Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: M. Pešek
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
Author-Name: E. Samková
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
Author-Name: J. Špička
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
Title: Fatty acids and composition of their important groups in milk fat of Czech Pied cattle
Abstract: In 2003, 2004 and 2005 milk fat composition was determined three times in 55 dairy cows of Czech Pied cattle housed in a byre with stanchions and fed under conditions usual on Czech production farms. Fatty acids were determined by a gas chromatographic method, 26 acids out of the total 37 acids observed in chromatograms were identified. The highest proportions were observed for palmitic acid (29.25 ± 2.98%), oleic acid (24.47 ± 3.27%), myristic acid (12.14 ± 1.80%) and stearic acid (8.91 ± 2.44%). The proportions of saturated, unsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were 64.71 ± 4.18, 31.96 ± 4.20 and 27.45 ± 3.42% of total acids, respectively. The total proportion of nutritionally undesirable lauric, myristic and palmitic acid was 45.26 ± 4.77%, while that of the desirable group of polyunsaturated fatty acids was 4.51 ± 1.09%. The observed relatively wide ranges of the individual groups of fatty acids indicate that it is possible to improve the milk fat composition in Czech Pied cows.
Keywords: Czech Pied cattle, milk fat, fatty acid proportion
Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science
Pages: 181-188
Volume: 51
Issue: 5
Year: 2006
DOI: 10.17221/3927-CJAS
File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3927-CJAS.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:51:y:2006:i:5:id:3927-CJAS

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: A. Hejtmánková
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural resources, Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: L. Kuklík
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural resources, Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: E. Trnková
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural resources, Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: H. Dragounová
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural resources, Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Iodine concentrations in cow's milk in Central and Northern Bohemia
Abstract: Iodine deficiency and related risks of medical and/or developmental disorders in humans are a worldwide problem. In the last years, Czech endocrinologists and paediatricians have observed a significant increase in the occurrence of goitre in children and adolescents caused by a low dietary intake of iodine. Given the low consumption of seafood, milk and dairy products are the main sources of iodine in theCzechRepublic. Iodine contents of milk of dairy cows of different breeds from seven farms located in Central andNorthern Bohemia were studied over a period of 17 months (April 2000 through August 2001). Iodine content was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) based on IDF Standard 167 (1994), following alkaline mineralization of the sample. An analysis of the certified reference material CRM 063 was used to examine the accuracy of determination. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with and without replications, including Scheffe's comparison at a 5% level of significance, was used for statistical evaluation of experimental data. The iodine content of milk ranged from 147 to 605 µg/kg (mean 251 ± 110 µg/kg) during the winter season, and from 35 to 484 µg/kg (mean 212 ± 104 µg/kg) during the summer season. The mean iodine concentration in all samples of milk during the studied period was 225 ± 109 μg/kg.The wide range of iodine concentrations is connected with differences in iodine saturation of dairy cows and it is a result of multiple factors. Iodine reserves in the soil play an important role and influence the content of iodine in feeds for dairy cows and thereby the iodine levels in milk. The presence of goitrogenic substances in feed for dairy cows is another important factor. The iodine content was found to be statistically significantly lower in the milk from dairy cows fed a diet enriched with rapeseed cakes compared to that of dairy cows on a diet without rapeseed cake. Dairy cows on farm F6, which were fed maize silage without added rapeseed cake during winter, had a statistically higher iodine content in milk during the winter season compared to summer, when they were fed fresh fodder. Fresh fodder is supposed to contain goitrogenic substances which significantly reduce iodine levels in milk. This opinion is supported by experimental findings that the date of milk sample collection has no statistically significant influence on milk iodine levels if the dairy cows are fed a diet containing added rapeseed cake (farms F1, F2, F3, and F4) throughout the year. Compared to the other farms, statistically significantly higher milk iodine content was found on farm F5. The mean iodine content in milk from farm F5 was 425 ± 74 μg/kg during the studied period. The main cause is probably that the diet contained no rapeseed cake.
