Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Samiec Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology, Immuno- and Cytogenetics, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice/Kraków, Poland Author-Name: M. Skrzyszowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology, Immuno- and Cytogenetics, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice/Kraków, Poland Title: Molecular conditions of the cell nucleus remodelling/reprogramming process and nuclear-transferred embryo development in the intraooplasmic karyoplast injection technique: a review Abstract: The introduction of cell nuclei into enucleated recipient cells, beyond enucleation, is the most significant stage of somatic cloning procedure. Microsurgical transfer of somatic nuclei can be an alternative method of clonal nuclear-cytoplasmic hybrid reconstruction towards cell fusion induced in the electric field, not only from the aspect of molecular mechanisms of nuclear chromatin rearrangement, advantageously influencing epigenetic reprogramming and structural remodelling of exogenous genetic material, but also because it was proved in recent studies on pig cloning that the effectiveness of piezo-driven microinjection of ear-derived fibroblast karyoplasts measured by the percentage of oocytes preserving vitality after cell nuclei transplantation operation did not differ significantly from the survival rate (viability) of clonal cybrids reconstituted by an electrofusion method. The intraooplasmic injection system of karyoplasts prepared from cells at G0/G1 or G2/M stages of cell cycle could also increase considerably the total efficiency of somatic cloning technique in pigs and other mammal species. Keywords: somatic cloning, microsurgical nuclear transfer, karyoplast, intraooplasmic injection, chromatin remodelling, epigenetic reprogramming Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 185-195 Volume: 50 Issue: 5 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4142-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4142-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200505-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:50:y:2005:i:5:id:4142-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Karas Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: R. Gálik Author-Workplace-Name: Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Non-contact thermometry in the milking stopping control system Abstract: The paper deals with the detection of "idle milking" times for individual quarters of the udder in a group of dairy cows (randomly selected) in a parallel 2 × 12 milking parlour. A non-contact laser thermometer Raynger ST-6 was used to measure temperatures of the inner surfaces of liners instantly after milking. In a group of 12 dairy cows, the minimum liner temperature after milking was 15.3°C, the maximum temperature was 28.9°C. It follows from the regression correlation that an increase in the cooling time by 1 second decreases the temperature of the liner inner surface by 0.0324°C. On average, fore left quarters were milked idle 2.55 min, fore right 2.21 min, rear left 0.24 min, rear right 0.56 min. Differences in the temperatures of liner inner surfaces determined between fore and rear udder quarters were statistically significant; the negative statistically significant correlation coefficient was recorded between the total milking time and the temperature of liners in fore quarters (r = -0.7802++, resp. r = -0.6058+). Keywords: laser thermometer, liners, climatic and operational factors Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 196-200 Volume: 50 Issue: 5 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4148-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4148-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200505-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:50:y:2005:i:5:id:4148-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Doležal Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Zeman Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Czech Republic Title: Effect of different forms of bacterial inoculants on the fermentation process of ensiled crushed maize moisture grains Abstract: Crushed high-moisture maize grains were ensiled in laboratory silos with different (water-soluble and granulated) forms of biological inoculants. The characteristics of the quality of silage fermentation process were analysed. The water-soluble inoculant product (WSI) Bonsilage and a microgranulated product (MGI) were compared with untreated control (UC). The water-soluble inoculant increased (P < 0.01) acetic acid (AA) production and the ratio LA/AA, decreased pH value, and inhibited production of ammonia (P < 0.05). The best results and the highest quality of preserved silage were obtained when the WSI preparation was used. In samples of WSI silage, the values of pH, AA content, LA/AA ratio, and ammonia content were much better; these differences were statistically highly significant (P < 0.01). In WSI silage, other parameters of the fermentation process were better as well; the contents of lactic acid (LA) and of all fermentation acids were higher than in the other variants while to content of alcohol was the lowest. However, these differences were statistically insignificant. Keywords: lactic acid bacteria, fermentation process, inoculants, silage quality, high-moisture maize grain silane Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 201-207 Volume: 50 Issue: 5 