Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vasileios Greveniotis Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Technology, Technological and Educational Institution of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece Author-Name: Stylianos Zotis Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Technology, Technological and Educational Institution of Western Macedonia, Florina, Greece Author-Name: Evangelia Sioki Author-Workplace-Name: Cotton Centre, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - DEMETER, Karditsa, Greece Author-Name: Constantinos Ipsilandis Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Technology, Technological and Educational Institution of Western Macedonia, Florina, Greece Title: A breeding concept to improve the performance of locally cultivated bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars Abstract: The objective of this study was to explore the internal variability in six established F7 commercial wheat cultivars for breeding purposes. They are sown traditionally in the region of Western Macedonia, Greece. Spikes of the six cultivars were sown in 2008 in separate rows. A head to row selection scheme was applied for two growing periods in order to select lines within the cultivars, based on various traits such as: the total spike number, the spike weight per row, the 1000-kernel weight and the specific weight . The final selection was based on the specific weight and the four best rows from each cultivar were selected. All selected lines were tested in a field trial with a randomised complete block design (RCB). The original seed of the cultivars were used as controls. Statistically significant differences were found for all the studied traits. The line selections differed from the original cultivars, sometimes highly significantly. In conclusion, commercial cultivars that are sown traditionally for many years may contain exploitable variability, which reveals, that the continuous selection within cultivars is necessary to avoid cultivar deterioration and to improve the yield and other traits. The results indicate a degeneration of grain yield from 8% to 20%. Although eye-selection restricts off-types, our results mainly indicate new variability and cultivar performance deterioration under extreme biotic and abiotic stress. Keywords: continuous selection, inbred lines, internal variability, stress tolerance Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 1-8 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/47/2019-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/47/2019-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-202001-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:56:y:2020:i:1:id:47-2019-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jana Palicová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Matušinsky Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: Alena Hanzalová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ivana Svačinová Author-Workplace-Name: Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: Veronika Dumalasová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana Chrpová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Reaction of winter wheat cultivars to eyespot assessed visually and by real-time PCR Abstract: The reaction of twelve winter wheat cultivars frequently grown in the Czech Republic and twenty-five new breeding lines to inoculation with Oculimacula yallundae and Oculimacula acuformis was evaluated in small plot trials from 2017-2018. The assessment was carried out visually by symptoms and by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The aims of the study were to compare the results of both methods, to evaluate the effect of the resistance gene Pch1 to eyespot, and to select new breeding lines resistant to eyespot. The relationship between the eyespot symptoms and the pathogen DNA content in plant tissues followed a moderate linear regression. Low levels of eyespot were observed in the cultivars/lines possessing the resistance gene Pch1 (Annie, Hermann, Rebell, SG-S1215-14, SG-S1825-14, SG-S791-13) and also in the line SG-SU630-15. The qPCR method was able to detect low levels of the pathogens in the plant tissue and to distinguish two eyespot pathogens. O. acuformis was detected in very low concentrations in the inoculated plants compared with O. yallundae. The eyespot infection rate was significantly higher in 2017 than in the next agricultural season due to extremely dry and warm spring weather in 2018. Keywords: molecular markers, Oculimacula acuformis, Oculimacula yallundae, Pch1 gene Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 9-14 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/52/2019-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/52/2019-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-202001-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:56:y:2020:i:1:id:52-2019-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yong Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Guanghua Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Lin Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Jie Xu Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Lifang Hu Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Lunwei Jiang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Author-Name: Shiqiang Liu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, P.R. China Title: Comprehensive genomic analysis and expression profiling of the BTB and TAZ (BT) genes in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Abstract: BTB-TAZ (BT) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors containing a BTB domain and a TAZ domain. They play vital roles in various biological processes and stress responses. In this study, a total of three BT genes (CsBT1-3) were identified from cucumber genome, and they were unevenly distributed in two of the seven chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis of the BT proteins from cucumber, Arabidopsis, apple, tomato, and rice revealed that these proteins could be distinctly divided into two groups in accordance with their motif distributions. We also determined the structures of BT genes from cucumber, Arabidopsis, and rice to demonstrate their differences. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that the CsBT genes displayed differential expression patterns in cucumber tissues, and their expression was regulated by cold, salt, and drought stresses. These findings suggest that CsBT genes may participate in cucumber development and responses to various abiotic stresses. Keywords: abiotic stress, BTB domain, CaMBD domain, gene expression, TAZ domain Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 15-23 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/34/2019-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/34/2019-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-202001-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:56:y:2020:i:1:id:34-2019-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yan Yu Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: College of Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Zheng Song Peng Author-Workplace-Name: School of Agricultural Science, Xichang University, Xichang, Sichuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Ji Peng Qu Author-Workplace-Name: School of Agricultural Science, Xichang University, Xichang, Sichuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Zhen Yong Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Shu Hong Wei Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Ming Li Liao Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Li Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, P.R. China Author-Name: Zai Jun Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China Title: Comparative metabolomics and transcriptomics of pistils, stamens and pistilloid stamens widen key knowledge of pistil and stamen development in wheat. Abstract: To examine the role of metabolites in wheat stamen and pistil development, metabolomic analyses of pistilloid stamens (PS), pistils (P), and stamens (S) from a novel wheat mutant homologous transformation sterility-1 (HTS-1) and controls from their sib-line CSTP were conducted using base gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Then, the metabolomic data were integrated with previously published transcriptomic data and analysed. In total, 141 annotated metabolites were determined from P, PS and S tissues by comparison with reference standards. A total of 90, 93 and 18 different metabolites were identified in S vs. PS, S vs. P and P vs. PS, respectively. Among the different metabolites, 80 may be associated with stamen and pistil growth. Using integration evaluations of both the previous transcriptome data and the 80 various metabolites, we found two perturbed pathways that significantly affect flower development in plants, namely, the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and cysteine and methionine metabolism. The ethylene synthesis pathway, one key branch of the cysteine and methionine metabolic pathways, could have a pivotal role in pistillody growth involving HTS-1. We found two key enzyme genes in the ethylene synthesis pathway (the SAM synthase gene and the ACC synthase gene) that have higher expression levels in stamens than in pistilloid stamens or pistils. We speculate, that the decrease in ethylene content during stamen development leads to pistillody traits in HTS-1. This study helps elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying stamen and pistil growth in wheat. Keywords: metabolome, pistillody, transcriptome, Triticum aestivum L., wheat Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 24-33 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/70/2019-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/70/2019-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-202001-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:56:y:2020:i:1:id:70-2019-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zahra Bahari Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Author-Name: Sima Sazegari Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Biotechnology and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Author-Name: Ali Niazi Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Author-Name: Alireza Afsharifar Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Virology Research Center, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Title: The application of an Agrobacterium-mediated in planta transformation system in a Catharanthus roseus medicinal plant Abstract: The lack of an efficient protocol for the transformation of Catharanthus roseus, as an important medicinal plant, causes obstacles in the genetic engineering programmes of this plant. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine a convenient and reliable system for generating stable transgenic lines based on the in planta method. To do so, two different in planta Agrobacterium infection systems were investigated. The transgenic lines were produced through ovary injection and shoot apical meristem (SAM) immersing methods. The presence and expression of the GFP transgene in the T0 and T1 lines were confirmed by PCR and RT-PCR. Moreover, the ELISA test confirmed the GFP expression in the transgenic lines. Apart from the superiority of the ovary injection over the SAM inoculation due to the normal growth and healthy appearance, it also showed a significant difference from the point of the confirmed transgenic plant numbers. GFP integration was confirmed in 6 out of 50 T1 plants from the ovary injection and only 3 out of 150 plants generated from the SAM inoculation. In addition to the comparison of these two separate methods, we reached a new convenient in planta system by a 12% transformation rate for generating the C. roseus transgenic lines. According to the result of this study, ovary injection can be introduced as a novel, facile, and stable method for the Catharanthus transformation programme. Keywords: gene expression, GFP gene, ovary injection, shoot apical meristem infection, transformation rate Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 34-41 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/153/2018-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/153/2018-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-202001-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:56:y:2020:i:1:id:153-2018-CJGPB