2013-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michał KNOPKIEWICZ Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: Magdalena GAWŁOWSKA Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: Wojciech ŚWIĘCICKI Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland Title: The application of high resolution melting in the analysis of simple sequence repeat and single nucleotide polymorphism markers in a pea (Pisum sativum L.) population Abstract: The aim of this study was to verify the high resolution melting (HRM) method in the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in pea (Pisum sativum L.). A recombinant inbred line population, Carneval × MP1401, was tested for three SNP and 103 SSR markers. HRM analysis was conducted on a LightScanner 96 instrument with LC Green dye. The melting curve shape permitted two polymorphic genotypes to be distinguished. The results were confirmed by gel electrophoresis. Three SSR markers were sequenced and analysed by the melting prediction software. The results confirmed the presence of one polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product with two melting domains. Sequence tagged site (STS) markers produced specific products: Psat_EST_00189_01_1 (300 bp), Pis_GEN_18_2_1 (400 bp), Pis_GEN_7_1-2_1 (600 bp). Amplicons contained one, four and seven single nucleotide polymorphisms, respectively. Melting curve differences enabled the population genotyping except for Psat_EST_00189_01_1 where resolution was too low. Primers for Psat_EST_00189_01_1 were redesigned to obtain a shorter (100 bp) PCR product which increased the resolution. The number of SNPs and amplicon length are crucial for HRM resolution. The HRM method is fast and has a high throughput. The melting analysis of 96 samples takes less than 10 min. Agarose gel analysis confirmed the reliability of HRM, which eliminates laborious post-PCR analysis. Keywords: genotyping, high resolution melting, molecular markers, Pisum sativum L Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 151-156 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/113/2013-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/113/2013-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201402-0017.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:50:y:2014:i:2:id:113-2013-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Magdalena Gawłowska Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: Lesław Lahuta Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: Wojciech Święcicki Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: Paweł Krajewski Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland Title: Variability in the oligosaccharide concentration in seeds of the mapping population of pea (Pisum sativum L.) Abstract: Anti-nutritional compounds are among the obstacles to the use of pea seeds as a protein source in both feed and food. These compounds are poorly digested by both monogastric animals and humans. There are three main oligosaccharides in pea: raffinose, stachyose and verbascose (raffinose family oligosaccharides - RFOs). The concentration of oligosaccharides in dry seeds, the oligosaccharide percent to the total content of soluble sugars and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were analysed in the mapping population Wt10245 × Wt11238. The composition and concentration of soluble carbohydrates in seeds harvested from two field experiments (2002 and 2004) were analysed by the high resolution gas chromatography method. The Wt10245 × Wt11238 population was chosen because of the greater difference in the concentration of RFOs in seeds between parental lines (56.48 mg/g seed in Wt10245 and 99.1 mg/g seed in Wt11238). The average levels of oligosaccharides (mg/g seed) from both field experiments in the mapping population were: myo-inositol 1.5, sucrose 33.3, galactinol 0.8, raffinose 9.6, stachyose 30.1, verbascose 37.1. The total oligosaccharide concentration was 76.8 mg/g seed. This comprised anaverage of 68% soluble sugars, with the range from 59% to 75%. There was no interaction between lines and years of experiments (significance of lines × year interaction, F statistic > 0.01). One main quantitative trait locus was found for both experiments in LG VA (the tl-r interval) and three additional: in LG I (five traits 2002 and 2004 near afp1k), LG II (two traits 2002 near afp15h) and LG IIIB (five traits 2004 and 2002 near afp4i and M16). The main QTL was responsible for the level of RFOs and the total soluble sugar concentration in seeds. The results are in agreement with the knowledge of RFO biosynthesis. This makes selection for changes in the proportion of the particular oligosaccharides difficult, like in Phaseolus. However, it is possible to decrease the RFO content in pea seeds. The linkage between QTL and the gene r is interesting. The rugosus (r) locus changes the morphology and distribution of starch grains, decreases the total starch accumulation, produces a higher ratio of amylose to amylopectin and higher sugar and water content during development along with changes in cell size and lipid content. Keywords: genetic map, molecular markers, QTL, rugosus (r) locus, seed oligosaccharide Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 157-162 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/116/2013-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/116/2013-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201402-0018.