Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tanweer KUMAR Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Ai-Ke BAO Author-Name: Zhulatai BAO Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Fei WANG Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Li GAO Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Suo-Min WANG Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China Title: The progress of genetic improvement in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Abstract: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a perennial and outcrossing species, widely grown as a forage legume for hay, pasture and silage. The genetic engineering approaches involve the transfer of useful or novel gene(s) into alfalfa to improve desired traits. The recent development of genetic engineering is extensively applied to basic and applied research for alfalfa improvement, including improvement of herbicide resistance, reinforcement of the resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, production of novel compounds, improved yield for industrial and/or pharmaceutical proteins and renewable energy sources. On the other hand, alfalfa forage needs to possess additional fermentable carbohydrates, proteins with a balanced amino acid profile that are gradually degraded in the rumen of domestic livestock, and zero anti-nutritional factors, which are the major concerns of recent interest in alfalfa. However, an advance of transgenic approach is contentious, requiring vigilant experimental methods and design to contest bio-safety challenges. More importantly, the technology of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is rapidly growing and might be a game player or changer in alfalfa. The present review can enable us to identify the proper direction, get familiar with new research methods and success of genetic engineering technology in alfalfa, to produce maximally improved cultivars. Keywords: CRISPR/Cas9 technology, forage yield and quality, genetic engineering, stresses tolerance, transgenic alfalfa Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 41-51 Volume: 54 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/46/2017-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/46/2017-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201802-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:54:y:2018:i:2:id:46-2017-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jun YAN Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing in Ministry of Agriculture, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: Wen-Tao XUE Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Rong-Zhi YANG Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Hai-Bo QIN Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Gang ZHAO Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing in Ministry of Agriculture, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, P.R. China Author-Name: Fahima TZION Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel Author-Name: Jian-Ping CHENG Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P.R. China Title: Quantitative trait loci conferring grain selenium nutrient in durum wheat × wild emmer wheat RIL population Abstract: The genetic and phenotypic basis of grain selenium concentration (GSeC) and yield per plant (GSeY) was studied in a tetraploid wheat population consisting of 152 F6 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Triticum dicoccoides (accession G18-16) and durum wheat cultivar Langdon (LDN) grown under three different environments over 2 years. Wide genetic variation was found among RILs for GSeC and GSeY. A total of 15 QTL effects on 9 chromosomes associated with GSeC and GSeY were detected, with a logarithm od the odds (LOD) score ranging from ca. 3.2 to 11.7, explaining 1.4% to 18.6% of the phenotypic variation. Higher GSeC and GSeY were conferred by the G18-16 allele at 10 loci and by the LDN allele at 5 loci. Seven QTLs showed interactions with environmental conditions. Five genomic regions harbouring QTLs for grain Se concentrations and yields were selected for further marker-assisted selection programs, facilitating the use of wild alleles for improvement of elite wheat cultivars. Keywords: grain selenium concentration, grain selenium yield, quantitative trait locus mapping, tetraploid wheat, Triticum dicoccoides Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 52-58 Volume: 54 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/112/2016-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/112/2016-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201802-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:54:y:2018:i:2:id:112-2016-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: YU Shouwu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Crop Science and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Zhejiang Nongke Seed Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China Author-Name: LI Meizhen Author-Workplace-Name: Zhejiang Nongke Seed Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Yeqing XIAO Author-Workplace-Name: Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Nanchang National Sub-center for Rice Improvement, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China Author-Name: Derun HUANG Author-Workplace-Name: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China Author-Name: Dazhou CHEN Author-Workplace-Name: Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Nanchang National Sub-center for Rice Improvement, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China Title: Mapping QTLs for cold tolerance at seedling stage using an Oryza sativa × O. rufipogon backcross inbred line population Abstract: Tolerance to low temperature is an important factor affecting the growth and development of rice (Oryza sativa L.) at an early growing