Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Veselá Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Přibyl Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Šafus Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Vostrý Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Šeba Author-Workplace-Name: Czech Beef Cattle Association, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Štolc Author-Workplace-Name: Czech Agricultural University, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Breeding value for type traits in beef cattle in theCzech Republic Abstract: The type was evaluated in 5 424 young animals of twelve beef breeds. Ten type traits were evaluated: height at sacrum (HS), body length (BL), live weight (LW), front chest width (CW), chest depth (CD), pelvis (P), shoulder muscling (SM), back muscling (BM), rump muscling (RM) and production type (PT). The traits represent two groups: (1) traits scoring body measurements and body capacity (HS, BL, LW, CW, CD, P) and (2) traits scoring muscling (SM, BM, RM, PT). These fixed effects were included in the model: breed, sex, HYS, mother's age, linear regression on age at evaluation and average gain from birth to evaluation. Fixed effects in the model explained 40% to 60% of variability. The highest values of heritability coefficient were estimated for HS (h2 = 0.51) and LW (h2 = 0.50). BL had the lowest values of heritability coefficient (h2 = 0.25). The values h2 = 0.25-0.32 were calculated for the traits scoring body capacity (CW, CD, P). The range of values for muscling traits was h2 = 0.26-0.35. The coefficient of heritability for PT was h2 = 0.34. All traits scoring muscling and PT showed high genetic correlations (rg > 0.95). The traits scoring body capacity (P, CW, CD) were highly genetically correlated with muscling rg > 0.83. Breeding values were determined by a multi-trait animal model. Standard deviations of breeding values were higher in HS (sBV = 0.71) and LW (sBV = 0.84), which was connected with a different method of evaluation of these traits. They were in the range of 0.19 (BL) to 0.30 (RM) in the other traits. Keywords: animal model, beef cattle, breeding value, genetic correlation, heritability, type traits Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 385-393 Volume: 50 Issue: 9 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4223-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4223-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200509-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:50:y:2005:i:9:id:4223-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Katanos Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Production, Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece Author-Name: B. Skapetas Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Production, Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece Author-Name: V. Laga Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Production, Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece Title: Machine milking ability and milk composition of some imported dairy goat breeds and some crosses in Greece Abstract: A random sample of 40 goats was used to study the partitioning, yield and composition of milk: 8 of Saanen breed (S), 8 of Damascus breed (D), 8 crossbreds Saanen × Local Greek goat (S × L), 8 backcrosses Saanen × Local Greek goat {(S × L) × S} and 8 crossbreds Saanen × Alpine (S × A). Four dams of each genotype were of the first and four of the second parity. Goats were milked twice daily (8:00, 18:00 h) in a 1 × 12 side by side milking parlour with 6 milking units. Milk yield and milk fractions (machine milk, machine stripped milk and hand stripped milk) were recorded twice daily each 14 days (from 7th-8th to 29th week of lactation). Milk composition was examined once a month separately for morning and afternoon samples. The ponderable mean was used for the calculation of milk fat, protein and lactose percentage. The results of the experiment showed that milk partitioning in purebred and crossbred goats ranged on satisfactory levels (machine milk - MM: morning 69.8-81.6%, afternoon 66.2-77.4%; machine stripping milk - MSM: morning 12.2-19.3%, afternoon 19.2-23.4%; hand stripping milk - HSM: morning 6.1-10.9%, afternoon 5.4-11.9%; total machine milk - TMM: morning 89-94.6%, afternoon 88-94.6%). The effect of breed (crossbred) was found to be significant for all milk fractions (ml and %, P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). The effect of parity was significant except for MSM (%) and HSM (%). The effect of lactation stage (control day) and the animals was also found to be significant (P < 0.001). The fat percentage of S, D, S × L, S × A and (S × L) × L was 3.82, 5.1, 4.8, 3.88 and 3.95%, respectively (P < 0.001). Protein percentage ranged from 3.1 to 3.6% in the different genotypes (P< 0.001) while lactose percentage was from 4.51 to 4.66%. In conclusion it may be said that imported dairy goat breeds and different crosses with local Greek breed are characterized by good milkability. So the best technique of machine milking is the "routine" milking without applying hand stripping. Keywords: milking ability, machine milking, milk partitioning, goats, crossbreds Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 394-401 Volume: 50 Issue: 9 