Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Suchý Author-Workplace-Name: , B. J 2, J. T 3, V. V 1 1University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Straková Author-Workplace-Name: , B. J 2, J. T 3, V. V 1 1University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Jarka Author-Workplace-Name: , B. J 2, J. T 3, V. V 1 1University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Thiemel Author-Workplace-Name: , B. J 2, J. T 3, V. V 1 1University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Večerek Author-Workplace-Name: , B. J 2, J. T 3, V. V 1 1University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Differences between metabolic profiles of egg-type and meat-type hybrid hens Abstract: The main objective of this study was to compare the metabolic profile (i.e. selected haematological and biochemical parameters in blood plasma) of production egg-type hybrid hens (E, MORAVIA BSL) with that of meat-type hybrid hens (M, COBB 500), and to evaluate dynamic changes occurring during the laying period from the 25th to 50th week of age. The study was prompted by both poultry farmers and veterinary practitioners since parameters defining the health of layers are absent. Selected parameters of the metabolic profile of layers were monitored regularly in 5-week intervals during egg laying. Samples of blood for haematological and biochemical examination were obtained by puncture of the vena basilica and stabilized by heparin. The study has revealed that monitored parameters of the metabolic profile significantly vary with factors such as production type, nutrition, and egg-laying intensity. Enhanced metabolism in egg-type hens was reflected in erythropoiesis which increased (in comparison with meat-type hens) highly significantly (P ≤ 0.01), particularly for erythrocyte count 2.36 T/l (2.14 T/l), haematocrit level 0.32 l/l (0.30 l/l), content of haemoglobin 94.48 g/l (84.18 g/l) and leukocyte count 17.06 G/l (13.22 G/l). Similarly, enhanced metabolism in egg-type hens also led to a highly significant increase (P ≤ 0.01) in the levels of biochemical parameters in blood plasma, particularly the total level of protein was 57.62 g/l (50.98) g/l), glucose 14.03 mmol/l (13.36 mmol/l), cholesterol 5.34 mmol/l (3.73 mmol/l) and calcium 6.52 mmol/l (5.52 mmol/l). ) In the case of the plasma level of phosphorus, no significant difference was found between egg-type hens (1.58 mmol/l) and meat-type hens (1.59 mmol/l). The reported results are based on the total of 180 haematological and biochemical analyses performed during the laying period. The results are crucial not only for future development of avian haematology and biochemistry, but also in respect to veterinary practice. Keywords: egg-type and meat-type hens, haematology, biochemistry of blood Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 323-328 Volume: 49 Issue: 8 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4316-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4316-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200408-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:8:id:4316-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Brouček Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: P. Kišac Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: A. Hanus Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Uhrinčať Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: V. Foltys Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Effects of rearing, sire and calving season on growth and milk efficiency in dairy cows Abstract: 32 primiparous cows were used. We tested the hypotheses that live weight and milk efficiency were influenced by the system of rearing from the second week of life to weaning, by the sire, and by the season of calving. Three groups were created according to a rearing system (A - pens with automatic drinking cups, H - individual huts and N - pens with nursing cows). Primiparous cows originated from four sires and were divided according to the season of calving (spring, summer, autumn and winter). Group N had the highest LW (540.5 kg) and group A the lowest (504.8 kg) in the 1st month of the first lactation. In the 10th month of lactation, the weights were 554.5 kg (A), 566.9 kg (H), and 575.1 kg (N). ADG from the 2nd to 10th month of lactation were statistically different between the groups. Other significances were found by the comparison of animals according to sires (P < 0.05). Group N had the highest milk efficiency almost in all months of lactation. The lowest production was recorded in group A. Daughters of the sire F3 reached the highest milk production except the seventh and eighth months. Significant differences were calculated in the 5th and in the 6th month between daughters of sires F3 and F1. Dairy cows calving in summer showed the lowest milk yield in the 3rd, 4th, 7th and 9th month. The most productive were cows calving in WIN and in SP. Group N achieved the