Keywords: iodine, dairy cows, milk, alkaline mineralisation, HPLC-electrochemical detection, goitrogenic substances
Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science
Pages: 189-195
Volume: 51
Issue: 5
Year: 2006
DOI: 10.17221/3928-CJAS
File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3928-CJAS.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: D. Strusińska
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, University of Warmia and Mazuria, Olsztyn, Poland
Author-Name: D. Minakowski
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, University of Warmia and Mazuria, Olsztyn, Poland
Author-Name: B. Pysera
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, University of Warmia and Mazuria, Olsztyn, Poland
Author-Name: J. Kaliniewicz
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, University of Warmia and Mazuria, Olsztyn, Poland
Title: Effects of fat-protein supplementation of diets for cows in early lactation on milk yield and composition
Abstract: An experiment was performed on 37 Holstein-Friesian cows during the first 120 days of lactation. The cows were fed balanced diets composed of haylage and maize silage (together 52% dry mater) and a concentrate containing 19% crude protein (group 1), a concentrate containing 17.5% crude protein and 1 kg of fat-protein supplement Megapro Plus® (group 2) or a concentrate containing 19% crude protein and 1 kg of fat-protein supplement Megapro Plus® (group 3). The mean daily milk yield recorded in groups 2 and 3 amounted to 32.6 kg/d and was by 10.3% higher than in the control group (P ≤ 0.01). FCM yield increased by 15.5% and 12.1% in groups 2 and 3, respectively, in comparison with group 1. Diet supplementation with Megapro Plus® had no significant effect on the levels of fat, lactose, protein, nitrogen fractions and urea, or some physicochemical properties of milk (density, pH, heat stability). A decrease was noted in solids-non-fat (group 2) and somatic cell count (P ≤ 0.05). Megapro Plus® supplementation of a diet with a reduced (to 3%) "00" rapeseed meal content in concentrate (group 2) resulted in a significant increase in the concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids (especially C18:1 and C18:2) and hypocholesterolaemic acids (DFA) in milk, recorded on the 120th day of lactation. Megapro Plus® supplementation of a concentrate with a high (10%) "00" rapeseed meal content aimed at increasing the concentrations of both energy and protein (group 3), had no significant effect on improvement in the fatty acid profile, i.e. changes towards increasing unsaturation of milk fat.
Keywords: dairy cows, CaFA salts, milk, composition, yield
Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science
Pages: 196-204
Volume: 51
Issue: 5
Year: 2006
DOI: 10.17221/3929-CJAS
File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3929-CJAS.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: W. Opitz Von Boberfeld
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Grassland Management and Forage Growing, Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding II, Giessen, Germany
Author-Name: K. Banzhaf
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Grassland Management and Forage Growing, Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding II, Giessen, Germany
Author-Name: F. Hrabe
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University of Agriculture and Foresty, Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: J. Skladanka
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University of Agriculture and Foresty, Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: S. Kozlowski
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Grassland Sciences, Poznan, Poland
Author-Name: P. Golinski
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Grassland Sciences, Poznan, Poland
Author-Name: L. Szeman
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Grassland Management, Gödöllö, Hungary
Author-Name: J. Tasi
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Grassland Management, Gödöllö, Hungary
Title: Effect of different agronomical measures on yield and quality of autumn saved herbage during winter grazing - 1st communication: Yield and digestibility of organic matter
Abstract: The objective of this paper was to obtain information about the effect of interactions and different agronomical measures on autumn saved herbage of different sites in Central Europe (Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland). Within the different sites, the effect of the factors pre-utilisation (accumulation since June, July or August) and winter harvest date (November, December or January) on dry matter (DM) yield and digestibility of organic matter (DOM) was investigated over three consecutive years. All results were examined by analysis of variance and least-significance differences (LSD) were calculated (with P < 0.05). For all years, date of winter harvest was the most important source of variance. The highest yields were attained in November (varied from 2.3 to 0.8 t/ha), the lowest in January (from 1.5 to < 0.2 t/ha). The highest DOM concentration (from 70.4 to 52.4% of dry matter) was reached in November, and it decreased until January (from 59.6 to 35.2% of dry matter). Predominantly caused by the prevailing climatic conditions, the DM yields of the sites varied considerably during winter, showing a significance for the interaction winter harvest date × site as well as for the factor site. The utilisation of autumn saved herbage, pre-utilised in July, might be the best opportunity providing an adequate quantity and DOM for suckler cows until the end of the year, but the prevailing climatic conditions at different sites inCentral Europe finally decide on the practicability of winter grazing.