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4149-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4149-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200505-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:50:y:2005:i:5:id:4149-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Nowaczewski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Poultry Science, August Cieszkowski Agricultural University of Poznań, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: H. Kontecka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Poultry Science, August Cieszkowski Agricultural University of Poznań, Poznań, Poland Title: Effect of dietary vitamin C supplement on reproductive performance of aviary pheasants Abstract: The effects of three doses of vitamin C (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) added to the feed of reproductive pheasants on egg production, egg fertility and parameters of hatchability were investigated. In experiments I (1999) and II (2000) birds were kept in outdoor aviaries. In 2000, air temperatures recorded on the farm during the experiment were high (25-30oC), differing considerably from those recorded in the preceding years. In experiment I no statistically significant differences were shown between the control pheasants and those supplemented with 100 and 200 mg/kg vitamin C in terms of egg production, egg fertility and parameters of hatchability. The poorest results were found in the group of birds receiving a feed supplemented with 300 mg/kg vitamin C. In experiment II, statistically higher egg production and egg fertility were noted, compared to the control group, in the groups supplemented with 100 and 200 mg/kg vitamin C. Compared to the control group, pheasants from these groups were also characterized by higher hatchability from set eggs (by approx. 15 percentage units) and fertilized eggs (by approx. 9 percentage units) and smaller number of unhatched chicks and dead embryos after day 10 of incubation. In experiment II, the beneficial effect of 100 and 200 mg supplements of vitamin C on the studied parameters could result from the soothing action of the vitamin on the effects of heat stress. The present results justify the prophylactic use of vitamin C supplement at 100 mg/kg feed in the nutrition of reproductive pheasants reared in aviaries. Under heat stress (high air temperatures) increasing the dose of this vitamin to 200 mg/kg feed seems beneficial. Keywords: vitamin C, pheasant, reproduction, laying, hatchability, stress Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 208-212 Volume: 50 Issue: 5 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4150-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4150-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200505-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:50:y:2005:i:5:id:4150-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Buchtová Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Vorlová Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Svobodová Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia České Budějovice, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology at Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Flajšhans Author-Workplace-Name: Joint Laboratory of Genetics, Physiology and Reproduction of Fish, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and University of South Bohemia České Budějovice, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology at Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fishery, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Chemical composition of flesh of diploid and triploid population of tench (Tinca tinca, Linnaeus 1758) Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine differences in relevant parameters of the basic chemical composition of flesh (descriptors: dry matter - DM, crude proteins - CP, net proteins - NP and net muscle proteins - NMP, fat - F, ash - A) of communal stock of diploid (2n) and triploid (3n) tench (Tinca tinca L.) of the same origin, in relation to sex (F: female vs. M: male) and age (T3: 36 months, after overwintering vs. T3+: 42 months, after one summer in the pond). Altogether 137 siblings of tench were studied. The basic chemical composition of flesh of 2n and 3n tench of T3 age was found to be nearly the same. The only significant difference (P < 0.05) was found in DM content in diploids (5.7% higher DM content in females). Marked changes in the basic chemical composition were related to the increasing age of tench: after one summer in the pond (from T3 to T3+) the DM content increased significantly in all groups of tench (by 5.4% in 2n females, P < 0.05; by 6.5% in 2n males, 9.9% in 3n females and by 7.4% in 3n males, all at P < 0.01). The content of nitrogenous substances was found to increase significantly (P < 0.01) in flesh of 2n males: CP by 3.2%, NP by 4.2% and NMP by 3.3% and in flesh of 3n males: CP by 7.0%, NP by 6.6% and NMP by 7.3%. Muscles of 3n females contained 107.3% higher fat content (P < 0.05). The proportion of ash decreased in 2n and 3n by 2.5% and 1.7%, respectively (P < 0.05). The flesh quality of T3+ tench after one summer in the pond was higher if compared with that of T3 tench after overwintering. Related to the ploidy level, more favourable chemical composition of flesh and more favourable flesh quality were found for triploids of T3+ age. Keywords: tench, genome polyploidy, dry matter, crude proteins, net proteins, net muscle