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:50:y:2014:i:2:id:116-2013-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sylwia OKORSKA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology and Author-Name: Dariusz MICHALCZYK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology and Author-Name: Adam OKORSKI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Diagnostics and Pathophysiology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: Agnieszka PIOTROWICZ-CIEŚLAK Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology and Author-Name: Piotr PUPEL Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology and Author-Name: Katarzyna GŁOWACKA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology and Author-Name: Teresa JAGIELSKA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology and Author-Name: Ryszard GÓRECKI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology and Title: Variability of PSPAL1 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene-1) proximal promoter sequence and expression in pea challenged with Mycosphaerella pinodes Abstract: Part of the PSPAL1 gene (corresponding to the proximal promoter, exon 1 and intron) from eight pea varieties was sequenced and compared to the published sequence of PSPAL1 gene from Midoriusui cultivar (GenBank: D10002.1). The sequences showed a very high level of identity (96-99%), except in five varieties there occurred a motif TTATTACAAAATATTA close to the Goldberg-Hogness (TATA) box, and it was not detected in the other four varieties, including Midoriusui. Plants of eight pea varieties were subjected to controlled infection with Mycosphaerella pinodes and the disease index was determined (it ranged from 5.2 to 42.3%). The PSPAL1 gene of the most resistant cultivar (Walor) contained the above-mentioned motif and that of the most susceptible (Polar) did not. However, the relationship was not clear in varieties with intermediate levels of resistance. In four varieties (Walor, Ezop, Ramrod and Polar) the expression level of PSPAL1 gene in leaves was analysed (1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 h post inoculation) and it showed a weak negative correlation with disease severity (R= - 0.53). The activation of PSPAL1 gene occurred not only in infected pea leaves but also in stems and - to a much lower degree - in roots (with the relative level of PSPAL1 transcripts amounting to 0.15 in roots and 38.75 in leaves), indicating some kind of signal transmission beyond the infected plant tissues. Keywords: expression, Mycosphaerella pinodes, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene-1, Pisum sativum, polymorphism, resistance Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 163-170 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/149/2013-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/149/2013-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201402-0019.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:50:y:2014:i:2:id:149-2013-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Basavanagouda Siddanagouda PATIL Author-Workplace-Name: IARI Centre for Pulses Improvement, UAS Campus, Dharwad, Karnataka, India Author-Name: Ramapur Laxmipathi RAVIKUMAR Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biotechnology, GKVK, UAS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Author-Name: Jayant Subray BHAT Author-Workplace-Name: IARI Centre for Pulses Improvement, UAS Campus, Dharwad, Karnataka, India Author-Name: Chandrakant Dharmaraya SOREGAON Author-Workplace-Name: ARS, Bijapur, Karnataka, India$2 Title: Molecular mapping of QTLs for resistance to early and late Fusarium wilt in chickpea Abstract: A molecular map of chickpea was constructed using F9:F10 recombinant inbred lines from an intraspecific cross between Fusarium wilt susceptible (JG 62) and resistant (WR 315) genotypes. A total of 23 markers with LOD scores of > 3.0 were mapped on the recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Twenty sequence tagged microsatellites (STMSs) and three amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) covered 300.2 cM in five linkage groups at an average inter-marker distance of 13 cM. Early and late wilting due to Fusarium infection was recorded in RILs at 30 and 60 DAS, respectively. There was a significant variation among RILs for wilt resistance for both early and late wilting. QTLs associated with early (30 days after sowing (DAS)) and late (60 DAS) wilting are located on LG II. The flanking markers for these QTLs were the same as those of previous reports. Five STMS markers located on LG II of reference map (interspecific) were mapped on LG II of the present map (intraspecific) with minor changes in the order of markers indicating the conservation of these genomic regions across the Cicer species. Keywords: chickpea, Fusarium wilt, QTL, STMS Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 171-176 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/188/2013-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/188/2013-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201402-0020.