Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Brouček Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Š. Mihina Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Š. Ryba Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: P. Tongeľ Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: P. Kišac Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Uhrinčať Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: A. Hanus Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic Title: Effects of high air temperatures on milk efficiency in dairy cows Abstract: 26 herds with 71 586 individual records were used. We tested a hypothesis that milk efficiency was influenced by the elevation of the farm, housing system, breed, area of altitude, and by the cooling of dairy cows. There were 20 herds from lowlands and 6 herds from mountains, 20 herds from free-stall housing, 6 herds from tie-stall housing. 8 herds consisted of Slovakian Pied cattle, 4 herds of Red Holstein cattle, 11 herds of Black-Pied Lowland cattle and 3 herds of Slovakian Pinzgau cattle. The herds were divided into 4 groups according to the nearest meteorological station, and they were distributed according to the type of cooling. 10 herds were cooled by misting, 16 herds by fans. We recorded from 96 to 117 summer days and from 49 to 63 tropical days in lowlands for this summer period. Ninety days with temperature-humidity index (THI) above 72.0 were found in the lowest-elevation area. During 55 days we recorded the values higher than 78.0. Production of milk was higher in lowlands than in mountains (8 761.4 kg vs. 6 372.0 kg; P < 0.01). Differences were also recorded in the evaluation of fat and protein production (346.0 kg vs. 275.9 kg; P < 0.01; 282.6 kg vs. 205.9 kg; P < 0.001). Milk and protein production was higher in free-stall housing than in tie-stall housing (8 656.3 kg vs. 6 722.1 kg; P < 0.05; 278.7 kg vs. 218.9 kg; P < 0.05). The highest milk production was recorded in Black-Pied Lowland cattle (8 832.7 kg) and the lowest in dairy cows of Slovakian Pinzgau cattle (6 058.0 kg). The mist cooling of dairy cows increased (P < 0.05) the amount of produced milk and protein (9 234.4 kg vs. 7 569.7 kg; 293.5 kg vs. 247.1 kg). Keywords: dairy cows, milk production, milk composition, high air temperatures, elevation, housing, breed, cooling Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 93-101 Volume: 51 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3915-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3915-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200603-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:51:y:2006:i:3:id:3915-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Dembele Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Špinka Author-Workplace-Name: Ethology Group, Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Stěhulová Author-Workplace-Name: Ethology Group, Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Panamá Author-Workplace-Name: Ethology Group, Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Firla Author-Workplace-Name: Ethology Group, Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Title: Factors contributing to the incidence and prevalence of lameness on Czech dairy farms Abstract: Twenty-four Czech dairy farms were visited to record lameness prevalence and to identify factors associated with high lameness prevalence at the farm level and/or increased lameness risk at the level of individual cows. All cows were checked for lameness and forty cows per farm were examined for overgrown claws, body dirtiness and skin lesions. The farm environment was scored between 1 (excellent) to 5 (very poor) in three different aspects: floor slipperiness, cow care quality, and housing quality. Data on hoof trimming schedules were obtained from farm managers. Lameness prevalence on farms was in a wide range from 6% to 42% (median 22%). At the farm level, floor slipperiness and poor animal care were associated with high lameness prevalence (Spearman correlations, P < 0.05), and the proportion of cows with overgrown claws tended to be associated with it (P < 0.10). The reported time schedules of hoof trimming (continuous trimming applied or not; and time elapsed since the whole herd was trimmed) were unrelated to either the prevalence of overgrown claws or the prevalence of lameness. Within farms, cows with overgrown claws and dirty cows were at an increased risk of being lame (multiple logistic regression, P < 0.05) and cows with skin lesions tended to be more lame (P < 0.10). The risk of lameness had an inverted U-shape dependence on age (P < 0.05), with cows at 7-8 years of age being the most endangered by lameness. We conclude that there is a large potential for lameness reduction on some Czech dairy farms through improving the cow care and reducing floor slipperiness, and that within farms, cows with overgrown claws and also dirty cows and cows with skin lesions should be given special attention since they are more likely to get lame. Keywords: dairy cows, lameness, welfare, housing, hoof care Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 102-109 Volume: 51 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3916-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3916-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200603-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:51:y:2006:i:3:id:3916-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Kor Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey Author-Name: E. Baspinar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Author-Name: S. Karaca Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey Author-Name: S. Keskin Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey Title: The determination of growth in Akkeci (White goat) female kids by various growth models Abstract: This study aimed to determine the growth of 26 Akkeci (White goat = Saanen × Kilis (Bi) crossbreed) female kids by measuring their body weight, withers height, body length, heart girth depth, heart girth width, heart girth circumference, leg circumference and volume index in two-week intervals from birth to 500 days of age and by using different growth models (Monomolecular, Gompertz, Weibull and Richards). An approximate volume index was calculated by multiplying the values of heart girth depth, body length and heart girth width. The best one among these models was determined in respect of RMS (square root of Residual Means Squares which is calculated from the Square Root of Error Mean Square in ANOVA), R2%, Adjusted R2%, Mallow's Cpstatistic, and asymptotic correlation coefficients criteria. As a result, it was determined that Weibull growth model (which is not concerned with Weibull statistical distribution but is related to parameters of Weibull distribution) was suitable for the above-mentioned material and studied traits. Keywords: growth curves, body measurements, volume index Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 110-116 Volume: 51 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3917-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3917-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200603-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:51:y:2006:i:3:id:3917-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Zelenka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Schneiderová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Mrkvicová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Linseed