Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Bečková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Kostelec nad Orlicí Workplace, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Daněk Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Kostelec nad Orlicí Workplace, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Václavková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Kostelec nad Orlicí Workplace, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Rozkot Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Kostelec nad Orlicí Workplace, Czech Republic Title: Influence of growth rate, backfat thickness and meatiness on reproduction efficiency in Landrace gilts Abstract: In the nucleus herd and subsequent multiplication herd of the Landrace (L) breed in 262 gilts farrowed after the first insemination we analysed the influence of various levels of average daily weight gain from birth in the performance test in the field (ADG1) and till mating (ADG2), average backfat thickness (mm) in the performance test (BF1) and at mating (BF2) or lean meat percentage (LM1 and LM2) on the age and weight at mating and at farrowing, on the number of piglets born, piglets born alive and weaned ones and litter weight at 21 days. Based on the studied traits the gilts were divided into intervals for the evaluation according to the average and standard deviation (≤ x - s; x - s; x + s; ≥ x + s). A significant influence of ADG1 and ADG2 on the weight at the first insemination was observed (P < 0.01, P < 0.001). The age and weight after farrowing were affected by ADG1 to a greater extent (P < 0.001). With increasing values of weight gain a higher number of piglets per litter was observed. ADG1 affected the number of piglets born and also of piglets born alive (P < 0.001), the litter weight at 21 days (sows' milk production) and the number of weaned piglets (P < 0.05). ADG2, however, affected only the number of piglets born and of piglets born alive per litter (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). BF1 affected only the age at the first insemination or at farrowing (P < 0.05) and the number of piglets at the age of 21 days (P < 0.05). BF2 affected the number of piglets born, those born alive and the weaned ones (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), the litter weight at 21 days (P < 0.001) and the number of piglets at 21 days (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The lean meat percentage ascertained in the performance test (LM1) did not significantly affect any studied reproduction trait. A significant influence of LM2 on the age at the first insemination or at farrowing was proved (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) as well as on the weight at the first fertile insemination (P < 0.001). An increased percentage of lean meat had a negative impact on the number of piglets born and piglets born alive (P < 0.05), on litter weight at 21 days (P < 0.01), number of piglets at the age of 21 days (P < 0.001) and on the number of weaned piglets (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). A more significant influence of the higher growth ability of gilts on the reproductive traits was detected in the performance test. On the contrary, at the period of mating the reproductive traits were affected by backfat thickness and meatiness to a greater extent. Keywords: gilt, weight gain, backfat thickness, meatiness, reproduction Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 535-544 Volume: 50 Issue: 12 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4259-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4259-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200512-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:50:y:2005:i:12:id:4259-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Freyer Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals (FBN) Dummerstorf, Dummerstorf, Germany Author-Name: N. Vukasinovic Author-Workplace-Name: Monsanto Company Animal AG, St. Louis, Missouri, USA Title: Comparison of granddaughter design and general pedigree design analysis of QTL in dairy cattle: a simulation study Abstract: Traditional methods for detection and mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) in dairy cattle populations are usually based on daughter design (DD) or granddaughter design (GDD). Although these designs are well established and usually successful in detecting QTL, they consider sire families independently of each other, thereby ignoring relationships among other animals in the population and consequently, reducing the power of QTL detection. In this study we compared a traditional GDD with a general pedigree design (GPD) and assessed the precision and power of both methods for detecting and locating QTL in a simulated complex pedigree. QTL analyses were performed under the variance component model containing a random QTL and a random polygenic effect. The covariance matrix of the polygenic effect was a standard additive relationship matrix. The (co)variance matrix of the random QTL effect contained probabilities that QTL alleles shared by two individuals were identical by descent (IBD). In the GDD analysis, IBD probabilities were calculated using sires' and daughters' marker genotypes. In the GPD analysis, IBD probabilities were obtained using a deterministic approach. The estimation of QTL position and variance components was conducted using REML algorithm. Although both methods were able to locate the region of the QTL properly, the GPD method showed better precision of QTL position estimates in most cases and significantly higher power than the GDD method. Keywords: QTL mapping, granddaughter design, general pedigree design, computer simulation Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 545-552 Volume: 50 Issue: 12 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4260-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4260-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200512-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:50:y:2005:i:12:id:4260-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Doležal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Pyrochta Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Doležal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Effects of chemical preservative and pressing of ensiled sugar-beet pulp on the quality of fermentation process Abstract: This study deals with effects of pressing of ensiled sugar-beet pulp and of application of a chemical preservative on the