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:50:y:2014:i:2:id:188-2013-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Belul GIXHARI Author-Workplace-Name: Albania Gene Bank, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania Author-Name: Michaela PAVELKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biotechnology, Agritec Plant Research, Ltd., Šumperk, Czech Republic Author-Name: Hairi ISMAILI Author-Workplace-Name: Albania Gene Bank, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania Author-Name: Hekuran VRAPI Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Department Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania Author-Name: Alban JAUPI Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economy and Agribusiness, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania Author-Name: Petr SMÝKAL Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Title: Genetic diversity of Albanian pea (Pisum sativum L.) landraces assessed by morphological traits and molecular markers Abstract: In order to investigate the genetic diversity present in the pea germplasm stored in the Albanian genebank, we analyzed 28 local pea genotypes of Albanian origins for 23 quantitative morphological traits, as well as 14 retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphism (RBIP) molecular markers. The study of morphological characters carried out during three growing seasons (2010, 2011 and 2012) had the objective of characterization of traits useful in breeding programs. RBIP marker analysis revealed the genetic similarity in range from 0.06 to 0.45. ANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis was used to visualize the association among different traits. Most of the quantitative morphological traits showed significant differences. PCA and cluster analysis (Ward's method) carried out for morphological traits divided the local pea genotypes into three clusters. Finally, the study identified the agronomicaly important traits which will facilitate the maintenance and agronomic evaluation of the collections. Keywords: clusters analysis, genetic similarity, landraces, morphological traits, pea, retrotransposon Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 177-184 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/227/2013-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/227/2013-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201402-0021.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:50:y:2014:i:2:id:227-2013-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Igor HUŇADY Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Grain Legumes and Technical Crops, Agritec Plant Research, Ltd., Šumperk, Czech Republic Author-Name: Miroslav HOCHMAN Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Grain Legumes and Technical Crops, Agritec Plant Research, Ltd., Šumperk, Czech Republic Title: Potential of legume-cereal intercropping for increasing yields and yield stability for self-sufficiency with animal fodder in organic farming Abstract: Intercropping of grain legumes and cereals is a promising theme in organic farming for its potential for increasing and stabilizing yields, reducing weed pressure and sustaining plant health. On animal husbandry farms, pea-cereal mixtures may be an interesting crop harvested for green fodder as well as for feed concentrates. Increasing self-sufficiency with fodder is in agreement with the principles of organic agriculture, and it reduces the risks related to the import of soy protein that may be admixed with GM soya. In 2008-2011, plot trials (PT) with intercropped peas and spring cereals (wheat, barley) were conducted. Varieties and pea-cereal combinations were examined to find suitable varieties for intercropping, and the best pea to cereal ratio in the seed intercrop (pea to cereal ratios 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80). Results show that intercropping peas and spring cereals may be advantageous compared to monocultures. Pea-cereal intercrops produce high yields of green matter and concentrates especially when intercropped at the pea to cereal ratio of 60:40 and 40:60. In 2009, on five certified organic farms, controlled field trials (FT) were conducted with field pea (leaf type), spring barley and spring wheat in monocultures and intercrops (pea to cereal ratio 60:40). Forage yields were evaluated at pea growth phases BBCH-scale 79 and 83. Fresh yields of monocultures and intercrops were evaluated at grain harvest. Keywords: barley, field trials, intercrop, organic agriculture, pea, wheat Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 185-194 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/242/2013-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/242/2013-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201402-0022.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:50:y:2014:i:2:id:242-2013-CJGPB