Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shanmugam Manju Devi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India Author-Name: John Amalraj Joel Author-Name: Muthurajan Raveendran Author-Workplace-Name: Directorate of Research, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India Author-Name: Ramamoorthy Pushpam Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forage Crops, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India Author-Name: Sengalan Muthuramu Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Station, Paramakudi, India Author-Name: Raman Pushpa Author-Workplace-Name: Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aaduthurai, India Author-Name: N. Sritharan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Rice, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India Author-Name: Periyasamy Prasanna Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India Author-Name: Ramalingam Suresh Title: Unravelling population structure and marker trait association using SSR markers among the identified drought tolerant rice landraces (Oryza sativa L.) Abstract: With climate change, plants face numerous stresses, notably drought for rice cultivation. Improving rice drought tolerance is vital for sustainable production in water-scarce regions. Identification of drought tolerant genotypes at the seedling stage of the crop contributes to build a climate resilient genotype during the period of water scarcity and under challenging environmental conditions. Hence, polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000) induced drought conditions could be used for testing the drought tolerance in rice at an earlier stage of the crop. Optimization of PEG-6000 concentration for screening index at -6 bar was done using three drought-tolerant and two drought-susceptible check varieties based on probit analysis. Subsequently, 100 rice landraces underwent PEG-6000 induced drought screening at -6 bar and a total of 32 genotypes were selected as tolerant. After 14 days of treatment, the nine observations viz. germination %, root length (cm), shoot length (cm), number of secondary roots, fresh weight (g), dry weight (g), shoot/root ratio, root/shoot ratio and vigour index were recorded. Variance analysis, revealing significant genetic variation among genotypes for all studied traits, indicating genetic variability. Post hoc analysis confirmed notable variation among treatments. Principal component analysis revealed three components, with the first three accounting for 88.89% of total variability. With respect to the biplot, the ten genotypes viz., IRGC109, IRGC403, IRGC448, IRGC461, IRGC466, IRGC486, IRGC508, IRGC518, IRGC527 and IRGC535 are the seedling stage drought tolerant genotypes based on shoot length, number of secondary roots and vigour index. Population structure classified the accessions into two subpopulations, reflecting diversity. The allele frequency divergence is 0.095 which is a measure of fixation index revealing that the moderate divergence is not extremely pronounced. Genetic diversity, assessed through 26 SSR markers selected from drought tolerant QTLs and markers related to vigour index, exhibited 100% polymorphism with 115 alleles and an average PIC value of 0.61 per primer. Shannon index varied between 0.34 (RM212) and 1.96 (RM252), averaging 1.18. Six SSR markers viz., RM246, RM302, RM252, RM219, RM251, and RM486 were associated with the six key traits viz., shoot length, root length, number of secondary roots, dry weight, shoot/root ratio, and root/shoot ratio respectively offering valuable resources for selecting drought-tolerant accessions as it provides the first step in the selection of genotypes based on the key traits. Keywords: molecular diversity, polyethylene glycol, polymorphic information content, Shannon index, seed vigour Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 1-22 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/12/2024-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/12/2024-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-202501-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:61:y:2025:i:1:id:12-2024-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Khairul Yusuf Nasution Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia Author-Name: Dani Satyawan Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia Author-Name: Muhamad Yunus Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Applied Botany, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia Author-Name: Azri Kusuma Dewi Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia Author-Name: Puput Melati Author-Workplace-Name: Directorate of Laboratory Management, Research Facilities, and Science and Technology Area, Deputy for Infrastructure Research and Innovation, National Research and Innovation Agency, South Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia Author-Name: Marina Yuniawati Maryono Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia Author-Name: Ita Dwimahyani Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia Author-Name: Wening Enggarini Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Genetic Engineering, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia Author-Name: Sobrizal Title: Detection of genomic loci associated with days to heading in tropical japonica rice through QTL-seq Abstract: This study investigated the genetic basis of days to heading (DTH) in tropical japonica rice using F2 populations derived from late-maturing Rojolele and early-maturing Rojolele Srinuk varieties. Phenotypic analysis of DTH showed continuous distribution and positive skewness. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) derived single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) from early and late-heading bulks were used to identify three candidate regions with strong association to DTH: qDTH3.1 and qDTH3.2 on chromosome 3, and qDTH7.1 on chromosome 7, with the latter linked to the Oryza sativa Pseudo-Response Regulator 37 (OsPRR37) gene. InDel markers validated qDTH7.1's significant linkage to DTH, particularly marker ID14, which is effective for marker-assisted selection of early DTH in Rojolele background. Keywords: bulked segregant analysis, flowering time, genetic regulation, Oryza sativa, whole genome sequencing Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 23-30 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/66/2024-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/66/2024-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-202501-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:61:y:2025:i:1:id:66-2024-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan Dvorak Author-Name: Karin R. Deal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, USA Author-Name: Patrick E. McGuire Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, USA Author-Name: Emily J. Conley Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA Author-Name: James A. Anderson Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA Author-Name: George Fedak Author-Workplace-Name: Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada Author-Name: Julia A. Malvick Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis, USA Author-Name: Han Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis, USA Author-Name: