Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Petrová Author-Workplace-Name: , M. S 2, E. C 2, D. Š 2, R. R 2 1Grammar School, Říčany near Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Sedmíková Author-Workplace-Name: , M. S 2, E. C 2, D. Š 2, R. R 2 1Grammar School, Říčany near Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Chmelíková Author-Workplace-Name: , M. S 2, E. C 2, D. Š 2, R. R 2 1Grammar School, Říčany near Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Švestková Author-Workplace-Name: , M. S 2, E. C 2, D. Š 2, R. R 2 1Grammar School, Říčany near Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Rajmon Author-Workplace-Name: , M. S 2, E. C 2, D. Š 2, R. R 2 1Grammar School, Říčany near Prague, Czech Republic Title: In vitro aging of porcine oocytes Abstract: Porcine oocytes matured in vitro develop in various ways if they are further cultivated. In our studies these oocytes were cultivated for 1 to 5 days (in vitro aging). During the 1st day of aging, most of them remained at the stage of metaphase II (98%). Then many oocytes underwent the spontaneous parthenogenetic activation. The portion of activated oocytes reached its peak after 2 or 3 days of aging in vitro (39 or 45%). The portion of fragmented oocytes peaked at the same time (28%). During subsequent aging in vitro (i.e. day 4 or 5 of aging), the portion of lysed oocytes significantly increased (30 or 37%). The highest portion of spontaneously activated parthenogenetic embryos at a pronuclear stage (35%) was observed during the 2nd day of aging in vitro. These pronuclear embryos had mainly one polar body with two pronuclei (47% of all pronuclear embryos) or two polar bodies with one pronucleus (38% of all pronuclear embryos). During the 3rd and 5th day of in vitro aging, there was a significant increase in the portion of parthenogenetic embryos cleaved to the 2-cell or 3-cell stage. When considering the prolonged in vitro culture of porcine oocyte, only the first day of aging should be taken into account, since beyond this time significant changes, i.e. parthenogenesis, fragmentation or lysis, occurred in oocytes under in vitro conditions. Keywords: pig, oocyte, parthenogenesis, fragmentation Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 93-98 Volume: 49 Issue: 3 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4285-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4285-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200403-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:3:id:4285-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Kłosowska Author-Workplace-Name: , J. K 2, G. E -W 1, W. K 3, K. W 1, M. P Author-Name: J. Kurył Author-Workplace-Name: , J. K 2, G. E -W 1, W. K 3, K. W 1, M. P Author-Name: G. Elminowska-Wenda Author-Workplace-Name: , J. K 2, G. E -W 1, W. K 3, K. W 1, M. P Author-Name: W. Kapela Author-Workplace-Name: , J. K 2, G. E -W 1, W. K 3, K. W 1, M. P Author-Name: K. Walasik Author-Workplace-Name: , J. K 2, G. E -W 1, W. K 3, K. W 1, M. P Author-Name: M. Pierzcha Author-Workplace-Name: , J. K 2, G. E -W 1, W. K 3, K. W 1, M. P Author-Name: D. Cieślak Author-Workplace-Name: , J. K 2, G. E -W 1, W. K 3, K. W 1, M. P Author-Name: J. Bogucka Author-Workplace-Name: , J. K 2, G. E -W 1, W. K 3, K. W 1, M. P Title: A relationship between the PCR-RFLP polymorphism in porcine MYOG, MYOD1 and MYF5 genes and microstructural characteristics of m. longissimus lumborum in Pietrain × (Polish Large White × Polish Landrace) crosses Abstract: Muscle fibre formation takes place during embryonic development and is regulated by the MyoD gene family, which consists of four genes, MYOD1, myogenin, MYF5 and MRF4. A relationship was studied between MYOD1, myogenin and MYF5 genotypes and microstructural characteristics of the m. longissimus lumborum in pigs - crosses: Pietrain × (Polish Large White × Polish Landrace). The data included 115 unrelated animals slaughtered at about 105 kg live body weight. Within 45 min after exsanguination, samples were taken from the m. longissimus lumborum, frozen in liquid nitrogen and later analysed for the diameter of slow-twitch oxidative, fast-twitch oxidative and fast-twitch low-oxidative fibres, their proportion in a bundle, the proportion of pathological changes and number of fibres per unit area. The RYR1 and MyoD genotypes were determined using the PCR-RFLP technique. A significant or highly significant relation was observed between the diameter of all types of muscle fibres and genotype RYR1 - the highest values were recorded for homozygotes TT (genetically stress-sensitive). A relation between MyoD genotypes and microstructural characteristics of the m. longissimus lumborum was analysed on a group of 93 animals of the genotype CC or CT at locus RYR1. Sex appeared to have no significant effect on the muscle microstructural traits in this group of animals. The content of fast-twitch oxidative fibres (FTO) was significantly related to the MYF5 genotype, whereas that of fast-twitch low-oxidative fibres (FT) was affected by the MYOD1 and MYF5/DdeI genotypes. The proportion of angular fibres in a bundle was related to MYF5/HinfI genotype. The results showed that MyoD genes could be considered as candidate genes for some microstructural characteristics of m. longissimus lumborum in pigs. Keywords: MyoD genes, muscle fibres, pig, muscle microstructure Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 99-107 Volume: 49 Issue: 3 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4286-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4286-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200403-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:3:id:4286-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N. Senkoylu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, Trakya University, Tekirdag, Turkey Author-Name: H. Akyurek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, Trakya University, Tekirdag, Turkey Author-Name: HE Samli Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, Trakya University, Tekirdag, Turkey Title: Implications of b-glucanase and pentosanase enzymes in low-energy low-protein barley and wheat based broiler diets Abstract: This study was conducted to test the effects of a commercial enzyme (with