highest production of milk for 305-day lactation (N 6 894.1 ± 879.8 kg) and animals fed from automatic drinking cups the lowest (A 5 757.5 ± 865.5 kg). A similar trend was recorded also in FCM milk. The content of fat was highest in group A (4.1%) and the lowest in group H (3.57%). Animals of group N produced highly significantly more proteins than group A (215.3 kg versus 180.9 kg, P < 0.01). Group A produced the significantly lowest amount of lactose and nonfat solids over 305 days of lactation. The content of total solids was the highest in group A. Production of total solids was the highest in group N and the lowest in group A (846.5 kg versus 749.8 kg; P < 0.05). The effect of the sire lineage was significantly expressed in milk production and in the content of fat, proteins, lactose, nonfat solids and total solids. The production of milk, proteins, lactose, nonfat solids and content of fat and lactose for 305-day lactation statistically differed according to the season of calving. Dairy cows calving in WIN yielded the highest amount of milk and proteins, cows calving in SP produced the highest amount of lactose and nonfat solids. Dairy cows calving in SU produced the lowest amount of milk, protein, lactose and nonfat solids. Keywords: dairy cows, rearing, sire, season of calving, growth, milk production, milk composition Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 329-339 Volume: 49 Issue: 8 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4317-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4317-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200408-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:8:id:4317-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. J Rosochacki Author-Workplace-Name: ,2,, T. S 1, J. P 1, E. J -K 1, A. K - K 2, J. O 1 1Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding PAS, Jastrzębiec, Poland Author-Name: T. Sakowski Author-Workplace-Name: ,2,, T. S 1, J. P 1, E. J -K 1, A. K - K 2, J. O 1 1Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding PAS, Jastrzębiec, Poland Author-Name: J. Połoszynowicz Author-Workplace-Name: ,2,, T. S 1, J. P 1, E. J -K 1, A. K - K 2, J. O 1 1Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding PAS, Jastrzębiec, Poland Author-Name: E. Juszczuk-Kubiak Author-Workplace-Name: ,2,, T. S 1, J. P 1, E. J -K 1, A. K - K 2, J. O 1 1Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding PAS, Jastrzębiec, Poland Author-Name: A. Kowalik-Krupa Author-Workplace-Name: ,2,, T. S 1, J. P 1, E. J -K 1, A. K - K 2, J. O 1 1Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding PAS, Jastrzębiec, Poland Author-Name: J. Oprządek Author-Workplace-Name: ,2,, T. S 1, J. P 1, E. J -K 1, A. K - K 2, J. O 1 1Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding PAS, Jastrzębiec, Poland Title: Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscles of bulls Abstract: The relationship between lysosomal proteolytic enzyme activities involved in skeletal muscle proteolysis of the longissimus lumborum et thoracis muscle (MLLT) of bulls was described. Samples from the same region were obtained post mortem from 7 Piemontese (P) and 54 Black-and-White bulls (B-W) about 18 months old fed ad libitum. The activity of cathepsin D was determined as pepstatin (cathepsin D inhibitor) sensitive activity (PSCatD) towards 1% haemoglobin. Pepstatin-insensitive acid (PIA) and leupeptin-insensitive (thiol proteinase inhibitor) acid (LIA) autolytic activities were measured in the presence of 1 mM Mg++. MLLT was also analysed for RNA, DNA and protein content. The data were processed by analysis of variance and differences between sires were tested by the contrast procedure of general linear model. In the examined muscle RNA decreased by 16% in B-W compared to P, CPS by about 14% and FCS by about 39%. DNA content was higher by 64.5% in B-W compared to P bulls (P ≤ 0.01). Some differences were found between P bulls and B-W groups of sires in the percentage of proteins (P ≤ 0.01), CatD and PSCatD (P ≤ 0.01), but the most pronounced differences were determined in PIA and LIA (P ≤ 0.01), and in the percentage of inhibition by pepstatin and leupeptin (P ≤ 0.01) in AAA. In the Black-and-White group of sires the percentage of protein and percentage of inhibition by pepstatin and leupeptin in AAA were lowered by about 10, 17 and 22%, but PSCatD, PIA and LIA were higher by about 23.7, 41 and 57.7%, respectively, compared to Piemontese bulls. The level of aspartic and thiol proteinases was lower in the muscles of B-W compared to Piemontese. The activity was much higher in B-W compared to P. These results indicate the faster turnover of proteins in the groups after Black-and-White sires and higher anabolic increase in degradation in Piemontese bulls. Keywords: bull, skeletal muscle, protein, proteolytic activities, cathepsin D, thiol proteinases Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 340-348 Volume: 49 Issue: 8 