Keywords: low-input grassland, winter grazing, suckler cow, forage quality, Central Europe
Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science
Pages: 205-213
Volume: 51
Issue: 5
Year: 2006
DOI: 10.17221/3930-CJAS
File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3930-CJAS.html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:51:y:2006:i:5:id:3930-CJAS

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: E. Tůmová
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: L. Zita
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: L. Štolc
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Husbandry, Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Carcass quality in restricted and ad libitum fed rabbits
Abstract: The effect of the length and intensity of feed restriction on carcass quality characteristics was studied in two experiments. In the first experiment rabbits were restricted 1 or 3 weeks. Group 1 was fed ad libitum, group 2 was restricted from 35 to 42 days of age (50 g per day/rabbit), group 3 was restricted from 42 to 49 days of age (65 g per day/rabbit), group 4 was restricted from 56 to 63 days of age (90 g per day/rabbit) and group 5 was restricted three weeks, from 35 to 42 days of age (50 g per day/rabbit), 42 to 49 days of age (65 g per day/rabbit) and from 56 to 63 days of age (90 g per day/rabbit). Rabbits were slaughtered at the age of 84 days. In the second experiment the rabbits were restricted between 42 and 56 days of age and the rabbits were divided into three groups. Group 1 was fed ad libitum, the rabbits in group 2 got 50 g of feed at the age of 42 to 49 days and 65 g of feed at the age of 49 to 56 days and in group 3, 50 g and 75 g of feed in the two periods, respectively. Carcass characteristics were evaluated at the age of 49, 56, 63 and 84 days. Restriction did not affect dressing percentage but reduced the weight of loin. Renal fat was detected in restricted rabbits at the age of 63 days whereas in the ad libitum fed ones at 56 days. Renal fat was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced in rabbits restricted from 56 days of age (experiment 1, 19.71 g, 19.28 g, 26 g vs. 14.33 g and 11.43 g). Kidney and liver weight was influenced by the restriction and realimentation period. The meat colour and pH (measured 24 h post mortem) were not affected by treatments.
Keywords: rabbit, restriction, carcass characteristics, colour, pH
Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science
Pages: 214-219
Volume: 51
Issue: 5
Year: 2006
DOI: 10.17221/3931-CJAS
File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3931-CJAS.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J. Krol
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ichthyology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
Author-Name: J. Glogowski
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
Author-Name: K. Demska-Zakes
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ichthyology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
Author-Name: P. Hliwa
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ichthyology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
Title: Quality of semen and histological analysis of testes in Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis L. during a spawning period
Abstract: A qualitative assessment of the Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis semen describing the basic parameters of seminal plasma was completed. The histological methods used in this study showed changes in perch gonads during a spawning and post-spawning period. At the late period of the spawning season, the structure of testes was clearly loosened and spermatozoa did not fill uniformly all the ampullae of the testes, leaving free spaces at their banks and no spermatids were observed. The results confirmed that there was an additional period after spawning in the annual reproductive cycle of the male Eurasian perch. In both years of investigations (2000-2001), an essential decline in sperm motility at the late period of the spawning season was observed, from more than 85% to 56% in 2000. The sperm motility was not influenced by sperm concentrations because throughout the spawning time no changes in the sperm concentration were observed, 32.4 and 32.6 mld/ml at beginning and at the late period of spawning period, respectively. In contrast to sperm concentrations, protein concentrations in seminal plasma increased in the late period of spawning season, from 3.95 to 5.16 g/l in 2001. This study confirmed that protein concentrations in the seminal plasma of most fish are much lower than in the other vertebrates. Among the fish examined, perch is characterized by one of the highest values of protein concentrations in plasma. Our observations confirmed that a high water temperature influenced anatomical and functional parameters of the reproductive system in male perch.
Keywords: perch, gonads, semen, spawning time
Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science
Pages: 220-226
Volume: 51
Issue: 5
Year: 2006
DOI: 10.17221/3932-CJAS
File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3932-CJAS.html
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