proteins, fat, ash Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 213-219 Volume: 50 Issue: 5 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4152-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4152-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200505-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:50:y:2005:i:5:id:4152-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Jankowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Meat Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: R. Kolman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ichthyology, Institute of Inland Fisheries, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: M. Szczepkowski Author-Workplace-Name: Stocking Centre DGAŁ Z.R.J, Institute of Inland Fisheries, Olsztyn, Poland Author-Name: T. Żmijewski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Meat Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Title: Production value, chemical composition and colour of fillets of the reciprocal hybrid of Siberian sturgeon with green sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Br × (Acipenser baeri × Acipenser medirostrisAyres) Abstract: Fillet yield, colour, chemical composition and fatty acid composition in the reciprocal hybrid (SSZ) of Siberian sturgeon with its crossbred with green sturgeon were analysed. It was found that fillet yield in relation to the weight of gutted and deheaded carcass did not deviate from the parent forms. SSZ does not keep the salmon-pink colour of tissue, which is typical of the father form. Its tissue contains more (P ≤ 0.01) protein and less (P ≤ 0.01) water than the parental tissue as well as less (P ≤ 0.01) fat than the father's tissue. The percentage of MUFA in tissue lipids corresponds to their proportion in the father form, whereas the corresponding values for SFA and PUFA are closer to the father form and much higher (P≤ 0.01) than in the mother form. A 100 g portion of the SSZ tissue for consumption contains a higher total amount of n-3 acids as well as EPA and DHA than the parent fish, with a higher difference in comparison with Siberian sturgeon. Keywords: sturgeon, hybridisation, fillet yield, colour, basic composition, fatty acid Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 220-225 Volume: 50 Issue: 5 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4160-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4160-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200505-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:50:y:2005:i:5:id:4160-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. L. Panamá Arias Author-Workplace-Name: Ethology Group, Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Špinka Author-Workplace-Name: Ethology Group, Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Title: Associations of stockpersons' personalities and attitudes with performance of dairy cattle herds Abstract: We collected questionnaires from 128 stockpersons on 31 Czech dairy farms with the aim to examine three questions: (i) whether the stockpersons' personality profiles, their attitudes and beliefs about cows, and their age/experience were related to farm performance indicators such as milk yield per standardised lactation, culling of cows or costs of veterinary treatments; (ii) whether stockpersons' personalities and attitudes were related to their age, gender and duration of their experience with cattle; and, (iii) how the personality traits of stockpersons differed from the same traits in the general Czech population. The NEO Big Five Personality Inventory questionnaires were used to describe the personalities of the stockpersons in five dimensions: neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness. The attitudes towards cows were examined using a custom-made questionnaire. Attitudes towards cows, as measured by our questionnaire, were unrelated to farm performance. Farms with more neurotic stockpersons had lower milk yields per standardised lactation (rS = -0.38, P < 0.05, n = 31) and higher veterinary costs (rS = 0.40, P < 0.05, n = 30) and farms with more conscientious staff had lower veterinary costs (rS = -0.37, P < 0.05, n = 30). Farms with older stockpersons had higher milk sale prices (rS = 0.53, P < 0.01, n = 31) and lower veterinary expenses (rS = -0.43, P < 0.05, n = 30). On the level of individual stockpersons, longer history of working with dairy cattle was related to lower neuroticism (rS = -0.25, P < 0.01, n = 128). Female stockpersons were more neurotic (P < 0.05) and more agreeable (P < 0.01) than male stockpersons. Stockpersons were substantially less extroverted (P < 0.001), substantially less open to experience (P < 0.001), somewhat less agreeable (P < 0.05) and somewhat more conscientious (P < 0.05) than the average of the Czech population. In conclusion, this study suggests that stockpersons differ in their personalities from the general population and that their personality profiles (but not attitudes towards the animals) might affect dairy farm performance. Keywords: dairy cows, dairy farms, human-animal relationship, personality traits, NEO Big Five, attitudes, vocational choice Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 226-234 Volume: 50 Issue: 5 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4162-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4162-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200505-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:50:y:2005:i:5:id:4162-CJAS