Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Maj Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Wólka Kosowska, Poland Author-Name: N. Strzałkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Wólka Kosowska, Poland Author-Name: K. Słoniewski Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Wólka Kosowska, Poland Author-Name: J. Krzyżewski Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Wólka Kosowska, Poland Author-Name: J. Oprządek Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Wólka Kosowska, Poland Author-Name: L. Zwierzchowski Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Wólka Kosowska, Poland Title: Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 5'-noncoding region of the bovine growth hormone receptor gene and its association with dairy production traits in Polish Black-and-White cattle Abstract: The effects of cow's genotype for growth hormone receptor (GHR) were determined on milk production traits of the Polish Black-and-White (BW) cattle. It was shown that GHR genotypes significantly influenced most of the dairy traits studied. Cows of the RFLP-NsiI -/- genotype of GHR produced more milk with higher content of milk components, including fat, protein, and lactose than those with +/+ genotype. The heterozygous +/- genotype at RFLP-AccI appeared superior with respect to two milk composition parameters - gross energy and total solids. The combined GHR genotypes (CGGs) 2213 and 1113 were clearly favourable for most traits under study. Cows carrying the 2213 genotype combination produced daily more fat corrected milk, fat, protein and lactose than other genotypes, and the milk of 2213 and 1113 cows contained significantly more total solids, protein, and fat. Keywords: cattle, GHR, gene, polymorphism, dairy traits Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 419-429 Volume: 49 Issue: 10 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4327-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4327-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200410-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:10:id:4327-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Oravcová Author-Workplace-Name: , J. H 1, L. H 1, J. B 2, V. M 3, O. K 2 1Research Institute for Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Huba Author-Workplace-Name: , J. H 1, L. H 1, J. B 2, V. M 3, O. K 2 1Research Institute for Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: L. Hetényi Author-Workplace-Name: , J. H 1, L. H 1, J. B 2, V. M 3, O. K 2 1Research Institute for Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Bulla Author-Workplace-Name: , J. H 1, L. H 1, J. B 2, V. M 3, O. K 2 1Research Institute for Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: V. Mátlová Author-Workplace-Name: , J. H 1, L. H 1, J. B 2, V. M 3, O. K 2 1Research Institute for Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: O. Kadlečík Author-Workplace-Name: , J. H 1, L. H 1, J. B 2, V. M 3, O. K 2 1Research Institute for Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Farm animal genetic resources in the Slovak Republic Abstract: At present, farm animal genetic resources are used to a various extent and with different objectives inSlovakia. The use of highly productive breeds or hybrids aimed at profitable and competitive production prevails. To a smaller extent, breeds that are a part ofSlovakia's and world cultural heritage are kept. The improvement of these breeds for high production or reproduction traits is not a priority. Diversity of farm animals is viewed through the variety of species and breeds used for production of food for people and, also, through the variety of production systems in livestock. Within livestock species, populations of cattle, sheep, goat, pig and horse breeds were analysed in detail. Preferably, breeds were evaluated with respect to the extent of endangerment (number of breeding females) and conservation programmes involved. The origin of breeds was also taken into account. Within respective species, twenty-three local breeds, including native or indigenous, and twenty-nine imported or exotic breeds, thirteen being newly imported and sixteen being imported for a longer time, were identified in Slovakia. Out of local breeds, fifteen breeds were classified as endangered. Keywords: farm animals, genetic resources, breed, diversity, conservation Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 430-435 Volume: 49 Issue: 10 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4328-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4328-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200410-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:10:id:4328-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Zobač Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Nutrition, Pohořelice, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Kumprecht Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Nutrition, Pohořelice, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Suchý Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Nutrition, Pohořelice, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Straková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Nutrition, Pohořelice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Brož Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Nutrition, Pohořelice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Heger Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Nutrition, Pohořelice, Czech