Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Rasch Author-Workplace-Name: Biometric Unit, Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Mašata Author-Workplace-Name: Biometric Unit, Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Title: Methods of variance component estimation Abstract: Estimation of variance components is a method often used in population genetics and applied in animal breeding. Even experienced population geneticists nowadays feel lost if confronted with the huge set of different methods of variance component estimation. Especially because there exists no uniformly best method, a decision which method should be used is often difficult to take. This paper gives a complete overview of methods existing in the simplest case of a one-way lay-out and demonstrates some of them by a numerical example for which the true situation is known. Of course, the one-way lay-out is of limited practical interest but can best be used to explain animal scientists the basic principles of the methods. These basic principles are principally also valid for higher classifications. Advantages and disadvantages of the methods are discussed. The symbols used are the standard biometric symbols as given in Rasch et al. (1994). We can say that all the methods offered by SPSS can be recommended. Keywords: one-way ANOVA, ANOVA-method, MINQUE, MIVQUE, Bayesian approach, Gibbs sampling, numerical example Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 227-235 Volume: 51 Issue: 6 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3933-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3933-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200606-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:51:y:2006:i:6:id:3933-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Bouška Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Vacek Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Štípková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Němcová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Pytloun Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The relationship between conformations of dams and daughters in Czech Holsteins Abstract: The relationship between type traits in Holstein cows over generations was analysed. The analysed data set included a total of 12 157 dam-daughter pairs with linear scores of 14 type traits including a final score and general characteristics of type. Significant relationships existed between linear type traits in dams and their daughters. Pearson correlation coefficients ranged from r = 0.20 to r = 0.63 except the rump angle. A negative correlation (r = -0.02) was found for this trait. A similar tendency resulted from the analysis of the relationship between values of general characteristics and the final type score. Keywords: Holstein cattle, cows, linear type score, correlation Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 236-240 Volume: 51 Issue: 6 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3934-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3934-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200606-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:51:y:2006:i:6:id:3934-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Kučerová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Matějíček Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: O.M. Jandurová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Sørensen Author-Workplace-Name: Research Centre Foulum, Tjele, Denmark Author-Name: E. Němcová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Štípková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Kott Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Bouška Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Frelich Author-Workplace-Name: University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Milk protein genes CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN3, LGB and their relation to genetic values of milk production parameters in Czech Fleckvieh Abstract: Genotypes of milk protein genes, alphaS1-casein (CSN1S1), beta-casein (CSN2), kappa-casein (CSN3) and beta-lactoglobulin (LGB), were detected in 440 individuals of Czech Fleckvieh breed using a PCR-RFLP method. Breeding values of genotyped animals were obtained from the Official Database of Progeny Testing. A granddaughter design including 5 grandsires, 33 sons and 402 granddaughters was used for evaluation. Statistical analysis was carried out in SAS program using a restricted maximum likelihood method (REML). The aim of this study was to determine allele and genotype frequencies of observed genes and to find the relation between genotypes of genes and milk production parameters expressed by the breeding values of animals. The positive findings of frequencies of CSN3 allele B (0.38) and genotype BB (13%) were detected in the observed population. Significant differences were found between genotypes of loci CSN1S1, CSN2 and CSN3 and breeding values for milk production parameters. Genotypes of LGB locus were not significantly related to any of the milk production parameters. Significant effects were found between CSN1S1 locus and average breeding value for milk yield, CSN2 locus and breeding values for all parameters except for protein content and CSN3 locus and breeding values for protein content and protein yield. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the genetic constitution of Czech Fleckvieh breed and help with the application of the information to breeding. Keywords: milk protein genes, cattle, caseins, beta-lactoglobulin, milk production Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 241-247 Volume: 51 Issue: 6 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3935-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3935-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200606-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:51:y:2006:i:6:id:3935-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Jiang Author-Workplace-Name: Feed Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Author-Name: Z. XU Author-Workplace-Name: Feed Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Author-Name: X. Han Author-Workplace-Name: Feed Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Author-Name: F. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Feed Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Author-Name: L. Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Feed Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Title: The pattern of development for gene expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 in pigs Abstract: Sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) has been implicated as a key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. The pattern of SREBF1 gene expression in different growth stages and the relation with adipose deposition is studied. Fifteen female Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire pigs in five groups, each group of three pigs at live weight 1, 30, 50, 70 and 90 kg, were used to study the developmental gene expression of SREBF1 in the subcutaneous adipose tissue by means of semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that porcine SREBF1 mRNA was present in a very low concentration at birth and continually increased to the highest expression at 90 kg growth stages, SREBF1 mRNA levels increased as pigs grew and deposited fat from 1 to 90 kg live weights (P < 0.05). The present data indicated a close positive correlation between the levels of SREBF1 gene expression and the fat deposition rate in pigs (P < 0.05). Keywords: SREBF1, gene expression, fat deposition, pig Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 248-252 Volume: 51 Issue: 6 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3936-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3936-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200606-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:51:y:2006:i:6:id:3936-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N. Kernerová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Special Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Václavovský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Special Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Matoušek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Special Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Hanyková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Special Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: The use of performance test parameters for selection of gilts before their placement into breeding Abstract: The objectives of the paper were to evaluate carcass value in reared gilts on the basis of carcass analysis during the station test of purebred progeny of pigs and ultrasonically with Sonomark-100 or Piglog-105 instruments in the framework of valid methodology for performance testing, and to verify a pos-sibility of prediction of backfat thickness and/or average daily weight gain since birth and lean meat content of gilts as the elements of objectification for the evaluation of their body condition. In total 54 gilts of two breeds were evaluated: the dam breed Czech Large White and the sire breed Czech Large White - sire line. Four-parameter Richards function was used for growth evaluation. The regression function y = 63.870 - 0.447 bt1 - 0.510 bt2 + 0.128 MLLT was applied in ultrasonic instruments for the calculation of lean meat content. We calculated linear regression functions for the conversion of performance testing parameters (gain from birth, average backfat thickness and lean meat content) from live weight on the day of measurement per live weight declared during selections in gilts. Keywords: gilt, growth, carcass value, backfat thickness, lean meat content, body condition Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 253-261 Volume: 51 Issue: 6 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3937-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3937-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200606-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:51:y:2006:i:6:id:3937-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Kordiovská Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Milk Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Vorlová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Milk Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Borkovcová Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for the Hygiene of Food Chains, Brno, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Karpíšková Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for the Hygiene of Food Chains, Brno, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Buchtová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Svobodová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Křížek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Vácha Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fishery, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: The dynamics of biogenic amine formation in muscle tissue of carp (Cyprinus carpio) Abstract: The effect of various storage temperatures (3 ± 2°C; 24 ± 1°C and -18 ± 1°C) on the formation of biogenic amines in the muscle tissue of four hybrid lines of carp (Cyprinus carpio) with respect to microbial contamination was studied. Biogenic amines were determined by fluorescence detection HPLC based on pre-column dansylchloride derivatization. The studied microbiological parameters included total plate count, coliform bacteria count and psychrotrophic bacteria count. Concentrations of biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine, tyramine, histamine and tryptamine) determined in the muscle tissue of hybrids of individual lines varied depending on temperature and storage period. All four lines showed a significant increase (P < 0.01) in putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine and tyramine concentrations over 7-day storage at 3 ± 2°C (mean values 9.7 ± 9.5, 3.4 ± 4.2, 10.1 ± 13.4, 6.3 ± 2.1 and 26.2 ± 4.7 mg/kg, respectively). No histamine was detected throughout the storage period. A health-threatening level of histamine was detected in samples stored at 24 ± 1°C for 2 days, accompanied by marked sensory changes. The highest mean value was 333.0 ± 100.0 mg/kg. Higher levels reaching significance (P < 0.01) compared with fresh fish were determined for putrescine (91.3 ± 54.6 mg/kg), cadaverine (213.0 ± 83.7 mg/kg), and tyramine (138.0 ± 45.1 mg/kg). In samples stored at -18 ± 1°C for 3 months, the content of biogenic amines did not differ at the level of significance from the values determined in the fresh muscle tissue. Putrescine and cadaverine levels were the best correlates of growing bacteria count. Significant differences between individual hybrid lines of carp were detected at none of the storage temperatures, neither between individual biogenic amines nor between the microbiological indicators determined. Keywords: biogenic amines, freshwater fish, storage, HPLC, microbiological duality Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 262-270 Volume: 51 Issue: 6 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3938-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3938-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200606-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:51:y:2006:i:6:id:3938-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W. Opitz Von Boberfeld Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Grassland Management and Forage Growing, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany Author-Name: K. Banzhaf Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Grassland Management and Forage Growing, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany Author-Name: F. Hrabe Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Skladanka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Kozlowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Grassland Sciences, Agricultural University of Poznan, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: P. Golinski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Grassland Sciences, Agricultural University of Poznan, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: L. Szeman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Grassland Management, Agricultural University of Gödöllö, Gödöllö, Hungary Author-Name: J. Tasi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Grassland Management, Agricultural University of Gödöllö, Gödöllö, Hungary Title: Effect of different agronomical measures on yield and quality of autumn saved herbage during winter grazing - 2nd communication: Crude protein, energy and ergosterol concentration Abstract: In addition to the results published in the first communication (Opitz von Boberfeld et al., 2006) this paper presents crude protein, energy (ME) and ergosterol concentrations of autumn saved herbage at different sites in Central Germany, Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic. Within these sites, the influence of the factors pre-utilisation and winter harvest date was tested over three consecutive years. Related to the different climatic conditions of the sites, crude protein concentrations of the growths pre-utilised in July varied from 149 g/kg in November to 134 g/kg of dry matter (DM) in January. The influence of climatic conditions was different on each location and varied depending on the year. Generally, the consistent effect of the factor "site" related to altitude could not be observed. While the energy concentrations decreased with advancing winter and partly reached the values below 6 MJ ME/kg of DM in January, the ergosterol concentrations increased. The results demonstrate that under Central European conditions autumn saved herbage, pre-utilised in July, could provide adequate quantity and quality for suckler cows until December. Afterwards, the utilisation of preserved forages becomes essential. Keywords: winter pasture, grazing livestock, metabolisable energy, ergosterol, mycotoxins Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 271-277 Volume: 51 Issue: 6 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3939-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3939-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200606-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:51:y:2006:i:6:id:3939-CJAS