oils with different fatty acid patterns in the diet of broiler chickens Abstract: The effect of 1, 3, 5 or 7% of linseed oil on the performance and content of nutrients in meat was studied in an experiment with broiler chickens from 25 to 40 days of age. Oils made either of seeds of the cultivar Atalante (A; groups A1; A3; A5; A7) with a high content of α-linolenic acid or of the cultivar Lola (L) with a predominating content of linoleic acid (L1; L3; L5; L7) were used. The diets were formulated to maintain a constant energy/protein ratio. As compared with the groups receiving 1% and 3%, body weight gains were higher in the groups receiving 5% and 7% of oils in the feed mixture (P < 0.01). A lower feed consumption per unit of weight gain was also recorded in the groups with 7% and 5% of oils than in the groups receiving 1% and 3% (P < 0.01). The content of protein in breast meat in the group with 7% was lower than in the groups with 1% and 5% (P < 0.05). There were no differences in the contents of protein in thigh meat. Similarly, no differences were found out in the contents of fat in thigh and breast meat. In thigh meat, the values of ether extract were always significantly higher (P < 0.01) and those of protein content significantly lower (P < 0.01) than in breast meat. There were no significant differences in basic production parameters, breast and thigh meat percentages in body weight, and in the dry matter, ether extract and crude protein contents in meat between the groups receiving linseed oil with different levels of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Keywords: chickens, linseed oil, linoleic acid, α -linolenic acid, meat yield, meat composition Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 117-121 Volume: 51 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3918-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3918-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200603-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:51:y:2006:i:3:id:3918-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Moharrery Author-Workplace-Name: Animal Science Department, Agricultural College, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Title: Comparison of performance and digestibility characteristics of broilers fed diets containing treated hulled barley or hulless barley Abstract: This study was performed with growing chickens (14 to 56 days of age) to evaluate the effects of feeding a barley-based diet. The treatments were maize diet (1) as a control, barley diet with (4) or without (2) the commercial enzyme β-glucanase, barley treated with rumen fluid without protozoa (3) and hulless barley (5). The effects of treatments were investigated in a 42-day trial using 360 sexed broiler chickens. In a digestibility trial, 15 male broiler chicks were used at 45 days of age. In this regard, five treatments were offered to chickens in three replications individually. The experimental design for performance investigation was a completely randomised one with a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Each of the five treatments was replicated three times per sex (n = 3). The levels of barley in treatments (2) to (5) were 35% during the growing (14 to 42 days) and finishing (42 to 52 days) period. At the end of trial, two birds from each pen were selected and slaughtered. Blood samples were taken just before slaughter of birds. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed between (3) to (5) treatments with maize diet in weight gains, feed intake and feed conversion, but barley with no treatment (2) showed lower weight gain compared to the enzyme treatment and hulless barley diet (P < 0.05). Ether extract digestibility decreased significantly in all barley diets compared with maize diet (P < 0.05). Digestibility of DM, CP, and NFE was lower in barley diet with no treatment, in comparison with other treatments (P < 0.05). Reduction of serum cholesterol was observed in birds on hulless barley diet (P < 0.05), but serum triacylglycerols and glucose did not show any significant differences between treatments (P > 0.05). Mean percentage yield of breast showed the highest percentage in barley diet with no treatment (P < 0.05) and abdominal fats were produced in lowest amounts in carcasses on hulless barley diets (P < 0.05). Keywords: broiler, barley, hulless barley, enzyme, cholesterol, digestibility Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 122-131 Volume: 51 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3919-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3919-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200603-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:51:y:2006:i:3:id:3919-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Brzuska Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gołysz, Poland Title: Artificial propagation of female Hungarian strain 7 carp (Cyprinus carpio) after treatment with carp pituitary homogenate, Ovopel or Dagin Abstract: The effects of reproduction were investigated in carp females of the Hungarian strain 7 whose ovulation was stimulated with carp pituitary homogenate (0.3 + 2.7 mg/kg; group I), Ovopel (1/5 + 1 pellet/kg; group II) or Dagin (1 dose/kg; group III). The least-squares means calculated for the weight of eggs expressed in grams show that eggs of the highest weight were given by females treated with Ovopel and those of the lowest weight by females treated with carp pituitary homogenate (1 047.65 g and 769.28 g, respectively). For this parameter a statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) difference was found between the means of group I and II and between the means of group II and III. In the percentage of egg fertilization a statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) difference was also determined between the means of group I and II and between the means of group II and III. The applied spawning inducing agent did not affect the percentage of living embryos after 48 h incubation. Within group I and II the latency time did not affect any of the investigated parameters significantly, however, after Ovopel stimulation eggs obtained 7 h after the second injection showed higher weight and better quality in comparison with eggs yielded two hours later. Within the latency time of 7 h and 9 h statistically significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher weight of eggs and statistically significantly (P ≤ 0.05) better quality after 12-h incubation were found in the ovulation stimulation with Ovopel. In the group of fish treated with Dagin the latency time affected the weight of eggs. In this group statistically significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher weight of eggs was noted for females whose ovulation occurred after 17 h from the application of Dagin while in the latency time of 15 h and 17 h the quality of eggs was similar after the incubation of 12 h and also after 48 h. Keywords: Cyprinus carpio, induced ovulation, carp pituitary homogenate, Ovopel, Dagin, artificial propagation Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 132-141 Volume: 51 Issue: 3 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3920-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3920-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200603-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:51:y:2006:i:3:id:3920-CJAS