Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Marciňáková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: V. Strompfová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: K. Boldižárová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Simonová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: A. Lauková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: P. Naď Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Košice, Slovak Republic Title: Effect of potential probiotic Enterococcus faecium strains on selected microflora in turkeys Abstract: A group of twenty-six turkeys at the age of seven weeks was divided into four groups (7 birds in three groups 5 in control). The first group of turkeys was used as the control group. The other three groups were inoculated for 7 days with the following bacteria: Enterococcus faecium EE3 strain (2.1 × 109 cfu/ml), E. faecium EK13 strain (1.76 × 1010 cfu/ml) and E. faecium EF55 strain (5 × 108 cfu/ml). Sampling of faeces from each turkey was done at the beginning of experiment (at day 0) and in 7 days from the strain application. The total counts of EE3 strain in faeces of turkeys in EE3 group at day 7 were 4.07 ± 1.04 log cfu/g. At the same day bacteriocin-producing strain EK13 reached the value 5.26 ± 0.2 log cfu/g and the counts of EF55 strain amounted to 4.13 ± 0.64 log cfu/g. When total counts of E. coli colonies were checked at day 7 after the application of EE3 and EF55 strains to turkeys, significant differences in cell counts were found out (in EE3 group a difference of 2.43 log, P < 0.01; in EF55 group a difference of 1.93 log, P < 0.001) compared to the control and EE3 and EF55 groups. The highest reduction of Pseudomonas spp. was determined at day 7 after EE3 strain application (difference of 1.85; P < 0.01) and after EF55 strain application (difference of 0.78 log, P < 0.05) in comparison with the control group. EK13 strain did not influence the counts of E. coli and Pseudomonas spp. in faeces of turkeys. The average daily gain increased in all probiotic groups compared to the control group (EE3 group - 12.2%, EK13 group - 12.9%, EF55 group - 11.8%). At the beginning of experiment the values of total proteins were below the physiological limit in all groups. Although the intake of probiotic strains was associated with an increase in total proteins, the values were not adjusted to the physiological level. The values of total lipids were above the physiological level at the beginning of experiment. Administration of only EE3 strain significantly decreased the level of total lipids (difference of 1.22; log P < 0.01). The values of haematocrit, haemoglobin and activity of the blood enzyme glutathione peroxidase were not influenced. Keywords: Enterococcus faecium, probiotic, intestinal microflora, daily gain, biochemical and zootechnical parameters Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 341-346 Volume: 50 Issue: 8 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4175-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4175-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200508-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:50:y:2005:i:8:id:4175-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Nešetřilová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Multiphasic growth models for cattle Abstract: There are several ways of generalizing classical growth models to describe the complex nature of animal growth. One possibility is to construct a model based on a sum of several classical growth functions. In this paper, such multiphasic growth models for breeding bulls of the Czech Pied cattle based on the sum of two logistic functions are studied. The logistic function was chosen as a base for the models due to the relatively low degree of nonlinearity for the growth data. The paper describes three steps of constructing such a multiphasic growth model: in the first step a model with four unknown parameters is considered, in the second step the number of model parameters which are to be estimated is increased to five and in the third step a general model with six parameters is used. In each step, statistical properties of the considered model are checked. The residual variability of the best fitting model is on average approx. 8 times lower than the residual variability of classical Gompertz model which is often used by breeders to model cattle growth. Keywords: multiphasic growth models, nonlinear regression, degree of nonlinearity, cattle growth, breeding bulls Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 347-354 Volume: 50 Issue: 8 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4176-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4176-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200508-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:50:y:2005:i:8:id:4176-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Štercová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Nutrition, Animal Husbandry and Animal Hygiene, Author-Name: V. Pažout Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Vegetable Foods and Plant Production, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Straková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Nutrition, Animal Husbandry and Animal Hygiene, Author-Name: P. Suchý Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Nutrition, Animal Husbandry and Animal Hygiene, Title: Effect of intensive fattening of bulls based on a high-grain diet on growth intensity and biochemical and acid-base parameters of blood Abstract: The present study deals with the use of high-grain diets with a low proportion of fodder for fattened cattle, and with the evaluation of their effect on the growth intensity and metabolic profile of the animals. Thirty Holstein × Czech Pied bulls were given diets containing from 86.69 to 88.54% concentrates based on crushed cereals in the period from 216th to 327th day of age. The growth intensity of bulls was high, with the average daily weight gain of 1.64 kg in the course of the whole experiment. When the average body weight of animals reached 343.67 kg and 450.93 kg, blood samples were taken from the vena jugularis of 10 randomly selected animals for the assessment of acid-base balance and selected biochemical parameters. Slightly decreased pH values and increased pCO2 were detected by the assessment of acid-base balance. The calculated values of base excess and standard bicarbonate were in the reference range; however in samples of the second collection a highly significant decrease was found (P ≤ 0.01). By a biochemical analysis of blood increased levels of plasma phosphorus were detected in samples of both collections in comparison with the accepted reference range. A statistically highly significant increase (P ≤ 0.01) in plasma urea concentrations was detected in samples of the second collection. Other investigated parameters ranged within the accepted reference values. The results of the experiments show that high-grain diets produced intensive growth with high daily weight gains, without adverse effects on the health status of the investigated bulls. Although some depletion of compensatory mechanisms maintaining the acid-base balance was recorded, no serious disturbance of metabolic profile