Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: editors Title: INDEX OF VOLUME 51, AUTHORS INDEX Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: I-IV Volume: 51 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/8579-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/8579-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:51:y:2015:i:4:id:8579-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michaela LUDVÍKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Biotechnology Department, Agritec Plant Research, Ltd., Šumperk, Czech Republic Author-Name: Miroslav GRIGA Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Biotechnology Department, Agritec Plant Research, Ltd., Šumperk, Czech Republic Title: Transgenic flax/linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) - expectations and reality Abstract: This review summarizes the history, important milestones, current status and perspectives of biotech flax/linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), supplemented with some of our original research, breeding and data on environmentalsafety. We show how recent biotechnology methods and genetic engineering contributed to the flax/linseed breeding in order to speed up the breeding process (doubled haploids technology; in vitro selection with the use of pathogenic toxins or heavy metals; genetic transformation) and for the creation of new flax/linseed cultivars. The focus is laid on genetic engineering which represents an excellent technology to enrich the flax/linseed genepool with genes of interest, which are not naturally present in the flax/linseed genome. Different methods of flax transformation are mentioned, as well as various genes of interest that have been used for flax transformation to date aimed at improving transgenic flax properties, affecting both qualitative and quantitative traits. The fatty acid content and composition, the lignan (especially secoisolariciresinol diglucoside - SDG) content, flax fibre quality, tolerance to herbicides and resistance to diseases belong, among others, to flax traits that have already been modified by genetic engineering. Selection genes, reporter genes and also promoters that have been used for the vector construction are also summarized. This paper describes different fields of utilization of genetically modified (GM) flax with different improved properties. The history of the only so far officially registered transgenic linseed cultivar Triffid is described in detail. Finally, potential risks and benefits of flax modification are evaluated and also the prime expectations of GM flax and real current state of this technology compared. Unfortunately, the products created by this technology are under strict (albeit not scientifically-based) legislative/political control in the European Union (EU), which prevents the access of products, created by breeders using this top technology, to the EU market. Keywords: biotechnology in plant breeding, fibre crops, heavy metal tolerance/accumulation, lignan content, oil composition, transformation/genetic modification Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 123-141 Volume: 51 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/104/2015-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/104/2015-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201504-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:51:y:2015:i:4:id:104-2015-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harinder Kumar CHAUDHARY Author-Workplace-Name: Molecular Cytogenetics and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Crop Improvement, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, India Author-Name: Anima MAHATO Author-Workplace-Name: Molecular Cytogenetics and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Crop Improvement, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, India Author-Name: Vineeta KAILA Author-Workplace-Name: Molecular Cytogenetics and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Crop Improvement, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, India Author-Name: Shoukat Ahmad RATHER Author-Workplace-Name: Molecular Cytogenetics and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Crop Improvement, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, India Author-Name: Tisu TAYENG Author-Workplace-Name: Molecular Cytogenetics and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Crop Improvement, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, India Title: Dihaploid induction in tetraploid durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) using pollen of Imperata cylindrica Abstract: Doubled haploidy breeding protocols have revolutionized the varietal development programmes in bread wheat, however, the protocols have not proved much efficient in durum wheat. Presently, the durum wheat × maize system is being widely followed for haploid induction but the frequency of haploid development is very poor which has limited its application in durum wheat improvement programmes. In order to formulate an efficient wide hybridization-mediated approach for haploid induction in durum wheat, different genotypes of durum wheat were subjected to hybridization with Imperata cylindrica, a wild perennial grass for the first time in this laboratory. The investigation was carried out for two seasons. During the 1st year, the investigation was carried out on one genotype only, Langdon, in order to notice the development of haploid embryos and the factors that influence the haploid induction frequency. The most important factor influencing the embryo formation frequency was found to be the concentration of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Upon pollinating the emasculated spikes of durum wheat genotypes, various concentrations of 2,4-D were injected into the uppermost internode of wheat culm for three consecutive days after pollination to find out the most responding concentration for haploid induction. During the next year, the protocol was applied to eight durum wheat genotypes. The frequency of haploid induction parameters varied with the durum wheat genotypes as well as 2,4-D concentration used. The mean pseudoseed and embryo formation frequency over all the genotypes ranged from 30.2 to 56.3% and 1.2 to 18.4%, respectively. The average embryo formation frequency over all the genotypes was found to be highest (18.4%) at 250 mg/l 2,4-D whereas it was superior for the genotypes WH 896 and Langdon over all the 2,4-D concentrations. At the most responding 2,4-D concentration (250 mg/l), the genotype A-9-30-1 exhibited the highest embryo formation frequency (32.1%). The ploidy status of the developed embryos was identified using cytological analysis carried out on the rootlets of the tissue culture generated plantlets. Keywords: 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), haploid induction, pseudoseed formation, wide hybridization Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 142-147 Volume: 51 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/218/2014-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/218/2014-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201504-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:51:y:2015:i:4:id:218-2014-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahbubjon RAHMATOV Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden Author-Name: Larisa GARKAVA-GUSTAVSSON Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden Author-Name: Ruth WANYERA Author-Workplace-Name: Food Crops Research Center, Kenyan Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Njoro, Kenya Author-Name: Brian STEFFENSON Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA Author-Name: Matthew ROUSE Author-Workplace-Name: Cereal Disease Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, St. Paul, USA$2 Author-Name: Eva JOHANSSON Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden Title: Stem rust resistance in 1BL.1RS and 2RL.2BS double wheat-rye translocation lines Abstract: The wheat stem rust pathogen, Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici, is a significant and devastating disease of wheat crops worldwide. Wheat has many wild relatives in which to source new resistance genes, including