season in the temperate region, and at high altitudes of tropical regions. In this study, a backcross inbred line (BIL) population derived from an interspecific cross between Xieqingzao B (O. sativa L.) and an accession of Dongxiang wild rice (O. rufipogon Griff.) was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with cold tolerance at the seedling stage. Seedlings were treated with a temperature of 6°C for 2 days and seedling mortality was measured for QTL mapping. QTL analysis was performed on the whole BIL population and on one subpopulation that showed Xieqingzao B homozygous at QTL detected in the whole population. One major QTL, qSCT8, and one QTL, qSCT4.3, with smaller effect was found in the whole population. The QTLs qSCT8 and qSCT4.3 were mapped on chromosome 8 and 4, explaining 60.96% and 8.83% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. In the subpopulation, three QTLs, qSCT4.1, qSCT4.2 and qSCT12, accounting for 56.22%, 57.62% and 53.09% of the phenotypic variance, respectively, were detected on chromosome 4 and 12. At all five loci, the alleles introduced from the Dongxiang wild rice were effective in decreasing seedling mortality. Our results provide a basis for fine mapping and cloning of QTLs associated with cold tolerance, and the markers linked with QTLs could be used to improve the cold tolerance of rice varieties by marker-assisted selection. Keywords: Dongxiang wild rice, QTL analysis, rice, seedling cold tolerance Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 59-64 Volume: 54 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/154/2016-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/154/2016-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201802-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:54:y:2018:i:2:id:154-2016-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yue ZHOU Author-Workplace-Name: College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Biological Control Center for Plant Diseases and Plant Pests of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Baoding University, Baoding, Hebei, P.R. China Author-Name: LI Huan Author-Workplace-Name: College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Biological Control Center for Plant Diseases and Plant Pests of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, P.R. China Author-Name: Pei-Pei ZHANG Author-Workplace-Name: College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Biological Control Center for Plant Diseases and Plant Pests of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, P.R. China Author-Name: Lin WANG Author-Workplace-Name: Baoding University, Baoding, Hebei, P.R. China Author-Name: LI Zai-feng Author-Workplace-Name: College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Biological Control Center for Plant Diseases and Plant Pests of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, P.R. China Title: Molecular mapping of leaf rust resistance gene LrL224 in Chinese wheat cultivar L224-3 Abstract: Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is a major wheat disease worldwide. The chinese wheat cultivar L224-3 showed high resistance to most of P. triticina pathotypes in the seedling and adult stage. Identifying and mapping the leaf rust resistance gene(s) in L224-3 is very useful for breeding leaf rust resistant wheat cultivars. In the present study, the wheat cultivar L224-3 and thirty-six lines with known leaf rust resistance genes were inoculated with 15 pathotypes at the seedling stage for gene postulation. A total of 144 F2:3 lines from the cross L224-3 × Zhengzhou 5389 were inoculated with the pathotype FHBQ for leaf rust genetic analysis at the seedling stage. A total of 1276 SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers and the STS (sequence tagged-site) marker ω-secali/Glu-B3 were used to test the parents, resistant and susceptible bulks. The polymorphic markers were used to genotype the F2:3 populations. L224-3 was highly resistant to all Lr26 avirulent pathotypes, showing the presence of Lr26 in L224-3. The presence of Lr26 in L224-3 was also confirmed by the molecular marker ω-secalin/Glu-B3. Due to resistance to some Lr26 virulent pathotypes, L224-3 may carry another resistance gene. Based on the genetic analysis using the pathotype FHBQ with virulence to Lr26 the resistance of L224-3 was controlled by a single dominant gene, tentatively designated LrL224. Four SSR markers (barc8, gwm582, wmc419, and wmc694) and one STS marker (ω-secali/Glu-B3) on 1B were closely linked to LrL224. The two flanking SSR loci were barc8 and gwm582, with the genetic distances of 4.3 and 4.6 cM, respectively. LrL224 was located on 1BL, and it showed different seedling reactions with other genes on 1B. Therefore LrL224 is likely to be a new leaf rust resistance gene. Keywords: genetic analysis, molecular marker, Puccinia triticina, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 65-70 Volume: 54 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/19/2017-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/19/2017-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201802-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:54:y:2018:i:2:id:19-2017-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sana MUNIR Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Author-Name: Muhammad Kamran QURESHI Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Author-Name: Ahmad Naeem SHAHZAD Author-Name: Hamid MANZOOR Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Author-Name: Muhammad Ahmad SHAHZAD Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Author-Name: Kashif ASLAM Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Author-Name: Habib-Ur-Rehman ATHAR Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Title: Assessment of gene action and combining ability for fibre and yield contributing