Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiling WANG Author-Workplace-Name: College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA Author-Name: Zong-Ming CHENG Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA Author-Name: Shuang ZHI Author-Workplace-Name: College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China Author-Name: XU Fengxiang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China Title: Breeding triploid plants: a review Abstract: Triploid plants have larger organs, greater biomass, and strong stress resistance by preserving relatively larger amounts of photosynthetic energy. The undesirable spread of non-native invasive crop and horticultural plants into natural areas can also be reduced or eliminated by the use of triploids, because they tend to be sterile and seedless. Triploid plants have great economic value and have been useful for developing new agronomic, horticultural, and forestry plant varieties. Because of rapid advances in DNA sequencing technology, triploids may become a focus of genomic research in the future, and will create unprecedented opportunities for discovering and monitoring genomic and transcriptomic changes in unbalanced genomes. One of the new trends in genomics research is to create synthetic triploid plants as materials for the study of first genomic responses that occur immediately after triploid formation. Here, we summarize recent progress in the use of triploid plants, approaches for obtaining triploid plants, including natural selection, artificial hybridization, and endosperm regeneration, the obstacles to obtain triploids, and possible ways to overcome these difficulties. This summary of the scientific progress on triploid plants will promote understanding of how they can be generated and assist plant breeders to design new strategies for triploid breeding. Keywords: embryo rescue, endosperm, genomics, hybridization Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 41-54 Volume: 52 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/151/2015-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/151/2015-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201602-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:52:y:2016:i:2:id:151-2015-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: AzIze HOMER Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Field Crops, Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: Mevlüt ŞAHIN Author-Workplace-Name: Central Research Institute for Field Crops, Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: Ümran KÜÇÜKÖZDEMIR Author-Workplace-Name: Eastern Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute, Erzurum, Turkey Title: Evaluation of pea (Pisum sativum L.) germplasm for winter hardiness in Central Anatolia, Turkey, using field and controlled environment Abstract: Winter pea can be grown in rotation with cereal crops in Central Anatolia, Turkey. However, winterkill can occur during harsh winters. The objective of this study was to screen pea accessions for winter survival, and identify genotypes with differential winter hardiness for future crop development. The plant material consisted of 58 accessions including local landraces, elite winter cultivars, selected lines and several checks. Twenty-five of them were evaluated under both field and laboratory conditions. The rest of the genotypes were tested under field conditions. Field trials were planted in Haymana, Ankara, and in Ulaş, Sivas, Turkey during the autumn of 2014. Winter hardiness was evaluated as the percentage of surviving plants. Differential survival of genotypes was observed at both locations. On average, the survival rate was lower in Ulaş (54.8%) than in Haymana (67.8%), and ranged between 1.5 and 100%. Turkish landraces TR 79404 (88.6%), TR 79407 (88.5%) and TR 80194 (84.8%) had survival percentages comparable with the three winter-hardy checks (Turkish cvs. Taşkent (90.0%) and Özkaynak (85.0%), US cv. Melrose (94.7%)). Twelve single plants were selected from these populations for future cultivar development. The European and US accessions, included in the trials for their previously reported winter hardiness, showed high levels of winter hardiness, and could be used in breeding programs. In the laboratory, no plants survived at -12°C and -16°C three weeks following the freezing test. Screening at -8°C generated differential survival among winter genotypes. Significant positive correlations (r = 0.67-0.87, P < 0.001) were found between the test environments for the percent survival. Keywords: freezing tolerance, landrace, winter pea, winter survival Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 55-63 Volume: 52 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/186/2015-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/186/2015-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201602-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:52:y:2016:i:2:id:186-2015-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wutthida RATTANAPICHAI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Karel KLEM Author-Workplace-Name: Global Change Research Institute CAS, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Two-dimensional root phenotyping system based on root growth on black filter paper and recirculation micro-irrigation Abstract: Plant root system architecture (RSA) has an important role in crop production, particularly for water and nutrient uptake under limiting conditions. In the last few years, several root phenotyping methods have been developed. Here we present