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4220-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4220-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200509-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:50:y:2005:i:9:id:4220-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Třináctý Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Cattle Breeding, Ltd., Rapotín, Workplace Pohořelice, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Richter Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for Cattle Breeding, Ltd., Rapotín, Workplace Pohořelice, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Homolka Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Rabišková Author-Workplace-Name: University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Doležal Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Comparison of apparent and true digestibility of nutrients determined in dairy cows either by the nylon capsule or in vivo method Abstract: In this study the values of true digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF and starch determined either by the nylon capsule method or conventional in vivo method were compared. Four intact crossbred dairy cows (mean milk yield 21.9 kg/d) were used in two experimental periods. TMR consisted of maize silage, lucerne hay and concentrate. Nylon capsules (external diameter 10 mm) were made of nylon cloth (pore size 42 µm). Capsules were filled with TMR and at the beginning of the in vivo trial they were administered orally as a paper bolus into the cows. The values of true digestibility (after washing loss correction) of DM and OM, as determined by means of the nylon capsule method were lower than those estimated by the in vivo method. The respective differences were -6.9 and -7.3% (P < 0.05). Insignificant differences were found in CP, NDF and starch. Keywords: cow, true digestibility, nylon capsule, dry matter, organic matter, crude protein Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 402-410 Volume: 50 Issue: 9 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4181-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4181-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200509-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:50:y:2005:i:9:id:4181-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Zelenka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Čerešňáková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Effect of age on digestibility of starch in chickens with different growth rate Abstract: Digestibility of starch was examined in slow-growing cockerels of laying type (SG) and in fast-growing male chickens (FG) of broiler type fed ad libitum on a maize-type diet until Day 22 of age in one-day periods and from Day 22 to Day 100 in three-day periods. Digestibility was estimated using the chromic oxide indicator method. In SG chicks, starch digestibility rapidly increased within the first days of their lives and reached the value of 0.986 already on Day 4 of life. It was maintained on this level till the end of the experiment, which was finished at the age of 100 days. In FG chicks, which in comparison with SG birds consumed more than a double quantity of feed, high starch digestibility was observed as late as on Day 8. From Day 8 to Day 100 of age, starch digestibility slightly but highly significantly (P < 0.01) decreased. The average value of digestibility was lower by 0.008 in broiler type chickens than in SG chickens at this time; nevertheless, digestibility was never below 0.96. The difference was highly significant (P< 0.001). Keywords: chickens, age, growth rate, starch digestibility Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 411-415 Volume: 50 Issue: 9 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4222-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4222-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200509-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:50:y:2005:i:9:id:4222-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Simonová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: A. Lauková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic Author-Name: I. Štyriak Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic Title: Enterococci from rabbits - potential feed additive Abstract: Enterococci (58) from faeces of rabbits of various age (from 2 months to 3 years) and 5 different rabbit farms were isolated and tested for survival in the presence of oxgall, lactic acid production, urease activity, resistance to low pH as well as their binding ability was tested. Fifty percent of enterococcal isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecium, 19% as E. faecalis. All strains showed good survival in the presence of 5% oxgall. The urease activity of isolates was in the range from 0.013 to 17.13 nkat/ml, only E. faecalis EE229 strain did not produce any urease. The survival of strains was tested at pH 3.0 and the percentage of their survival ranged between 62.0% and 90.0%. E. faecium EF1819 strain was found to show the best survival ability at low pH. Particle agglutination assay values of selected enterococci expressed only negative (0) or weakly positive (1) binding of heparin, bovine fibrinogen, porcine fibronectin and lactoferrin. Based on the results, most of the selected enterococci could be promising probiotic feed additives. Keywords: probiotic feed additive, rabbit, enterococci, properties Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 416-421 Volume: 50 Issue: 9 