the cereal crop of rye in the tertiary genepool. The aim of this study was to assess the reaction of 1BL.1RS and 2RL.2BS double wheat-rye translocation lines to virulent stem rust races from Africa and North America. BC1F3 and BC1F4 populations from a cross between the line KR99-139 (a double wheat-rye translocation line with 1BL.1RS and 2RL.2BS) and the bread wheat cultivar Topper were used in the study. Several of the populations homozygous for 1BL.1RS and heterozygous for 2RL.2BS showed resistance and low severity adult plant resistance (20RMR-50MSS) to the African stem rust race TTKSK in the field. None of the tested populations with varying chromosome combinations showed seedling resistance to any of the tested stem rust races. Thus, these resistant populations likely carry gene/s effective at the adult plant stage since all stage resistance genes with major effect appear to be absent based on the seedling assays. Resistant lines combined three chromosomes (1RS, 2RS and 2BS) which make their direct use in breeding more complicated. Mapping studies followed by potential transfer of genes between 2R and 2B will make the identified minor genes more useful in wheat breeding. Keywords: backcrossing, durable resistance, minor genes, Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 148-154 Volume: 51 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/80/2015-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/80/2015-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201504-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:51:y:2015:i:4:id:80-2015-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hana JAKEŠOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Red Clover and Grass Breeding, Hladké Životice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana ŘEPKOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan NEDĚLNÍK Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research, Ltd., Troubsko, Czech Republic Author-Name: David HAMPEL Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics and Operational Analysis, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana DLUHOŠOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martina SOLDÁNOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martina OŠŤÁDALOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Vegetable Foodstuffs Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Selecting plants with increased total polyphenol oxidases in the genus Trifolium Abstract: One of the aims in red clover (Trifolium pratense) breeding is to increase the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, which may effectively reduce protein breakdown in silage and when cattle are fed by fresh clover. We analysed total PPO activity spectrophotometrically and on the level of gene expression using real-time quantitative PCR in single plants derived from an interspecific T. pratense × T. medium hybrid. Experiments were performed for two years and evaluated according to the general linear model with three factors (family, year, and cut). The analysis revealed considerable variability in total PPO activity between individuals and between families. Four families and two individuals with significantly higher PPO activity were selected. Their PPO activity ranged from 3.411 to 3.547 mkatal/min/g and from 4.041 to 5.731 mkatal/min/g, respectively, in comparison with the control variety Amos (2.370 mkatal/min/g). The majority of PPO transcripts were expressed by the two genes PPO1/5 and PPO2. In some genotypes, the PPO5 gene was expressed. Quantitative PCR confirmed the highest activity of PPO genes in seven hybrid plants with higher DNA contents corresponding to 30 chromosomes with 815 013 copies per plant. Our results indicate the suitability of combining two methods for improved selection: initial expression analysis to assess the PPO transcript level indicating gene activity and subsequent enzymatic assay. Keywords: expression analysis, polyphenolic enzyme, protein quality, Trifolium medium, Trifolium pratense Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 155-161 Volume: 51 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/107/2015-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/107/2015-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201504-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:51:y:2015:i:4:id:107-2015-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Staffan C. ANDERSSON Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden Author-Name: Eva JOHANSSON Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden Author-Name: Michael BAUM Author-Workplace-Name: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria Author-Name: Fawzi RIHAWI Author-Workplace-Name: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria Author-Name: Mustapha EL BOUHSSINI Author-Workplace-Name: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat-Institut, Rabat, Morocco Title: New resistance sources to Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) in Swedish wheat substitution and translocation lines with rye (Secale cereale) and Leymus mollis Abstract: Russian wheat aphid is an important pest in many wheat growing countries of the world. Different resistance genes to the pest have previously been identified. However, some biotypes of the pest are virulent to most of these genes. Swedish wheat-rye and wheat-Leymus, consisting of 235 accessions with substitutions and translocations, were investigated for resistance to the aphid. A total of 86 accessions were shown to be either resistant or moderately resistant. Resistance was found particularly in accessions having substitutions of 1R instead of 1D [1R(1D) or 1R(1D) + 6R(6D)], in translocations to 3D or 5A (3DL.3RS and 5AL.5RS) and in accessions with introgressions of Leymus mollis. Resistances to Russian wheat aphid obtained from the hereby reported chromosomes and combinations have not previously been reported. These rye and Leymus genes can thus be useful for widening the pool of resistance genes for future breeding of cultivars resistant to Russian wheat aphid. Keywords: alien introgressions, aphid resistance, Dnr genes, Triticum aestivum, 1R Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 162-165 Volume: 51 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/72/2015-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/72/2015-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201504-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:51:y:2015:i:4:id:72-2015-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Veronika Dumalasová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana Palicová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Alena Hanzalová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Irena Bížová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Centre SELTON, Station Úhřetice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Leona Leišová-Svobodová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Eyespot resistance gene Pch1 and methods of study of its effectiveness in wheat cultivars Abstract: The scientific report presents results of our studies on the gene Pch1, conferring resistance to eyespot disease in wheat, caused by the fungus Occulimacula spp. The presence of the gene Pch1 in wheat cultivars was analysed using the molecular marker Xorw1. In total 106 wheat cultivars registered in the Czech Republic and 54 breeding lines were tested. The gene Pch1 was found in the cultivars Annie, Beduin, Hermann, Iridium, Manager and Princeps and in three breeding lines. Some of these cultivars were tested for eyespot resistance in field trials and showed a high level of resistance. Cv. Hermann was the most resistant winter wheat cultivar in our experiments in the last two years. The method of artificial infection by Oculimacula spp. was optimized. Keywords: eyespot, molecular markers, Pch1 gene, resistance, wheat Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 166-173 Volume: 51 Issue: 4 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/157/2015-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/157/2015-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201504-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:51:y:2015:i:4:id:157-2015-CJGPB