was registered in the animals. Keywords: bulls, fattening, high-grain diet, weight gain, acid-base balance Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 355-361 Volume: 50 Issue: 8 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4177-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4177-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200508-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:50:y:2005:i:8:id:4177-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Kiraz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey Author-Name: T. Şengül Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey Title: Relationship between abdominal fat and methionine deficiency in broilers Abstract: A study was conducted to determine the relationship between abdominal fat and the intake of methionine deficient diet in broilers. In this study, 66 male broilers at the age of 35 days were used. They were divided into two groups (control, n = 13, and methionine deficient group, n = 53) and all birds were housed in individual pens. During the experiment, normal and deficient diet contained 0.55% and 0.25% methionine, respectively. Control group was fed normal diet for 19 days. Treatment group received methionine deficient diet for 4 days and normal diet for 15 days. Body weight and feed intake were recorded daily. High (HG) and low (LG) groups were theoretically created according to the rates of decreases in individual feed intake. Percent decrease in feed intake of HG and LG groups was 29.4 ± 2.0 and -1.3 ± 1.7, respectively. Abdominal fat in HG and LG groups amounted to 1.62 ± 0.1 and 1.73 ± 0.2%, respectively. The feed conversion ratio of HG and LG groups was 3.1 ± 0.1 and 3.4 ± 0.2, respectively. There was a negative correlation (-0.45 in HG and -0.43 in LG) between the percent decrease in feed intake and abdominal fat. Keywords: broiler, methionine deficiency, abdominal fat Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 362-368 Volume: 50 Issue: 8 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4178-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4178-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200508-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:50:y:2005:i:8:id:4178-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Antunović Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of J.J. Strossmayer, Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: I. Bogut Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture in Mostar, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina Author-Name: D. Senčić Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of J.J. Strossmayer, Osijek, Croatia Author-Name: M. Katić Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physics, Faculty of Education, Author-Name: P. Mijić Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Livestock Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of J.J. Strossmayer, Osijek, Croatia Title: Concentrations of selected toxic elements (cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic) in ewe milk in dependence on lactation stage Abstract: Biological investigations on ewes of Merinolandschaf breed (n = 10) were conducted by the 60th lactation day during the summer on pasture. Ewe milk sampling was carried out on the 2nd; 10th; 30th and 60th lactation day. An electrothermal technique was used to determine Cd and Pb concentrations in food and milk whereas As and Hg concentrations in food and milk were determined by a hydrid technique on an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The investigation results indicate that concentrations of selected toxic elements in ewe milk varied in dependence on lactation stage. In colostrum (2nd lactation day) Cd and Pb (0.011 and 0.035 mg/kg)concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.01) whereas As (0.011 mg/kg) concentrations were lower in comparison with milk on the 10th (Cd: 0.004; Pb: 0.022; As: 0.025 mg/kg), 30th (Cd: 0.005; Pb: 0.024; As: 0.028 mg/kg) and 60th (Cd: 0.006; Pb: 0.026; As: 0.029 mg/kg) lactation day. However, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were found in milk Hg concentration in relation to lactation stage (from 0.021 to 0.026 mg/kg). The selected toxic elements appeared to be present in ewe milk in very low concentrations. Keywords: ewe milk, cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, lactation stage Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 369-375 Volume: 50 Issue: 8 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4179-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4179-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200508-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:50:y:2005:i:8:id:4179-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Vorlová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Milk Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Karpíšková Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for the Hygiene of Food Chains, Brno, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Chabinioková Author-Workplace-Name: Pharmaceutical Faculty, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Kalábová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Milk Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Brázdová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Masaryk University of Brno, Czech Republic Title: The antimicrobial activity of honeys produced in theCzech Republic Abstract: The aim of this project was to determine the antimicrobial activity of honeys produced in the Czech Republic to some bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli). Another aim was to find out whether there are correlations between the antimicrobial activity of honeys and their physicochemical parameters. All honeys included in the study were directly obtained from beekeepers in Southern and Northern Moravia from the summer load of 2001. The project contains 20 honeys which were determined according to their conductivity as blossom (6), blends (10) and honeydew (4). The determination of physical and chemical parameters such as content of water, conductivity, pH, water activity, invertase and diastase activities was carried out in accordance with the methods described in Harmonised methods of the European Honey Commission. The determination of the antimicrobial activity of honey was done by the MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) method. Statistically significant relations between the antimicrobial activity and the conductivity of honey (P < 0.05), the diastase (P < 0.05) and invertase (P < 0.001) activities were found out in the observed physicochemical parameters. The study proved that honey produced in the Czech Republic is antimicrobially effective with the highest effect in honeydew honeys (P < 0.01). Keywords: physicochemical parameters, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, honey, antimicrobial activity Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 376-384 Volume: 50 Issue: 8 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4180-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4180-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200508-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:50:y:2005:i:8:id:4180-CJAS