a new technique which has been developed for non-destructive, inexpensive and high-throughput root growth studies and RSA analyses. To illustrate the potential applications, this method was tested in an experiment with nitrogen and phosphorous deficiencies in a nutrient solution, affecting RSA parameters of two spring barley varieties (Bojos and Barke). This technique is based on root growth on vertically positioned black filter paper (30 × 60 cm) placed between two black plastic (PVC-P) foils and micro-irrigation systems providing the recirculation of nutrient solution. The pre-germinated seeds were placed in the slit between two plastic bars which carry the filter paper and plastic sheets and fix the plant in the vertical position. This system allows easy repeated non-invasive access to roots for their measuring and sampling. Eighteen days after transplanting the root imaging was done using an RGB digital camera. To evaluate the root architecture parameters the "SmartRoot" software was used. The results revealed that the system is able to detect changes in RSA which are caused mainly by P deficiency (particularly changes in lateral root length and total root area). It can be concluded that this technique has a great potential for non-destructive root growth studies, RSA measurement and root sampling. Keywords: image analysis, nutrient deficiency, root system architecture, spring barley Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 64-70 Volume: 52 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/121/2015-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/121/2015-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201602-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:52:y:2016:i:2:id:121-2015-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fatih HANCI Author-Workplace-Name: Atatürk Central Horticultural Research Institute, Yalova, Turkey Author-Name: Ali Fuat GÖKÇE Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde University, Nigde, Turkey Title: Molecular characterization of Turkish onion germplasm using SSR markers Abstract: In this study, molecular markers were used for the first time to study the genetic diversity of Turkish onion (Allium cepa L.) accessions. We used 83 turkish landraces, 3 breeding lines and 10 commercial varieties, in total 96 accessions, to study the genetic diversity. Bulked samples of 10 seeds were used to generate a representative profile of the accessions. Variability was evaluated at 46 microsatellite loci. We identified 308 alleles with these markers, out of which 303 were polymorphic. A dendrogram based on the UPGMA analysis grouped the 96 accessions into five main clusters. Dice's similarity coefficient ranged from 0.407 to 0.767 with an average of 0.587. The results showed that 44 out of the 46 SSR markers were convenient and polymorphic enough to distinguish all the studied accessions. Keywords: Allium cepa L., diversity, genetic resources, microsatellites, polymorphism Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 71-76 Volume: 52 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/162/2015-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/162/2015-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201602-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:52:y:2016:i:2:id:162-2015-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gang XUE Author-Workplace-Name: College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: LU Li-Ming Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, P.R. China Author-Name: Tie-Zhao YANG Author-Workplace-Name: College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: LI Xiao-Hui Author-Workplace-Name: College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Xue-Xia XING Author-Workplace-Name: College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: XU Shi-Xiao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Title: Enhanced tolerance to low-K+ stress in tobacco plants, that ectopically express the CBL-interacting protein kinase CIPK23 gene Abstract: Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) has a relatively high requirement for potassium (K+). However, the molecular basis of tolerance to low-K+ stresses in tobacco still remains unknown. Here, we report the role of a member of the A. thaliana CBL (calcineurin B-like) interacting protein kinase (CIPK) family, AtCIPK23, in low-K+ stress responses in tobacco. Molecular analyses revealed that the AtCIPK23 gene was successfully transferred into a tobacco cultivar K326 via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Overexpression of AtCIPK23 in tobacco resulted in increased low-K+ tolerance, which was demonstrated by higher dry biomass, longer primary root length, higher K+ content and better growth status of transgenic tobacco plants compared to controls when both were treated in low-K+ MS medium and low-K+ hydroponics. Moreover, transgenic lines conferred tolerance to low-K+ stress by increasing the K+ uptake rate under low-K+ conditions. Taken together, these results provide evidence that AtCIPK23 may be involved in the CBL-CIPK signalling network in tobacco responses to low-K+ stress. Keywords: AtCIPK23, K+ uptake, low-K+ tolerance, potassium, tobacco Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 77-82 Volume: 52 Issue: 2 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/155/2015-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/155/2015-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201602-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:52:y:2016:i:2:id:155-2015-CJGPB