beta-glucanase and pentosanase activities) supplemented into low-protein low-energy barley and wheat based broiler diets on broiler performance. The enzyme was added at 500 g/ton into broiler grower and finisher diets consisting of mainly wheat at 76%, 85% or barley 67%, 75%, respectively. Four dietary treatments were wheat, wheat + enzyme, barley, barley + enzyme. Each treatment had six replications. This experiment was planned according to a completely randomised design by placing ten 14-day-old mixed male and female chicks into one experimental cage unit with wire floor. Cobb broiler chicks were used in this study. Experimental grower and finisher diets were fed to chicks between 14-28 and 28-42 days of age, respectively. One-day-old chicks were fed a standard starter diet (23% protein; 12.77 MJ ME/kg) according to NRC (1994) recommendations. Grower diet and finisher diets were formulated to be 10% lower than NRC (1994) with respect to the protein and metabolisable energy content. Body weight, average weight gain (14-42 days period), feed intake and feed efficiency ratio were measured at 42 days of age. The results of this study demonstrated that the enzyme with beta-glucanase and pentosanase activities supplemented into barley-based broiler diets significantly (P < 0.05) improved body weight by 10%, from 1 779 to 1 958 g, and gain by 12%, from 1 485 to 1 657 g, respectively. However, when the same enzyme was supplemented into wheat-based diets, no improvement (P < 0.05) was obtained in body weight and feed efficiency, being 1 723 and 1 677 g and 1 973 and 1 957, respectively for wheat and wheat + enzyme groups. The feed efficiency ratio was also significantly (P < 0.05) improved in barley-based diet from 1.898 to 1.845 by enzyme addition during the 14-42 days experimental period. Keywords: beta-glucanase, pentosanase, enzymes, barley, wheat, broiler diets Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 108-114 Volume: 49 Issue: 3 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4287-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4287-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200403-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:3:id:4287-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Pipek Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Jeleníková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Sarnovský Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The use of video image analysis for fat content estimation Abstract: The composition of selected cuts of cattle carcasses was determined in connection with the search for new methods of carcass classification. The content of adipose tissue and intramuscular fat in the cross-section of beef loin was estimated. A total of 79 samples was taken for investigations in a broad range of cattle category. The classical extraction method in Soxhlet extractor was compared with video image analysis, which measured the ratio of muscle to fat areas. The size and the shape of the musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis (MLLT) and its ratio in the loin cross-section was also estimated. A good correlation (r = 0.99, P < 0.05) between both methods was found for the estimation of intramuscular fat in MLLT. The correlation in the case of the whole cross-section was influenced by the connective tissue that gives also white areas similarly like the adipose tissue, but the fat content is different. Keywords: beef carcasses, classification, meat, intramuscular fat, video image analysis, bioelectrical impedance Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 115-120 Volume: 49 Issue: 3 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4288-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4288-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200403-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:3:id:4288-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Lojkásek Author-Workplace-Name: , S. L 2, K. H 2, V. L 2 1Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Lusk Author-Workplace-Name: , S. L 2, K. H 2, V. L 2 1Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Hala Author-Workplace-Name: , S. L 2, K. H 2, V. L 2 1Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Lusková Author-Workplace-Name: , S. L 2, K. H 2, V. L 2 1Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic Title: Fish Communities in the Poodří Protected Landscape Area (the Odra River basin) Abstract: The Odra River, 55.2 kmof its length, is winding through the Poodří Protected Landscape Area, which has total area of 81,5 km2. More than 80% of its stream has retained the natural character of its riverbed and the hydrological regime with regular floods. Ichthyologic research was carried out in the period 1997-2001. It took place in 7 localities comprising 3 localities situated in main tributaries and 4 localities of former river arms. Gill nets and electrofishing were used for the research on limnetic biotopes. A total of 22 fish species in the streams (Odra, Lubina, Ondřejnice, and Bílovka Rivers) and 4 other species in stagnant water bodies were found. Out of all identified species, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Pseudorasbora parva, and Carassius auratus are not native species. Anglers identified further 7 species in their catches. The studied river sections are inhabited by the Barbus - Chondrostoma fish community. The highest biomass belongs to the most frequent species Leuciscus cephalus, Rutilus rutilus, and Barbus barbus. Total abundance in the individual localities ranged from 2 416 to 20 392 fishes/ha and total biomass was in the range from 174 to 788.8 kg/ha. The species diversity index H' of ichthyocenoses fluctuated between 2.238 to 3.108 in the area. There were 4-8 species in low numbers in 4 searched pools. The biomass was also low and the diversity index H' ranged from 1.390 to 1.737. Keywords: fish communities, Odra River, Poodří PLA, floodplain Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 121-130 Volume: 49 Issue: 3 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4289-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4289-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200403-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:3:id:4289-CJAS