Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Kráčmar Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Jankovská Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Šustová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kuchtík Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Zeman Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Analysis of amino acid composition of sheep colostrum by near-infrared spectroscopy Abstract: This paper deals with changes in the basic composition of sheep colostrum within the first 72 hours after parturition on the one hand and with the possibility of determining the major components of sheep colostrum by near-infrared spectroscopy on the other. Levels of essential, nonessential and total amino acids in sheep colostrum were determined by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). ). For each component, sets of 90 samples were used to calibrate the instrument by means of a modified partial least-squares regression. The values of correlation coefficients (r) were as follows: 0.979 for Thr; 0.954 for Val; 0.968 for Leu; 0.918 for Ile; 0.946 for Lys; 0.908 for Arg; 0.845 for His; 0.999 for Trp; 0.915 for Phe; 0.909 for Met; 0.939 for Cys; 0.911 for Σmet + Cys; 0.933 for Tyr; 0.945 for Asp; 0.935 for Glu; 0.986 for Ser; 0.985 for Pro; 0.957 for Gly; 0.949 for Ala; 0.940 for ΣEAA; 0.958 for ΣNEAA and 0.977 for ΣAA. Partial least-squares (PLS) regression was used to develop calibration models for examined samples of sheep colostrum. When using the NIRS method, the following correlation coefficients were calculated: Thr (0.959), Val (0.912), Leu (0.936), Ile (0.855), Lys (0.903), Arg (0.853), His (0.717), Trp (0.667), Phe (0.854), Met (0.867), Cys (0.895), Σmet + Cys (0.868), Tyr (0.886), Asp (0.910), Glu (0.882), Ser (0.968), Pro (0.968), Gly (0.923), Ala (0.916), ΣEAA (0.901), ΣNEAA (0.923) and ΣAA (0.943). Calibration was tested using the same set of samples.NIRS results were compared with reference data and no significant differences between them were found (P = 0.05). Calibration and validation models were constructed in the same way.Results of this study indicate that NIR spectroscopy can be used for a rapid analysis of amino acid contents in sheep colostrum. Keywords: near-infrared spectroscopy, sheep colostrum, amino acids Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 177-182 Volume: 49 Issue: 5 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4297-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4297-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200405-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:5:id:4297-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Říha Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Cattle Breeding Rapotín Ltd., Rapotín, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Vejnar Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Cattle Breeding Rapotín Ltd., Rapotín, Czech Republic Title: Comparison of two vitrification methods for cryopreservation of porcine embryos Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare two vitrification methods of porcine perihatching blastocysts with regard to the success of transfer of these embryos to the recipients. Expanded, hatching, or hatched blastocysts were recovered post mortem from superovulated donors in 5.5 to 6.0 days after artificial insemination of donor gilts with homospermic doses. In protocol VS I, the embryos in perihatching developmental stage were equilibrated in a culture medium H-MEMD with 10% v/v of glycerol (1.37M solution of glycerol in medium) for 10 min and placed in a vitrification medium for 1.5 min max. (vitrification medium contained 50% v/v 2M sucrose in tridistilled water, 30% v/v of glycerol, and 20% v/v of foetal calf serum - FCS). Then they were dropped with micropipette and stored in liquid nitrogen vapour. For protocol VS II, we used H-MEMD culture medium supplemented with 20% v/v of FCS, 25% v/v ethylene glycol, and 25% v/v dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO). Embryos were equilibrated for 10 min in a mixture of the vitrification medium and culture medium (1 : 1), and were kept in the vitrification medium for 1.5 minutes. Then they were dropped with micropipette and stored in liquid nitrogen vapour. Embryos were thawed by immersing the drop with the embryo in H-MEMD culture medium with 0.8M sucrose for 10 minutes. After thawing and washing in the medium with sucrose, all embryos were washed three times in a fresh medium and prepared for transfer. Recipients were synchronized either using Regumate-feeding followed by treatment with PMSG and HCG (gilts) or using piglet weaning (sows - 1st and 2nd parity). Recipients showing standing heat at the time of donor insemination were used for laparoscopic and non-surgical ET on day 5.5-6.0 of the cycle. The fraction of viable embryo vitrified under VS I or VS II protocol was 85% and 80%, compared to 95% in control fresh embryos (P > 0.05). Pregnancy of recipients was 57.3% (5/7), 67.0% (4/6) for VS I or VS II group and 42.7% (10/23) for control (P < 0.001). We can conclude on the basis of our data that both protocols for vitrification yielded similar results and can be used for cryopreservation of porcine embryos. Keywords: pig, embryo, transfer, cryopreservation, vitrification, recipient, gilt, sow, natality Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 183-189 Volume: 49 Issue: 5 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4298-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4298-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200405-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:5:id:4298-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Čerešňáková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Institute for Animal Nutrition, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Chrenková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Institute for Animal