Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jenifer Sylvia Johnson Sunder Singh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Author-Name: Thangaraj Kandasamy Author-Name: Manonmani Swaminathan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Rice, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Author-Name: Raveendran Muthurajan Author-Workplace-Name: Directorate of Research, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Author-Name: Murali Arthanari Palanisamy Author-Workplace-Name: Sugarcane Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Sirugamani, Tamil Nadu, India Author-Name: Vijayalakshmi Dhashnamurthi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Author-Name: Sudha Manickam Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Title: Role of herbicide-tolerant (HT) rice in the weed management of direct seeded crop: Challenges and opportunities Abstract: Food insecurity which has been a global threat, forces researchers to develop crops with increased productivity even under varying climatic conditions. Rice, being a significant staple and strategic crop, helps ensure economic stability, food, and nutritional security globally. It meets 20% of the calorie requirement of people residing all over the world. Lately, rice cultivation and research have been facing hitherto unprecedented difficulties in the context of climate-induced water scarcity and dwindling resources of manpower, arable land, etc. In this regard, direct seeded rice (DSR) as a resource conservation technique is gaining popularity as a potential alternative to conventional transplanting with reduced input requirement, reduced methane and CO2 emission, increased adaptability to climate change, and increased economic returns. The weed menace in DSR prevents it from reaching its fruitful attainment to a significant level. DSR highly depends on herbicide for weed control as manual weeding and other cultural practices are labour intensive which again meets a setback of crop injury (non-selective herbicide) and resistant weeds (selective herbicides). Herbicide-tolerant (HT) rice could be an effective and long-term solution for weed management in DSR. Three HT rice systems, viz., imidazolinones, glyphosate, and glufosinate, have already been developed in this context. This review gives an insight into the need for HT rice in DSR, its production system, limitations, and stewardship guidelines for proper weed management in rice. Keywords: direct seeded rice, geneflow, herbicide, herbicide tolerance, weed menace Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 159-180 Volume: 60 Issue: 4 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/26/2024-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/26/2024-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-202404-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:60:y:2024:i:4:id:26-2024-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tomáš Středa Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana Hajzlerová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jhonny Alba-Mejía Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ivana Jovanović Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Nicole Frantová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Hana Středová Title: Quo vadis, breeding for an efficient root system, in the era of climate change? Abstract: Despite all the complications that arise with root research, such as slow, laborious, and unclear genetics, roots are a promising object of interest for breeders because many root traits are compatible with high yield potential. It is a great challenge for further research that there is a wide demand for information on the "hidden half of plant metabolism" from many research fields. We have summarized the main obstacles in root system research and sketched a solution for breeding in field conditions so that the result was more meaningful to the farmer. (i) The most important challenge in root research is linking the functional identification of root system properties with the aboveground parts. (ii) Field breeding is irreplaceable, and methods allowing the evaluation of roots under field conditions are indispensable. (iii) Low heritability of root system trait discourages breeders. However, root properties show broad genotypic variability, allowing the efficient use of these traits as selection criteria. (iv) The root traits are variable, and many fluctuate under the influence of environmental factors, which complicates efforts to define ideotypes and explains the different conclusions obtained by researchers from different environments. The breeding programs targeting the root system are sporadic even in a global context. This is a great reserve for breeding progress in the era of climate change, water scarcity, a possible shift to extensive farming systems, and in the era of environmental programs. Keywords: adaptive measures, carbon sequestration, drought, ideotype, phenotyping, regenerative agriculture Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 181-211 Volume: 60 Issue: 4 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/57/2024-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/57/2024-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-202404-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:60:y:2024:i:4:id:57-2024-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivana Raimanová Author-Name: Jana Wollnerová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Haberle Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague Ruzyně, Czech Republic Author-Name: Svoboda Pavel Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague Ruzyně, Czech Republic Title: Temperature dependence of nitrate uptake kinetics in Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum dicoccon Schrank cultivars Abstract: Temperature is a key parameter that influences the uptake and subsequent utilization of nitrogen by plants. Both suboptimal and supraoptimal temperatures can impair nutrient uptake. The close relatives of bread wheat provide a possible source for breeders to increase stress tolerance. The effect of the increasing temperature (5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 °C) on nitrate uptake and metabolism in five modern spring cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and two cultivars of emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccon Schrank), was monitored. Wheat plants were grown under controlled conditions in hydroponics. The parameters of Michaelis-Menten kinetics, maximum uptake rate (Vmax), the Michaelis