quality of fermentation process. The experimental silages had a better sensory evaluation than the control ones. In silages treated chemically with a mixture of acids, statistically significantly (P < 0.01) higher dry matter content, lowest pH value, the value of lactic acid and the lowest content of all acids in dry matter were found after 180 days of storage from the beginning of the experiment. The statistically significantly (P < 0.01) highest lactic acid content (43.39 ± 1.25 g/kg DM) was determined in the control pressed silage. The highest LA/VFA ratio (1.40 ± 0.18) was calculated for non-pressed experimental silage (D - 3 l/t of KEM). As compared with untreated control the highest percentage (P < 0.01) of lactic acid and of all fermentation acids was found out in silage D treated with 3 l/t of KEM (58.18 ± 0.47 g/kg DM). Undesirable butyric and propionic acids were not found in chemically treated silage samples (C, D, E, F). However, the highest (P < 0.01) contents of butyric acid (26.37 ± 0.91 g/DM) and propionic acid (4.58 ± 0.78 g/DM) were measured in untreated non-pressed silage samples (B). The highest (P < 0.01) contents of acetic acid and ethanol were found in control silage samples. The quality of these silages was evaluated as very low. Keywords: sugar-beet pulp, silage additive, fermentation process, silage making Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 553-560 Volume: 50 Issue: 12 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4261-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4261-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200512-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:50:y:2005:i:12:id:4261-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Rekiel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw Agricultural University, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: J. Więcek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw Agricultural University, Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: M. Dziuba Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw Agricultural University, Warsaw, Poland Title: Effect of feed additives on the results of fattening and selected slaughter and quality traits of pork meat of pigs with different genotypes Abstract: The effect of feed additives: antibiotic (group C), probiotic (group E1) and prebiotic (group E2) on the results of fattening and selected slaughter and pork meat quality traits of two genotypes of pigs (PLW × PL) × BL and (PLW × PL) × Dur, gilts and hogs, was determined. The results obtained for the examined traits in the feeding groups under comparison were slightly differentiated. The growth rate and feed conversion differed between the genetic groups in favour of crossbred fatteners with the proportion of Dur breed (P ≤ 0.01). The mean backfat thickness from 5 measurements and loin "eye" area in fatteners derived from Dur sires as compared to hybrids coming from BL sires were significantly lower (P ≤ 0.01) while the length of carcass was higher (P ≤ 0.01). The gilts were characterized by better meatiness than boars: loin "eye" area, loin weight without backfat and skin, ham weight without backfat and skin differed on the level of P ≤ 0.05, and meatiness of carcass and meatiness of basic cuts at P ≤ 0.01. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) or highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) differences in the proportions of acids: C18:2, C18:3, C20:4, C22:4 and PUFA in the lipid fraction of MLD were found between the feeding groups. The proportion of the above-mentioned acids was lower in group E2 and higher in group E1 as compared to C. The proportion of the acid C18:1 was significantly higher (P≤ 0.05) in group E2 as compared to E1. The demonstrated differences indicate the need of further studies in this respect. In pig fattening there is a possibility of effectively replacing feed antibiotics with other additives. The application of biostimulators - probiotic Bactocell or oligosaccharide Bio-Mos instead of the antibiotic flavomycin appeared to be favourable. From the production aspect it seems to be justified to supplement the feed rations for fatteners during the first stage of fattening with feed additives from the group of probiotics or prebiotics. Keywords: fatteners, feed additives, fattening, slaughter value, meat duality Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 561-567 Volume: 50 Issue: 12 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4262-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4262-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200512-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:50:y:2005:i:12:id:4262-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Písaříková Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Zralý Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Kráčmar Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Trčková Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Herzig Author-Workplace-Name: Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Nutritional value of amaranth (genus Amaranthus L.) grain in diets for broiler chickens Abstract: The following characteristics were determined in raw and popped amaranth grain: crude protein (158.1 and 168.5 g/kg), ether extract (71.5 and 69.4 g/kg), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (99.2 and 111.8 g/kg), cellulose (86.6 and 60.0 g/kg) and essential amino acids (Cys 4.2 and 4.1, Thr 6.0 and 6.5, Ala 8.8 and 9.2, Val 6.8 and 7.4, Ile 5.2 and 5.6, Lys 9.2 and 8.8, Arg 12.8 and 14.2 g/kg). In vitro protein digestibility was 68.1 and 50.6% in raw and popped amaranth grain, respectively. In balance experiments with broiler chickens ROSS 308 the following coefficients of apparent digestibility (%) were determined for control and experimental diets containing 0, 10% raw and 10% popped amaranth: crude protein 85.4, 86.5 and 83.0, ether extract 88.3, 88.2 and 86.1, NDF 21.2, 27.6 and 15.9, cellulose 25.0, 38.4 and 36.3, nitrogen free extractives 76.1, 82.6 and 81.1, organic matter 77.3, 81.8 and 80.6, gross energy 77.5, 80.6 and 78.2. Keywords: amaranth grain, nutrients, amino acids, digestibility, chromium oxide, heat treatment Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 568-573 Volume: 50 Issue: 12 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4263-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4263-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200512-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:50:y:2005:i:12:id:4263-CJAS