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4221-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4221-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200509-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:50:y:2005:i:9:id:4221-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.J. Rosochacki Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sanitary Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Building and Environmental Engineering, Białystok Technical University, Białystok, Poland Author-Name: T. Sakowski Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland Author-Name: E. Juszczuk-Kubiak Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland Author-Name: A. Butarewicz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sanitary Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Building and Environmental Engineering, Białystok Technical University, Białystok, Poland Author-Name: J. Połoszynowicz Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland Title: Cathepsin involvement in muscle proteolysis in meat-type bulls Abstract: Measurements were done of some lysosomal proteolytic enzyme activities involved in skeletal muscle proteolysis of the masculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis muscle (MLLT) of bulls. Samples from the same region between the 11th and 13th vertebra were taken after slaughter from Limousin (n = 10), Hereford (n = 10), Charolais (n = 10), Angus (n = 11) and Simmental (n = 11) bulls about 15 months old fed complete diet ad libitum. The activity of cathepsin D was determined as pepstatin (cathepsin D inhibitor) sensitive activity (PSCatD) towards 1% haemoglobin. Pepstatin-insensitive acid (PIA) and leupeptin-insensitive (thiol proteinases inhibitor) acid (LIA) autolytic activities were measured in the presence of 1mM Mg++. MLLT was also analysed for RNA, DNA and protein variables. The data were processed by analysis of variance. The highest activities in PSCatD (P ≤ 0.05), AAA (P ≤ 0.01) and LIA (P ≤ 0.05) as well as percentage of inhibition by pepstatin in cathepsin D (P ≤ 0.01) were estimated in Angus bulls, and the lowest in Limousin ones. These breeds differed in the above-mentioned activities by 20.3, 21.1, 31.1 and 13.1%, respectively. RNA/g of tissue was highest in Hereford and lowest in Limousin bulls (by about 15.3%, P ≤ 0.01). Similar differences (14.3%) were between Charolais and Limousin (P ≤ 0.01). CPS (103 RNA/protein) was higher by 18.3% (P ≤ 0.01) in Charolais compared to the value in Simmental bulls; similar differences were between Hereford and Simmental (16.4%, P ≤ 0.01). The DNA concentration was highest in Hereford (by about 30%) compared to Charolais bulls. Protein/103DNA ratio (mg/mg) - FCS - was higher by 33.4% in Charolais compared toHereford; RNA/DNA ratio was higher by 40.2% in Charolais compared toLimousin bulls. These results indicate the fast turnover of proteins in the groups of examined bulls and it can be concluded that in hypertrophic MLLT of bulls an anabolic decrease in degradation occurred. Keywords: lysosomal proteolysis, autolysis, skeletal muscle degradation, DNA, RNA Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 422-429 Volume: 50 Issue: 9 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4226-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4226-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200509-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:50:y:2005:i:9:id:4226-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Ryšlavá Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University of Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Janatová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University of Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: G. Čalounová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University of Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Selicharová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Barthová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University of Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Barth Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Separation and identification of carp pituitary proteins and glycoproteins Abstract: Carp pituitary proteins and glycoproteins were separated by the combination of immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) and affinity chromatography on Con A-Sepharose. The protein fractions were analysed by SDS-PAGE. Luteinizing hormone (in the α1β and α2β forms), growth hormone, free α1 subunit and β subunit of thyroid-stimulating hormone were identified by N-terminal amino acid sequencing. N-linked oligosaccharide chains of thyroid-stimulating hormone (β TSH) were separated after fluorescent labelling on a GlycoSep N column and treated by exoglycosidases. Among the saccharide components, complex and hybrid structures terminating SO4-GalNAc-GlcNAc-Man-, and high mannose structures, with 1 to 8 mannose units attached to the oligosaccharide core (GlcNAc)2(Man)3, were found. Keywords: carp hormones, glycoproteins, immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC), oligosaccharide chains Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 430-437 Volume: 50 Issue: 9 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4232-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4232-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200509-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:50:y:2005:i:9:id:4232-CJAS