trais in interspecific and intraspecific hybrids of cotton Abstract: Combining ability analysis was performed in order to identify high-yielding genotypes and hybrids. Six lines were crossed with three testers using a line × tester mating design. General combining ability (GCA) of parents, specific combining ability (SCA) of hybrids and gene action for several yield components and fibre were studied in the experiment. Additive gene action was observed in most traits except bolls/plant, sympodia/plant, monopodia/plant, total nodes, seed index, lint/seed, staple strength and seed cotton yield/plant which were influenced by non-additive gene action. GCA revealed that Giza-7 was a good general combiner for staple length, staple strength, seed index, boll weight, bolls/plant and monopodia/plant and BH-167 was good for ginning outturn (GOT) and sympodia/plant. Results of SCA values for hybrids indicated, that the cross Giza-7 × MNH-886 was a superior specific combiner for staple length, monopodia/plant, staple strength and seed cotton yield/plant; CIM-554 × CIM-557 for boll weight, sympodia/plant and lint weight/boll; BH-167 × MNH-886 for GOT and bolls/plant. Selection of such hybrids and good general combiners could be further exploited for yield improvement. Keywords: general combining ability, ginning outturn, line × tester analysis, specific combining ability Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 71-77 Volume: 54 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/54/2017-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/54/2017-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201802-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:54:y:2018:i:2:id:54-2017-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yasemin EVRENOSOGLU Author-Name: Kerem MERTOGLU Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey Title: Evaluation of pear (Pyrus communis L.) hybrid combinations for the transmission of fire blight resistance and fruit characteristics Abstract: Fire blight is one of the most destructive diseases of pome fruits, especially pears. In current conditions when the demand for organic products is increasing, improvement of resistant rootstock and varieties is becoming important due to the lack of an effective disease management method against fire blight caused by Erwinia amy-lovora as well as the harmful effects of chemicals on environment, human and animal health. The findings of the researchers as to which variety performs well in terms of the transmission of fire blight resistance are quite important for new breeding programs. In the study, three varieties with high commercial value (Magness, Santa Maria and Williams) were identified as the maternal parents and 21 hybridization combinations were made with seven varieties (Akça, Ankara, Conference, Güz, Kaiser Alexandre, Kieffer and Taş) as pollinators. The Magness maternal parent was found superior when compared with the other maternal parents for the variety susceptibility level to fire blight. Apart from the differences in the susceptibility level of 21 different combinations of hybrids to fire blight, the commercially superior ten hybrids (I-15-24, II-13-1, II-13-19, II-13-34, II-13-73, II-27-21, II-27-55, II -32-44, III-22-638, III-27-590) have been determined via the weighted ranking method from the parameters of disease resistance and different fruit characteristics measuring the commercial preference of the fruits such as fruit quality, attractiveness, size, firmness and rustiness Keywords: Erwinia amylovora, fruit quality, pear breeding, weighted ranking method Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 78-85 Volume: 54 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/17/2017-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/17/2017-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201802-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:54:y:2018:i:2:id:17-2017-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Josef PATZAK Author-Name: Alena HENYCHOVÁ Author-Workplace-Name: Hop Research Institute Co., Ltd., Žatec, Czech Republic Title: Evaluation of genetic variability within actual hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cultivars by an enlarged set of molecular markers Abstract: Traditional hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cultivars have been used in the brewing industry for a long time. Globally, about ten new breeding lines were released to the market in each decade from ~1970 to 1999. Since 2006, the rate of release of new cultivars has increased tenfold. It is, therefore, important to identify their genotype and origin. Molecular genetic methods based on DNA are the most appropriate technology for this purpose. Recently, we developed an efficient marker system for the authenticity control of hop genotypes based on expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats (EST-SSR). In the present study, we enlarged the previously established EST-SSR set with 27 new polymorphic markers and evaluated molecular genetic variability within 135 traditional and new world hop cultivars. Two sets of 10 markers effectively differentiated all used cultivars, with the exception of cultivars derived from the same original genotype such as Saaz, Spalt, Tettnang and Nadwislawsky. Results of molecular genetic variability analyses corresponded with the genealogical and geographical origin of the key cultivars. Keywords: expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR), cluster analysis, principal coordinate analysis Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 86-91 Volume: 54 Issue: 2 Year: 2018 DOI: 10.17221/175/2016-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/175/2016-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-201802-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:54:y:2018:i:2:id:175-2016-CJGPB