Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Máchal Author-Workplace-Name: , S. J 2, M. Z 2, E. S 3 1Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Jeřábek Author-Workplace-Name: , S. J 2, M. Z 2, E. S 3 1Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Zatloukal Author-Workplace-Name: , S. J 2, M. Z 2, E. S 3 1Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Straková Author-Workplace-Name: , S. J 2, M. Z 2, E. S 3 1Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Defective eggs and their relationship to egg yield, egg and body weight in hens of five original laying lines Abstract: We investigated 3 985 individually housed hens of five original laying lines of two breeds RIR and BPR. The proportion of abnormal eggs out of the eggs laid before the age of 240 days ranged between 7.0% and 9.7%, in dependence on the line. The average number of cracked eggs ranged between 2.5% and 4.4%, double-yolk eggs between 2.2% and 3.0% and shell-less eggs between 2.0% and 2.7%. The correlation between the number of eggs laid at the beginning of the laying period and during the period of observation, and the frequency of double-yolk eggs was positive (rP = 0.00 to rP = 0.21) and mostly statistically highly significant (P < 0.01). On the other hand, statistically highly significant negative correlations (P < 0.01) were found between the number of eggs laid during the period of observation and the frequency of cracked eggs, where the correlations in the individual lines ranged between rP = -0.04 and rP = -0.23. Positive correlations, mostly statistically highly significant (P < 0.01), were found between the number of eggs laid during the period of observation and the frequency of shell-less eggs (rP = 0.00 to rP = 0.15). With the increasing weight of eggs the frequency of abnormal eggs also increased, in particular of double-yolk eggs (rP = 0.08 to rp= 0.32), for the most part statistically highly significantly (P < 0.01). The correlations between the individual types of abnormal eggs were positive. Statistically highly significant correlations (P < 0.01) were discovered between the frequency of double-yolk eggs and cracked eggs (rP = -0.02 to rp= 0.22) on the one hand and, between double-yolk eggs and shell-less eggs (rP = 0.16 to rP = 0.24) on the other. Keywords: hens, cracked eggs, double-yolk eggs, shell-less eggs, egg yield, egg weight, body weight Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 51-57 Volume: 49 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4279-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4279-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200402-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:2:id:4279-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Skotarczak Author-Workplace-Name: , M. S 2, A. D 1, K. M 1, T. S 2 1Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, 2Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, August Cieszkowski Agricultural University of Poznań, Poland Author-Name: M. Szyd Author-Workplace-Name: , M. S 2, A. D 1, K. M 1, T. S 2 1Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, 2Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, August Cieszkowski Agricultural University of Poznań, Poland Author-Name: A. Dobek Author-Workplace-Name: , M. S 2, A. D 1, K. M 1, T. S 2 1Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, 2Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, August Cieszkowski Agricultural University of Poznań, Poland Author-Name: K. Moli Author-Workplace-Name: , M. S 2, A. D 1, K. M 1, T. S 2 1Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, 2Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, August Cieszkowski Agricultural University of Poznań, Poland Author-Name: T. Szwaczkowski Author-Workplace-Name: , M. S 2, A. D 1, K. M 1, T. S 2 1Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, 2Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, August Cieszkowski Agricultural University of Poznań, Poland Title: The algorithm of Bayesian estimation of maternal genetic and permanent maternal environmental variances in a two-trait binary threshold model Abstract: The paper presents an algorithm for the estimation and prediction of parameters in a two-trait binary threshold model. The model includes fixed effects and the following random effects: genetic direct additive, genetic maternal additive and permanent maternal environmental effects. The Gibbs sampling procedure was used to estimate the parameters. The algorithm was illustrated with a numerical example showing appropriateness of the proposed method. Keywords: binary traits, genetic effects, Gibbs sampling, threshold model, maternal effects Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 58-63 Volume: 49 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4280-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4280-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200402-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:2:id:4280-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Stupka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pig and Poultry Science, Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Šprysl Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pig and Poultry Science, Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Pour Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pig and Poultry Science, Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Analysis of the formation of the belly in relation to sex Abstract: The aim of the study was to analyse the formation of pig belly in relation to sex. The analysis included in total 193 slaughter pigs of final hybrids currently used in the Czech Republic. The pigs were slaughtered at the age of 166-175 days. The VIA method according to the methodology of Schwerdtfeger et al. (1993) was used to evaluate the formation of belly and to estimate the percentage of lean meat. The calculation of the lean meat and its proportion in the belly was based on the equation according to Čítek (2002). The belly in total as well as the EU belly in barrows reached the weight of 7.85 kg and 4.35 kg, respectively, and in gilts 7.66 kg and 4.12 kg, respectively. With almost the same weight of dressed carcasses, the belly in barrows accounted for a higher proportion, i.e. 9.96% compared to 9.56% in gilts. In terms of percentage the gilts had a statistically highly significantly higher proportion of meat in the EU belly, namely by 3.32% compared to barrows. At all points of measurement the higher total area of the belly section was found in barrows compared to gilts. A comparison of the percentage proportion of lean meat area in the total belly area at individual points of measurement indicated statistically significantly higher values in gilts than in barrows. It was confirmed that in the section area from point 1 to point 3 the deposition of fat in barrows was higher with the values of the meat area ranging from 58.15% to 56.09%. On the other hand, in gilts the differences between individual sections were very small: 61.25%, 61.99% and 61.49%. Keywords: pig, belly, sex, meat percentage Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 64-70 Volume: 49 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4281-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4281-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200402-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:2:id:4281-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Skřivanová Author-Workplace-Name: , M. S 1,2, E. T 1,2, S. Š 1 1Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Skřivan Author-Workplace-Name: , M. S 1,2, E. T 1,2, S. Š 1 1Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Tůmová Author-Workplace-Name: , M. S 1,2, E. T 1,2, S. Š 1 1Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Ševčíková Author-Workplace-Name: , M. S 1,2, E. T 1,2, S. Š 1 1Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Influence of dietary vitamin e and copper on fatty acid profile and cholesterol content of raw and cooked broiler meat Abstract: We examined the influence of a diet containing 4% of rapeseed oil, 35 mg or 126 mg copper and supplement of 100 mg vitamin E per 1 kg on fatty acid profile and cholesterol content in raw and cooked broiler leg meat. Copper was added to feed mixtures as CuSO4.5H2O. The fatty acid profile and cholesterol content were also determined in raw, stewed and roasted meat of broilers receiving the same diet but with a supplement of 20 mg vitamin E. The results showed that 126 and 35 mg Cu/kg significantly increased oleic acid content. Monounsaturated fatty acids accounted for 51% and 52% of all fatty acids. The relatively low copper concentration of 35 mg/kg feed with a major portion of soybean, wheat and maize and vitamin E supplementation of 100 mg/kg reduced (P < 0.01) EPA by 17%, DPA by 16% and DHA by 11 and 15% (P < 0.05). All tested copper doses reduced cholesterol: 126 mg Cu by 22%, 35 mg by 6% and 126 mg in combination with 35 mg copper in relation to broiler age by 7% (P < 0.05); none of the cooking procedures influenced cholesterol. Meat cooking in experiment 1 did not influence the content of any fatty acid. Copper × cooking interactions were insignificant for all fatty acids and cholesterol. In experiment 2 more changes in the numerical values of fatty acids were caused by stewing compared to roasting. Among the valuable fatty acids n-3 long chain acids were influenced by both cooking procedures to the largest extent. Docosahexaenoic acid was reduced to about 60% of the original value (P < 0.05). On the other hand, a decrease in myristic acid by 14% in stewed meat and 12% in roasted meat (P < 0.05) was positive. Keywords: broiler, copper sulphate, leg meat, cooking, fatty acids, cholesterol Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 71-79 Volume: 49 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4282-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4282-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200402-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:2:id:4282-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Wójcik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: J. Sowińska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: K. Iwańczuk-Czernik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: T. Mituniewicz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland Title: The effect of a housing system in slaughter turkeys on mechanical damage to carcass and meat quality Abstract: The aim of the experiment was to find out whether the housing of Polish white broad-breasted heavy type turkeys J-22 on slatted floor (group I) and litter floor (group II) has an effect on the final body weight, body weight loss during transportation, mechanical damage to carcass and physical and chemical properties of breast meat. The turkeys were kept in controlled environment: turkey hens for 16 weeks (group I - 29 birds; group II - 30 birds) and turkey cocks for 23 weeks (group I - 21 birds; group II - 28 birds) in compliance with the parameters recommended for this species. The turkey cocks kept on the slatted floor made of metal mesh had lower final body weight (11 929 g), higher body weight losses during transportation (2.41%) and higher number of birds with damaged carcasses (95%) in comparison with the turkey cocks kept on the litter floor (13 307 g, 1.94% and 54%, respectively). Moreover, higher levels of lactic acid (turkey hens 119.83 µM/g; turkey cocks 148.09 µM/g) and larger juice area (6.5 cm2, 8.27 cm2, respectively) in breast meat after slaughter were found in the turkeys of both sexes kept on the slatted floor compared to the turkeys kept on the litter floor (108.79 µM/g and 6.25 cm2, respectively for turkey hens and 128.29 µM/g and 5.23 cm2, respectively for turkey cocks). The values of meat pH1, pH2 and pH3 for all the groups were typical of good quality meat and ranged between pH1 6.22-6.27, pH2 5.85-6.06 and pH3 5.55-5.64. However the production performance results indicate that the housing of heavy turkeys on slatted floor is not recommended. Keywords: turkeys, losses, type of floor, mechanical damage, meat quality Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 80-85 Volume: 49 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4283-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4283-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200402-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:2:id:4283-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Jiskrová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Misař Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Svobodová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Comparison of the performance and precocity of winners of the most important european classic races Abstract: Racing performance of winners of European classic races and of two-year-old horses was compared on the basis of two classic races: 1 600-1 609 m (one mile) and 2 100-2 414 m (derby). The horses included in our comparisons were winners of classic races held in England, France and Ireland in 1993-2002. The performance of the winners of classic races was based on the international classification of the performance of three-year-old horses (Classifications internationales) in kg and lb (rating) and used as the characteristics of performance. Comparisons of the correlations between the performance of winners of the most important classic races and their performance rating as two-year-olds were based on the results of 126 winners of 13 classic races. We calculated Pearson's correlation. The correlation coefficients of all the groups concerned were low (r = 0.109-0.325). The correlation coefficient of racing performances was significant (P < 0.05) only in the classic mile mare race. Keywords: horses, English thoroughbred, racing performance, classic races Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 86-92 Volume: 49 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4284-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4284-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200402-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:2:id:4284-CJAS