Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicole Frantová Author-Name: Ilja Tom Prášil Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Stress Biology and Biotechnology, Czech Agrifood Research Center, Praha, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ludmila Holková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Protection, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Seasonal and microclimate-responsive expression of VRN-A1 and VRN-B1 in wheat under field conditions Abstract: The need of vernalisation, controlled by the gene VRN-1, impacts wheat adaptation and yield stability, yet field evidence on the plasticity of VRN-1 homoeologs expression is limited. We quantified VRN-1 homoeolog dynamics across two sites and two seasons in seven cultivars, by sampling their apex and leaf. VRN-A1 varied with genotype (P < 0.001***), tissue (apex > leaf; P < 0.001***), apex development (P < 0.001***), day length (P < 0.001***), and to a lesser extent, on short-term freezing exposure, quantified as a 5-day freezing-degree sum (FDS; P = 0.019*). Photoperiod class (Ppd-D1a vs Ppd-D1b) added an additional effect (P = 0.001***). VRN-B1 showed strong genotype effects (P < 0.001***), a modest effect of site on its expression (P = 0.025*), and pronounced associations with microclimate variables (day length, thermal sums, freezing exposure; all P < 0.001***). Directionally, Ppd-D1a backgrounds tended to advance the development while showing earlier apex VRN-A1 peaks. Overall, VRN-A1 expression mainly reflected developmental stage and seasonal forcing, whereas VRN-B1 might be more microclimate-responsive, indicating complementary roles for timing and stress-response plasticity. To isolate causal effects and to further explain these dynamics, targeted sequencing and tests in near-isogenic lines will be needed in future work. Keywords: field-based gene expression, flowering time adaptation, photoperiod sensitivity, Triticum aestivum, VRN-1 homoeologs Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 53-63 Volume: 62 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/76/2025-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/76/2025-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-202602-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:62:y:2026:i:2:id:76-2025-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Petr Sedlák Author-Name: Vladimíra Sedláková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech Univeristy of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jakub Vašek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech Univeristy of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ervín Hausvater Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Potato Protection, Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod, Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Name: Daniela Čílová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech Univeristy of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martina Melounová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech Univeristy of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jiří Ptáček Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetic Resources, Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod, Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petr Doležal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Potato Protection, Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod, Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic Title: Evaluating the discriminatory ability and informativeness of DArTseq markers in a comprehensive set of contemporary European potato varieties Abstract: High-throughput molecular technology DArTseq generates markers for potential use in molecular breeding of crops. Using DArTseq, we analysed a comprehensive set of 333 European potato varieties reflecting the outcomes of long-term breeding history and representing a potential germplasm for future breeding of potatoes in the Central European region. The varieties were classified according to four factors: region of origin, breeder, earliness and utilisation mode, that may potentially reflect their genetic structure, and for which complete data were publicly available. The DArTseq analysis was performed by the service centre, the Diversity Array Technology (University of Canberra), which generated approximately 38 000 silicoDArT and 64 000 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) polymorphic markers. The discriminatory ability of the markers in relation to the factors was confirmed using neighbour-joining and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), while the informativeness was assessed using the discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC). The analyses identified the 50 SNPs most strongly associated with each factor, along with their highly probable chromosomal localisation. Herein presented research contributes to the evaluation of potato genetic resources by adding the novel molecular data of active germplasm and implies their future utilisation in genome wide association studies and marker assisted selection. Keywords: diversity array technology, genetic diversity, potato genetic resources, SNP markers, tetraploid potato Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 64-75 Volume: 62 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/103/2025-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/103/2025-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-202602-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:62:y:2026:i:2:id:103-2025-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dwinita Wikan Utami Author-Name: Adhityo Wicaksono Author-Workplace-Name: Scientific Department, Genomik Solidaritas Indonesia (GSI Lab), Jakarta, Indonesia Author-Name: M. Khais Prayoga Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona, Bandung, Indonesia Author-Name: Heri Syahrian Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona, Bandung, Indonesia