Nutrition, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: A. Sommer Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Institute for Animal Nutrition, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Passage of nutrients into the duodenum and their postruminal digestion in cows fed crushed and ground maize Abstract: In an in vivo experiment the 2 × 2 Latin square method and Cr as a marker were used to determine ruminal degradation and postruminal digestion of nutrients from a feed ration containing 3 kg of crushed or ground maize (CM vs. GM). The experiment included 4 cows with rumen fistulae and duodenal T-cannulae. Amino acid passage to the duodenum was also determined. The mean concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the rumen fluid was 11.6 ± 6.22 and 11.5 ± 6.41 mg/100 ml in the CM and GM ration, respectively. Crushing considerably decreased starch degradation in the rumen where starch passage reached 33.5% with CM and only 21.5% with GM. Both post-ruminal (82.2% vs. 85.5%) and total digestibility of starch (94.0% vs. 96.8%) was high. The passage of other nutrients was not influenced by crushing. With both feed rations higher amounts of crude protein and amino acids passed to the duodenum than were ingested (127.8% vs. 130.4% and 118.1% vs. 124.5%, respectively). In comparison with intake the highest increase was observed in essential lysine (156.5% and 165.0%, respectively) and glycine (261.1% and 280.2%, respectively). Apparent crude protein digestibility was at the level of 68.5% (CM) and 67.2% (GM). Keywords: crushed maize, ground maize, degradation of nutrients, passage of nutrients, postruminal digestion of nutrients Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 190-198 Volume: 49 Issue: 5 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4299-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4299-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200405-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:5:id:4299-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Lichovniková Author-Workplace-Name: , L. Z 2 1Department of Poultry Breeding, 2Department of Animal Nutrition, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Zeman Author-Workplace-Name: , L. Z 2 1Department of Poultry Breeding, 2Department of Animal Nutrition, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: The effects of a higher amount of iodine supplement on the efficiency of laying hens fed extruded rapeseed and on eggshell quality Abstract: The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of feeding 6.07 mg/kg of iodine in comparison with 3.57 mg/kg of iodine as a supplement in diets with different levels of extruded rapeseed (4.5, 9.0 and 13.5%) for a period of 52 weeks. The higher amount of iodine had the most marked effect on the egg mass production and on the feed : egg mass ratio when the hens were fed 9.0% extruded rapeseed in the diet. The egg mass production increased from 55.5 ± 1.06 g/d to 57.8 ± 1.12 g/d and the feed : egg mass ratio was improved from 2.15 kg/kg to 2.02 kg/kg. The eggshell weight ratio significantly (P < 0.05) increased in all groups with the higher level of iodine. The higher level of iodine significantly (P < 0.05) increased eggshell thickness in the groups with 9.0 and 13.5% of extruded rapeseed and it also significantly (P < 0.01) increased eggshell strength in the groups with 4.5 and 9.0% of rapeseed in the diets. Keywords: egg mass, feed: egg mass ratio, eggshell weight ratio, eggshell thickness, eggshell strength, goitrogens Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 199-203 Volume: 49 Issue: 5 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4300-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4300-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200405-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:5:id:4300-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Z Saricicek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey Title: Possibilities of using dairy compounds exposed to different treatments in dairy cow feeding Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of untreated dairy compound feeds; DCF (control) and DCFs subjected to 2% fat (F); 2.5% tannic acid (TA); 2% fat + 2.5% tannic acid (F + TA) on the milk yield and composition. In the study, 4 cows of Jersey breed were used and 4 × 4 Latin square experimental design was applied. Normal milk yield, 4% fat corrected milk yield (FCM), dry matter content of milk, non-fat solids content of milk, CP content of milk, fat content of milk, lactose content of milk, crude ash content of milk, daily DM consumption of cows, feed efficiency according to normal milk yield of cows, feed efficiency according to the FCM of cows were 11.96, 12.14, 10.89 and 11.94 kg/day (P < 0.05); 14.16, 14.50, 13.06 and 13.70 kg/day (P < 0.05); 13.37, 13.34, 13.54 and 13.41% (P > 0.05); 8.12, 8.00, 8.35 and 8.19% (P > 0.05); 3.67, 3.70, 3.87 and 3.63% (P < 0.05); 5.25, 5.34, 5.19 and 5.22% (P > 0.05); 4.97, 4.812, 5.01 and 5.042% (P > 0.05); 0.75, 0.73, 0.74 and 0.73% (P > 0.05); 15.97, 15.84, 15.94 and 15.59 kg/day (P > 0.05); 1.34, 1.31, 1.46 and 1.31 kg feed DM/kg milk (P > 0.05); 1.13, 1.09, 1.22 and 1.14 kg feed DM/kg milk (P > 0.05), respectively. According to the results it can be stated that 2.5TA and 2F treatments had positive effects on FCM milk yield and milk protein yield. Keywords: dairy compound feed, protected protein, tannic acid, in situ, milk yield, composition Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 205-210 Volume: 49 Issue: 5 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4301-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4301-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200405-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:5:id:4301-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Z Saricicek Author-Workplace-Name: , U. K 1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey Author-Name: U. Kilic Author-Workplace-Name: , U. K 1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey Title: An investigation on determining the nutritive value of oak nuts Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the nutritive values of shelled, unshelled oak nuts and their shells. For the estimation of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP), degradability characteristics, digestibilities, energy values and tannin contents of these feedstuffs the nylon bag technique, cellulose feed system and enzyme methods were used. In spite of the fact that in situ dry matter, organic matter and crude protein degradabilities of shelled and unshelled oak nuts were high, the degradabilities of shells were found lower. Degradability characteristics (a, b, a + b) and effective degradabilities were high in unshelled and shelled oak nuts and low in shells. The differences between the oak nut shells and the other two groups were significant for DM and OM degradabilities (P < 0.01). Pepsin digestible N contents were lower in shelled and unshelled oak nuts and high in shells. Unshelled and shelled oak nuts were significantly different from the oak nut shells for digestibility of DM and OM. Energy values were highest in unshelled oak nuts and lowest in shells. Oak nuts can be used as a forage source in regions with their high natural production. Keywords: quercus pubescens, degradability, tannin, digestibilities, energy values Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 211-219 Volume: 49 Issue: 5 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4302-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4302-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200405-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:5:id:4302-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Jandásek Author-Workplace-Name: , R. G 1, I. I 1, M. S 2, F. P 2 1Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Gál Author-Workplace-Name: , R. G 1, I. I 1, M. S 2, F. P 2 1Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Ingr Author-Workplace-Name: , R. G 1, I. I 1, M. S 2, F. P 2 1Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Sládek Author-Workplace-Name: , R. G 1, I. I 1, M. S 2, F. P 2 1Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Poul Author-Workplace-Name: , R. G 1, I. I 1, M. S 2, F. P 2 1Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Meat quality in two hybrid slaughter lines of pigs Abstract: We evaluated two hybrid slaughter lines, progeny of hybrid parent gilts (LW × L) and D or LW - sire line terminal boars. Within two trials (with a six-month interval between them) the data on 40 animals were acquired; 20 hybrid pigs were sired by Duroc and 20 by LW terminal boars. Post-mortem changes were described by pH, conductivity, redox potential, remission and drip loss. Dry matter, intramuscular fat and myoglobin content were determined. Sensory tests evaluated aroma, flavour and texture. The results can be summarised as follows: post-mortem changes were adequate to normal quality meat. Remission values, drip loss and intramuscular fat content were higher in the hybrids sired by D. The hybrids sired by LW showed higher values of myoglobin content and their meat had better aroma. Total sensory evaluation was in favour of the hybrid progeny of D. The differences between the two trials could be explained by the use of different sires, the interval between the trials (6 months), impact of season and slight differences in feeding technique. However, the majority of the values fell within the category "optimal" quality of pork, therefore this trend in hybridisation could become one of the possible ways of pig breeding in the Czech Republic. Keywords: pig, breed, slaughter hybrid, meat, quality Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 220-225 Volume: 49 Issue: 5 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4303-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4303-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200405-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:5:id:4303-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Nosal Author-Workplace-Name: Swiss Federal Research Station for Agricultural Economics and Engineering (FAT), Tanikon, Switzerland Author-Name: E. Bilgery Author-Workplace-Name: Swiss Federal Research Station for Agricultural Economics and Engineering (FAT), Tanikon, Switzerland Title: Airborne noise, structure-borne sound (vibration) and vacuum stability of milking systems Abstract: Problems with milking and udder health can be attributed to the following causes: (1) sound intensity level (noise) > 65 dB in the milking area, (2) transmission of oscillation (vibration) > 0.3 m/s2 to the body of the cow in the milking parlour, (3) transmission of severe oscillation (vibration) into the vacuum system, (4) assembly and installation faults causing fluid flow problems and hence pressure fluctuations in the vacuum system. By combining technical alterations to a practical unit with the fitting of the Vibrations-schlucker®, it was possible to significantly improve vacuum stability. At the same time noise dropped to one quarter of the original level and vibration was reduced by a factor of five. A significantly reduced working time requirement testified to more pleasant conditions for humans and animals. The results show that the installation requirements according to ISO 5707 (1996) have gaps here. Further studies should specifically define the comfort limits for humans and animals in milking parlours. Keywords: milking, stress, milking machine, air-borne noise, structure-borne noise, vacuum stability Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 226-230 Volume: 49 Issue: 5 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4304-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4304-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200405-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:5:id:4304-CJAS