Republic Title: Influence of L-lactic acid on the efficacy of microbial phytase in broiler chickens Abstract: Two growth trials and a short-term metabolism trial were conducted in broiler chickens in the period of 22 to 42 days of age in order to evaluate the effects of two dietary levels of L-lactic acid (1.03 or 2.06 g/kg) and microbial 6-phytase (750 U/kg), added either separately or in combination, on growth rate, feed conversion, dressing percentage and utilization of selected nutrients. In the first growth trial, six different dietary treatments were added to a basal grower diet containing 19.4% crude protein and a reduced level of dietary phosphorus (P) (5.9 g total and 2.9 g non-phytate P per kg). Single administration of L-lactic acid did not show any positive effect on the growth rate or feed conversion. In contrast, phytase addition to a low-P grower diet resulted in the increased final weight of birds and higher feed conversion. This beneficial effect was markedly stronger when the microbial phytase was added to the diets containing L-lactic acid. Based on two-factor analysis of variance, microbial phytase significantly increased the mean final weight by 6.5% (P < 0.01) and significantly improved feed conversion from 1.877 to 1.829 (P < 0.05). In the second growth trial, the same six dietary treatments were added to a basal diet containing a standard level of dietary P (6.7 g total and 4.0 g non-phytate P per kg), but the level of crude protein was reduced to 17.0%. L-lactic acid alone did not show any positive effects on performance. Phytase supplementation alone resulted in numerical improvement of the final weight (+1.1-2.4%), but a higher effect was observed in the diets containing L-lactic acid. In agreement with the reduced final weights of broilers fed the low-protein diets, markedly higher values of feed/gain ratio were noted. In the metabolism trial, selected dietary treatments were involved to evaluate the effects of L-lactic acid and microbial phytase, added either separately or in combination, on the digestibility of nitrogen (N) and fat as well as on the retention and excretion of N and P. Apparent digestibility of N and fat in the low-P diets was not affected by dietary treatments. Retention and utilization of N were numerically higher in all treatments fed low-P diets when compared to the treatment fed a standard diet, but the differences were not significant. Retention of P was numerically higher in all treatments fed low-P diets. When compared to the standard diet, the combination of phytase and L-lactic acid increased daily P retention by 37.6%. P excretion was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in all treatments fed low-P diets supplemented by both test products, either separately or in combination. A numerical decrease in N excretion was noted in both treatments fed low-protein diets. Keywords: phytase, L-lactic acid, P and N excretion, nutrient digestibility, performance, broiler chickens Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 436-443 Volume: 49 Issue: 10 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4329-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4329-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200410-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:10:id:4329-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Spurný Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fisheries and Hydrobiology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Fiala Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fisheries and Hydrobiology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Mareš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fisheries and Hydrobiology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Intensive rearing of the nase Chondrostoma nasus (L.) larvae using dry starter feeds and natural diet under controlled conditions Abstract: We performed intensive rearing of larvae of the nase Chondrostoma nasus (L.) in a feeding experiment until 21 days from the initiation of exogenous nutrition under laboratory conditions at a temperature 26°C. Two dry starter feeds (a feed for salmonids and a starter feed of the artificial plankton type) differing in the composition of nutrients (50% and 60% of proteins, 12% and 16% of fat, respectively) and natural food (Artemia salina nauplii) were used. Cumulative survival rate, individual weight (w), total length (TL), specific weight growth rate (SWGR), specific length growth rate (SLGR) and condition factor (CF) were assessed. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical processing of data. High survival rate 99.3% and the highest (P < 0.01) growth rate of nase larvae (TL = 22.0 mm, w = 69.2 mg) were found when feeding the natural food. The application of dry feed of the artificial plankton type resulted in higher survival (98.8%) and significantly higher (P < 0.01) growth of both length and weight (TL = 17.5 mm, w = 42.5 mg) compared to the nase fed with dry feed for salmonids (survival rate 77.3%, TL = 15.9 mm, w = 24.5 mm). In the course of the experiment the value of Fulton's coefficient increased from initial 0.57 to 0.79 in fish fed with artificial plankton to 0.65 in fish fed with natural food and to 0.61 if dry feed for salmonids was used. We conclude that with an appropriate starter feed the successful intensive rearing of larval nase can be carried out under controlled conditions. Keywords: nase, larvae, feeding, growth, survival Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 444-449 Volume: 49 Issue: 10 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4330-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4330-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200410-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:10:id:4330-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Jurajda Author-Workplace-Name: , J. R 2 1Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Regenda Author-Workplace-Name: , J. R 2 1Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Littoral 0+ fish assemblages in three reservoirs of the Nové Mlýny dam (Czech Republic) Abstract: A synchronous study of 0+ juvenile fish in three lowland reservoirs (Mušov, Věstonice, Nové Mlýny) of the Nové Mlýny dam (Czech Republic) was conducted in July 1997. Fish were sampled by fry beach seine and backpack electro fishing gear at 32 sites in three types of inshore habitats: concrete stepped embankment, stony rip-rap and sandy-gravel beach. In total, we registered 0+ juvenile fish of 17 species and one hybrid. The most common species was bleak Alburnus alburnus (62.7%), followed by roach Rutilus rutilus (12.8%), ide Leuciscus idus (6.2%) and asp Aspius aspius (5.5%). More than 53% of 0+ fish samples were caught in beach sites, 43% in rip-rap sites and only 3.4% in concrete embankment. The littoral assemblages of 0+ fish differed between the three adjacent reservoirs and also between the shoreline types. Keywords: YOY, lowland dam, inshore assemblages, shallow reservoir, cyprinid fishes, DyjeRiver Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 450-457 Volume: 49 Issue: 10 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4331-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4331-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200410-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:10:id:4331-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Svobodová Author-Workplace-Name: ,2, O. Č 2, J. K 1, T. R 1, V. Ž 1 1University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Čelechovská Author-Workplace-Name: ,2, O. Č 2, J. K 1, T. R 1, V. Ž 1 1University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kolářová Author-Workplace-Name: ,2, O. Č 2, J. K 1, T. R 1, V. Ž 1 1University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Randák Author-Workplace-Name: ,2, O. Č 2, J. K 1, T. R 1, V. Ž 1 1University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Žlábek Author-Workplace-Name: ,2, O. Č 2, J. K 1, T. R 1, V. Ž 1 1University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Vodňany, Czech Republic Title: Assessment of metal contamination in the upper reaches of the Tichá Orlice River Abstract: The aim of the present study was to assess metal contamination in the same reaches of the river, and thus to help explain unsatisfactory reproduction results in the reproduction of salmonoid fish. The contamination assessment was based on measuring metal concentrations in the brown trout (Salmo trutta morpha fario) and some bottom sediment samples. The samples were collected in June 2000 and 2001 at two collection sites from theTicháOrliceRiver (Červená Voda - 103rd river km; Lichkov - 93rd river km) and its tributary Kralický Brook (100th river km). At each of the sites, 14 brown trouts were collected in each of the periods of monitoring. The AAS method was used to determine the total mercury, arsenic, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, chromium and nickel contents in the muscle tissue of the fish and in aquatic sediments. The Kralický Brook is an important anthropogenic source of metal contamination (particularly of mercury and copper) for theTicháOrliceRiver. The highest concentrations of mercury in muscles of brown trout were found at the Kralický Brook (0.37 ± 0.08 and 0.40 ± 0.08 mg/kg) and Lichkov (0.41 ± 0.10 and 0.34 ± 0.07 mg/kg) in 2000 and 2001 and the lowest concentration at Červená Voda (0.017 ± 0.02 mg/kg in the same years). Significantly higher concentrations of arsenic (in 2000: 0.30 ± 0.08 mg/kg; in 2001: 0.38 ± 0.07 mg/kg) were found in the muscle tissue of the brown trout collected at Červená Voda than at the downstream site Lichkov (in 2000: 0.18 ± 0.09 mg/kg;in 2001: 0.14 ± 0.07 mg/kg). The authors hypothesize that the difference was due to different conditions (principally water temperature). It seems reasonable to assume that unsatisfactory results in the reproduction of fish from the upper reaches of theTicháOrliceRiver are due not only to organic pollutants but also to mercury compounds that are classified among suspect endocrine disruptors. Keywords: Elbe tributary, Salmo trutta morpha fario, brown trout, muscle, mercury, arsenic, AAS Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 458-464 Volume: 49 Issue: 10 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4332-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4332-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200410-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:49:y:2004:i:10:id:4332-CJAS