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4318-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4318-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200408-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:8:id:4318-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Nagy Author-Workplace-Name: University of Kaposvár, Kaposvár, Hungary Author-Name: J. Sölkner Author-Workplace-Name: University of Kaposvár, Kaposvár, Hungary Author-Name: L. Csató Author-Workplace-Name: University of Kaposvár, Kaposvár, Hungary Author-Name: J. Farkas Author-Workplace-Name: University of Kaposvár, Kaposvár, Hungary Author-Name: L. Radnóczi Author-Workplace-Name: University of Kaposvár, Kaposvár, Hungary Title: Analysis of alternative models treating herd × year effects as fixed or random Abstract: The analysis was conducted of the national database of station tests carried out between May 1996- February 2001, using the Hungarian Large White breed. Days of test, total amount of consumed feed and valuable cuts were taken into the analysis. Using the method of cross validation, small subsets of the data were excluded and then predicted using the remaining part of the data treating herd × year effects either as fixed or as random. The size of the data excluded was 50 or 10 records at a time and the process was repeated 100 or 500 times, respectively. Mean squared error, bias and correlation between the excluded and predicted observations were calculated for all the excluded subsets. There was no significant difference between the fixed and random models but in the case of valuable cuts the random models showed a lower mean squared error and higher correlation between the excluded and predicted observations than the fixed models. Keywords: predictive ability, BLUP, station test, pig breeds Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 349-356 Volume: 49 Issue: 8 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4319-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4319-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200408-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:8:id:4319-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Wolfová Author-Workplace-Name: , J. W 1, R. Z 1, J. P 1, J. D 2, J. K 2 1Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Wolf Author-Workplace-Name: , J. W 1, R. Z 1, J. P 1, J. D 2, J. K 2 1Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Zahrádková Author-Workplace-Name: , J. W 1, R. Z 1, J. P 1, J. D 2, J. K 2 1Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Přibyl Author-Workplace-Name: , J. W 1, R. Z 1, J. P 1, J. D 2, J. K 2 1Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Daňo Author-Workplace-Name: , J. W 1, R. Z 1, J. P 1, J. D 2, J. K 2 1Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kica Author-Workplace-Name: , J. W 1, R. Z 1, J. P 1, J. D 2, J. K 2 1Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Title: Main sources of the economic efficiency of beef cattle production systems Abstract: The economic efficiency of several beef production systems on pasture was investigated under different marketing strategies. All calculations were carried out with the computer program ECOWEIGHT. None of the considered production systems was profitable without government subsidies for the assumed economic input values. The subsidies granted when satisfying a set of conditions served for balancing the economic loss in systems selling all surplus weaned calves outside. A profitability of 10 to 25% was reached for this marketing strategy in dependence on the production system. When integrating feedlot, only the purebred system with mating female replacement at an early age (about 15 months) and selling breeding bulls showed profitability, but at a low level (5%). All other systems produced at a loss even when government subsidies were included. A detailed analysis showed a high variability of the profit and profitability of cow-calf production systems in dependence on breeding and marketing strategies and on the level of the biological and economic input parameters. When considering biological performance, reproduction of females was shown to be the main source of economic efficiency in herds producing calves for sale. When applying feedlot, the daily gain in fattening was even more important. Beef prices seem to be the most important economic factor influencing the profitability of all systems (prices for slaughtered animals in the variant with integrated feedlot, prices for calves in the variant with selling of weaned surplus progeny). Keywords: beef cattle, production systems, marketing strategies, economic efficiency, profit Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 357-372 Volume: 49 Issue: 8 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4320-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4320-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200408-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:8:id:4320-CJAS