Hans-Georg Müller Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis, USA Title: High levels of type II Fusarium head blight resistance conferred in wheat by combining wheat gene Fhb1 with Lophopyrum elongatum gene Fhb7The2  Abstract: Wheat Fusarium head blight (FHB) leads to losses of grain yield and quality. Ingestion of diseased grain is detrimental to human health due to the mycotoxins present in the grain. Developing resistant cultivars for environments where FHB is prevalent is therefore an important breeding objective. One of the most effective wheat genes conferring type II resistance to FHB is Fhb1, originally discovered in the Chinese cultivar (cv) Sumai 3. Another excellent FHB resistance gene is Fhb7 located on the long arm of Lophopyrum elongatum chromosome 7E. Several alleles of Fhb7 have been identified. Allele Fhb7The2 was found in disomic substitution lines 7E(7A), 7E(7B) and 7E(7D) derived from amphiploid AgCS. The amphiploid was produced from a hybrid Triticum aestivum cv Chinese Spring × L. elongatum. To find if combining Fhb7The2 with Fhb1 confers higher resistance in wheat than single genes, an introgression line derived from AgCS and possessing Fhb7The2 was recurrently backcrossed to bread wheat cv Rollag and MN-Washburn possessing Fhb1. Experimental lines possessing both Fhb7The2 and Fhb1 were developed and validated cytogenetically and with the L. elongatum genome-wide Sequenom SNP MassARRAY. Spikes of these lines, parental cv Rollag and MN-Washburn, and those of disomic addition line 7E possessing Fhb7The2 plus controls were inoculated with Fusarium in a twice-replicated trial in controlled greenhouse environmental conditions. FHB infection rates were significantly lower in lines combining Fhb7The2 with Fhb1 than in materials with Fhb7The2 or Fhb1 alone. Keywords: aneuploidy, bread wheat, disomic addition, ditelosomic addition, introgression, meiotic stability, Robertsonian translocation, Sequenom, SNP, Thinopyrum Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 31-42 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/104/2024-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/104/2024-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-202501-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:61:y:2025:i:1:id:104-2024-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Claudia Marissa Calderón Torres Author-Name: Victoria Abril Mancilla Galván Author-Workplace-Name: Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México Author-Name: Miguel Murguía Romero Author-Workplace-Name: Unidad de Informática para la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México Title: The insertion of an ancestral gene in Nicotiana tabacum plants reduces free radicals during saline irrigation Abstract: Transgenic organisms modified with ancestral genes for nitrogen metabolism are rare. Previously, it was reported that genetically modified Nicotiana tabacum with the ARO4 gene of aromatic amino acid synthesis from the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii increases its growth during moderate salt stress. In this investigation, it was explored if the changes in the expression of the gene DhARO4 in Nicotiana tabacum, during saline irrigation, are related to the chlorophyll content and the total reactive oxygen species production. Seedlings of transgenic and wild type Nicotiana tabacum germinated in standard conditions were divided into two irrigation groups, with 100 mM of NaCl and with tap water; and, after 50 days, in the non-senescent adult leaves of the plants, the total chlorophyll a and b and the total chlorophyll content were determined by spectrophotometry and the reactive oxygen species production (*OH, 1O2, H2O2) was quantified by a 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein assay. The expression of the DhARO4 gene was verified with a salt shock of 100 mM of NaCl for 24 hours in the transgenic and wild type plants in the tap water irrigation group. The DhARO4 gene transcript increased (P < 0.05) in the transgenic plant; meanwhile, the average concentration of chlorophyll a increased (P < 0.05), and the average production of reactive oxygen species decreased (P < 0.05). Keywords: gene DhARO4, gene expression, genetically modified organisms, salt stress, tobacco plant Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 43-49 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/107/2024-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/107/2024-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-202501-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:61:y:2025:i:1:id:107-2024-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chudamani Sharma Prakash Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, USA Author-Name: Lihua Wang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China Author-Workplace-Name: Anhui Province International Joint Research Center of Forage Bio-breeding, Chuzhou, China Author-Name: Qi Shen Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China Author-Name: Jieqin Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China Author-Workplace-Name: Anhui Province International Joint Research Center of Forage Bio-breeding, Chuzhou, China Author-Name: Yi-Hong Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, USA Title: Overexpression of a sorghum SnRK1βγ2 gene increases the biomass in Setaria viridis but not in rice Abstract: Sorghum as a C4 crop has been shown to be both drought tolerant and photosynthetically productive. In this study, we demonstrated that sorghum SbSnRK1βγ2 (SbSNF4-2), the γ subunit of the sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1)/SNF1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) heterotrimeric complex, increased the plant height and biomass in Setaria viridis, a C4 relative of sorghum, but not in rice, a C3 relative, when overexpressed driven by the maize ubiquitin promoter. However, the overexpression did not increase the tiller number in S. viridis, although it caused modest increases in the tiller number in both sorghum and rice. In addition, SbSnRK1βγ2 did not affect the panicle weight in sorghum, but its overexpression doubled the panicle weight in S. viridis in all four evaluated transgenic lines. Overall, the overexpression of SbSnRK1βγ2 tripled the biomass production in S. viridis, indicating SbSnRK1βγ2's potential in any future cellulosic biofuel production and S. viridis' utility as an alternative genetic vehicle to functionally characterise sorghum genes. Keywords: plant height, SbSNF4-2, Sorghum bicolor, tiller number Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 50-53 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2025 DOI: 10.17221/63/2024-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/63/2024-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-202501-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:61:y:2025:i:1:id:63-2024-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Editorial Department Title: LIST OF REVIEWERS 2024 Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: I Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2025 File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/artkey/cjg-202501-0006_list-of-reviewers-2024.php File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:61:y:2025:i:1:id:cjg-202501-0006