Author-Name: Vitria P. Rahadi Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona, Bandung, Indonesia Author-Name: Erdiansyah Rezamela Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona, Bandung, Indonesia Author-Name: Budi Martono Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Estate Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, West Java Province, Indonesia Author-Name: Tri Joko Santoso Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Horticulture, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, West Java Province, Indonesia Author-Name: Nur Kholilatul Izzah Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Estate Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, West Java Province, Indonesia Author-Name: Haris Maulana Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Horticulture, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, West Java Province, Indonesia Author-Name: Ady Daryanto Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Horticulture, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, West Java Province, Indonesia Author-Name: Rerenstradika Tizar Terryana Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Applied Botany, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, West Java Province, Indonesia Author-Name: Imas Rita Saadah Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Horticulture, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, West Java Province, Indonesia Author-Name: David Virya Chen Author-Workplace-Name: Scientific Department, Genomik Solidaritas Indonesia (GSI Lab), Jakarta, Indonesia Title: Whole genome sequencing analysis of two sinensis tea (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis) clones: Assessment of molecular variations to search for breeding markers Abstract: Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) is a globally important crop valued for its flavour diversity and health benefits. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to compare genomic variation and functional potential between clone Yabukita and locally adapted clone I.1.93. Using next-generation sequencing, approximately 10× genome coverage was achieved for both clones, with high mapping efficiency (98.24% for Yabukita and 97.88% for clone I.1.93), ensuring reliable downstream analyses. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis revealed distinct genomic patterns, with Yabukita showing a more uniform chromosomal SNP distribution, while clone I.1.93 exhibited higher SNP densities on specific chromosomes, particularly chromosomes 5 and 13. Silent mutations predominated in Yabukita (48.21%), whereas missense mutations were more frequent in clone I.1.93 (57.97%), suggesting greater functional divergence. Most SNPs occurred in non-coding regions, indicating potential regulatory roles. GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed highly similar shared pathways, including photosynthesis and protein interactions, alongside clone-specific enrichment related to photosynthesis in Yabukita and stress responses in clone I.1.93. miRNA profiling identified distinct regulatory patterns, including the clone-specific miR530 in clone I.1.93. Biosynthetic gene cluster analysis further predicted secondary metabolite pathways associated with terpenoid, polyketide, and saccharide biosynthesis. These findings provide valuable genomic insights for tea improvement and breeding programs. Keywords: comparative genomics, next-generation sequencing, single-nucleotide polymorphism, tea breeding Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 76-88 Volume: 62 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/116/2025-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/116/2025-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-202602-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:62:y:2026:i:2:id:116-2025-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thuy Thi Xuan Vi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Tay Bac University, Son La, Viet Nam Author-Name: Dang Xuan Hoang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Tay Bac University, Son La, Viet Nam Author-Name: Tra Thi Nguyen Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Vaccine and Applied DNA Technology, Institute of Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Viet Nam Author-Name: Ngoc Bich Pham Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Vaccine and Applied DNA Technology, Institute of Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Viet Nam Author-Name: Quan Huu Nguyen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Thai Nguyen University of Education, Thai Nguyen, Viet Nam Author-Name: Mau Hoang Chu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Thai Nguyen University of Education, Thai Nguyen, Viet Nam Title: The AhDREB transgene expression activates NtP5CS and NtSUSY, promoting osmotic adjustment in transgenic tobacco under salt stress Abstract: Soil salinity is a major environmental constraint that limits the growth and productivity of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), a legume adapted to mildly acidic soils but highly sensitive to saline-alkaline conditions. Dehydration-Responsive Element Binding (DREB) transcription factors are key regulators of plant responses to abiotic stresses. In this study, the AhDREB gene from peanut was introduced into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) to examine its functional role under salt stress. The transgenic lines (L32.2 and L37.2) exhibited strong induction of AhDREB expression upon exposure to 150 and 250 mM NaCl, with transcript levels increasing up to 2.34-fold compared with untreated controls (P < 0.001). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that AhDREB enhanced the transcription of two osmolyte-related genes, NtP5CS and NtSUSY. Under saline conditions, the expression of these genes was 1.20-1.89-fold higher in transgenic lines than in wild-type (WT) plants and 4.74-7.66-fold higher than in non-stress conditions (P < 0.001). Consistently, both lines accumulated greater amounts of proline and soluble sugars, showing 2.09-2.30-fold and 2.40-4.70-fold increases, respectively, compared with the WT. Relative to non-stress conditions, proline and sugar contents increased by 3.59-5.47 fold and 3.75-7.65-fold, respectively. Line L37.2 accumulated higher proline levels, whereas L32.2 exhibited greater sugar content, indicating distinct osmolyte regulation patterns. Overall, the AhDREB gene enhances salt tolerance in tobacco by transcriptionally activating osmolyte biosynthetic pathways and improving cellular osmotic adjustment, providing molecular evidence for its potential application in developing stress-tolerant peanut cultivars. Keywords: abiotic stress, Arachis hypogaea, downstream genes, osmolyte regulation, transcription factor Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 89-101 Volume: 62 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/124/2025-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/124/2025-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-202602-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:62:y:2026:i:2:id:124-2025-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bismark Anokye Author-Workplace-Name: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria Author-Name: Peter Amoah Author-Workplace-Name: Departement of Crop Production and Landscape Management, University of Ebonyi State, Abakaliki, Nigeria Author-Name: Bardee Wrojay Potter Author-Workplace-Name: Pan African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute (including Health and Agriculture), Ibadan, Nigeria Author-Name: Abdoul-Razak Oumarou Mahamane Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Sciences, North-West University (Mahikeng Campus), Mmabatho, South Africa Author-Name: Theophilus Adu-Gyamfi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Author-Name: Levitikos Dembure Author-Workplace-Name: Departement of Crop Production and Landscape Management, University of Ebonyi State, Abakaliki, Nigeria Author-Name: Nezif Abajebal Abadura Author-Workplace-Name: Departement of Crop Production and Landscape Management, University of Ebonyi State, Abakaliki, Nigeria Author-Name: Bunmi Olasanmi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Author-Name: Elizabeth Parkes Title: Genetic diversity assessment of hydrogen cyanide, total carotenoid content, and dry matter content in biofortified cassava using trait-linked SNP markers Abstract: Assessing of genetic diversity is essential for identifying useful alleles for crop improvement. This study evaluated genetic diversity among two cassava breeding populations for total carotenoid content (TCC), dry matter content (DMC), and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) concentration using trait-linked single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. A total of 360 genotypes were analysed, including 261 from the IITA breeding programme (Population 1), 23 progenitor lines, and 76 from the University of Ibadan Cassava (UIC) breeding programme (Population 2). Minor allele frequency (MAF), gene diversity (GD), observed heterozygosity (He), and polymorphic information content (PIC) were computed. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering were performed to examine genetic variation and population structure. Call rates were high (96-100%). MAF ranged from 0.00 to 0.50, with mean values of 0.28, 0.28, and 0.29 for Population 1, Population 2, and progenitors, respectively. GD averaged 0.36, 0.36, and 0.35 across these groups. Observed heterozygosity was 0.42, 0.41, and 0.43, while PIC values averaged 0.29, 0.27, and 0.27 for Population 1, Population 2, and progenitors, respectively. PCA and clustering analyses grouped the genotypes into three clusters containing 257, 88, and 15 genotypes. The first two principal components explained 39.1% of the total genetic variation. The results indicate substantial genetic diversity among the studied genotypes, suggesting strong potential for allele pyramiding and highlighting the informativeness of the SNP markers used. Keywords: biofortification, cassava, dry matter content, genetic diversity, hydrogen cyanide, SNP markers, total carotenoid Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 102-114 Volume: 62 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/121/2025-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/121/2025-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjg-202602-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:62:y:2026:i:2:id:121-2025-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Antonín Dreiseitl Author-Workplace-Name: Zemědělský výzkumný ústav Kroměříž, Kroměříž, Czech Republic Author-Name: Věra Kroftová Author-Workplace-Name: Zemědělský výzkumný ústav Kroměříž, Kroměříž, Czech Republic Title: The 90th Birthday of RNDr. Erik Schwarzbach, Dr. agr. habil. (*6 April 1936) Abstract: - Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 115-116 Volume: 62 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/31/2026-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/31/2026-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/31/2026-CJGPB.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:62:y:2026:i:2:id:31-2026-CJGPB Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mezlík Tomáš Author-Workplace-Name: National Plant Variety Office, Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Brno, Czech Republic Title: List of field crop varieties registered in the Czech Republic in 2025 Abstract: - Journal: Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding Pages: 117-119 Volume: 62 Issue: 2 Year: 2026 DOI: 10.17221/30/2026-CJGPB File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/30/2026-CJGPB.html File-Format: text/html File-URL: http://cjgpb.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/30/2026-CJGPB.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjg:v:62:y:2026:i:2:id:30-2026-CJGPB