constant (Km) and selected characteristics of nitrate metabolism, the activity of nitrate reductase (NR) and contents of nitrate in leaves were observed. The effect of temperature was significant for all studied traits except Km, while the cultivar factor was significant for Vmax, Km, NR and root/shoot ratio (R/S). Emmer wheat cultivar Rudico had significantly higher Vmax at 5, 15, 20 and 30 °C than all bread wheat cultivars, on average 7.07, in comparison with 4.09-4.43 μmol NO3-/g FW/h in bread wheat cultivars. Emmer wheat Rudico and Tapiruz had significantly higher Km (on average, 41.59 and 47.22 μM NO3-) than bread wheat cultivars (27.59-33.44 μM NO3-). Differences in the studied kinetic parameters of nitrate uptake offer the possibility of using T. dicoccon genotypes in breeding for better nitrogen use efficiency. Keywords: emmer wheat, Km, nitrate assimilation, nitrogen, Vmax Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 212-222 Volume: 60 Issue: 4 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/41/2024-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/41/2024-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-202404-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:60:y:2024:i:4:id:41-2024-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emad Mahmood Al-Maaroof Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biotechnology and Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, IKR, Iraq Author-Name: Sarkawt Hama Salih Ali Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biotechnology and Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, IKR, Iraq Title: Molecular identification of yellow rust resistance genes in some wheat and triticale cultivars and their resistance to Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici Abstract: Yellow rust (YR), caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst), is a global threat to wheat production. In this study the response of 46 wheat and triticale cultivars to Pst at the adult plant stage (APS) was evaluated during two successive growing seasons at Sulaimania, Iraq. Also, we used a molecular analysis to find the yellow rust resistance (Yr) genes present in the individual cultivars. The results revealed large differences in the response to Pst between the cultivars. Most of the cultivars were susceptible to YR; the mean coefficients of infection (CI) varied from 0.23 in cv. Sarah to 83.33 in Hsad. High resistance levels were found in Al-Wand, Kalar 1, Rezan, and Sarahat APS, while Al-Rashid, Charmo, Faris 1, Maaroof, Rabiea, and Iratom displayed moderate resistance. The level of Yellow rust infection was higher in 2023 than in 2022 in most tested cultivars. Molecular analysis revealed the highest number of Yr genes (Yr2, Yr5, Yr7, Yr9, Yrvav, Yr15, Yr24, Yr26, and Yr32) in the cv. Al-Wand, followed by Sulaimani 2 with eight Yr genes (Yr2, Yr5, Yr7, Yr9, Yr15, Yr24, Yr26, and Yr32). Only one Yr gene was found in Iratom and Tamuz 3. Yr2 was the most frequently identified gene, present in the majority of tested cultivars (87%), followed by Yr7 (76%) and Yr9 (74%), respectively. Keywords: DNA extraction, PCR, stripe rust, Triticum aestivum, Yr genes Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 223-236 Volume: 60 Issue: 4 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/39/2024-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/39/2024-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-202404-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:60:y:2024:i:4:id:39-2024-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Changying Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China Author-Name: Hanlin Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China Author-Workplace-Name: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China Author-Name: Han Li Author-Workplace-Name: Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China Author-Name: Qingcheng Qiu Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China Author-Workplace-Name: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China Author-Name: Dabing Xiang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China Author-Workplace-Name: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China Author-Name: Yanxia Liu Title: Transcriptome analyses reveal the toxicity of graphene oxide with different diameters on buckwheat root growth Abstract: Graphene-based materials (GBMs) have become potential soil pollutants due to their wide applications in agricultural environments. Although physiological mechanisms of plant responses to GBMs have been previously explored, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this paper, we analysed the physiological and transcriptomic changes of buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) roots exposed to 100 mg/L graphene oxide (GO) with different diameter. GO negatively affected root growth and higher diameters of GO caused more adverse effects on the root. In total 3 724 GO-responsive genes were identified in root by transcriptome analysis. 70 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in ROS detoxification, and 37 transporter-encoding genes were found to be involved in GO response. These transporters may regulate the uptake and transport of GO in buckwheat. The gene expression of 84 transcription factors (TFs) showed a response to GO stress in the root, which may regulate the transporters and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification-related genes. Finally, the difference in the transcriptomic response of the root to the three GO materials with different diameters was investigated. 49 GO-responsive genes may be involved in the difference in the toxicity of GO with different diameters. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of plant roots to GBMs. Keywords: buckwheat, graphene oxide, phytotoxicity, transcriptome analysis Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 237-248 Volume: 60 Issue: 4 Year: 2024 DOI: 10.17221/69/2024-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/69/2024-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-202404-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:60:y:2024:i:4:id:69-2024-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Editorial Department Title: Index of Volume 60_Authors Index Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: I-IV Volume: 60 Issue: 4 Year: 2024 File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/artkey/cjg-202404-0006_index-of-volume-60-authors-index.php File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:60:y:2024:i:4:id:cjg-202404-0006