Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Řehout Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Faculty, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Hradecká Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Faculty, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Čítek Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Faculty, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Evaluation of parentage testing in the Czech population of Holsteincattle Abstract: A set of 233 Holstein calves, their 233 dams and 44 sires from 4 large-sized herds was genotyped for 10 microsatellites recommended by ISAG for paternity/parentage testing. Heterozygosity of microsatellites ranged from 0.607 (SPS115) to 0.835 (TGLA227), and PIC from 0.575 (SPS115) to 0.816 (TGLA227) confirming a high polymorphism of each analysed locus. Their combined exclusion probability reached 0.999, which made them suitable and sufficiently accurate for parentage testing. A conflict between putative parents and calf in at least 2 markers with combined exclusion probability > 0.9 was required to reject parentage. The pedigree was considered incorrect in 25 (10.73%) out of the evaluated progeny/parent trios, of which in 10 samples the genotype of both parents did not match their offspring, and in 2 samples the putative dam was in conflict with the calf genotype. This result shows that the interchange of calves on farms with large-sized herds plays the role as important as the errors in sire identification, or recording mistakes. Keywords: dairy cattle, parentage testing, heterozygosity, exclusion probability Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 503-509 Volume: 51 Issue: 12 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3970-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3970-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200612-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:51:y:2006:i:12:id:3970-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Jílek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Science, Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Řehák Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Volek Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Štípková Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Němcová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Fiedlerová Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Animal Production, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Rajmon Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Science, Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Švestková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Veterinary Science, Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effect of herd, parity, stage of lactation and milk yield on urea concentration in milk Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine how non-nutritional factors such as herd, parity, days in milk, milk production, and milk components affect the concentration of milk urea. A retrospective, observational study comprising analyses of individual cow records from monthly dairy herd improvement milk tests including milk urea tests was conducted. Six commercial Holstein dairy herds were involved in the investigation from October 2000 to September 2003. The data were evaluated using the mixed linear model with repeated measures, and parameters were estimated by the REML method. Significant differences in milk urea concentrations were observed between herds (P < 0.0001), with a significant variability between test dates within herds. Significant effects of parity (P = 0.0003), days in milk (P < 0.0001), and their interaction were also found. Higher concentrations of milk urea were determined in the cows on the first and second parity (5.63 and 5.62 mmol/l, respectively) compared to the groups of cows on the third and fourth parity (5.47 mmol/l). It was found that milk urea concentration increased with the square of milk yield (P < 0.0001), while a negative quadratic relationship was found between milk urea concentration and milk fat % (P < 0.0001). It was concluded that milk urea concentration should be evaluated in association with days in milk, milk yield, milk fat %, and milk protein %. Keywords: dairy cow, milk urea, non-nutritional factors Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 510-517 Volume: 51 Issue: 12 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3971-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3971-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200612-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:51:y:2006:i:12:id:3971-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.W. Zhai Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Dairy Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Author-Workplace-Name: Fishery College of Jimei University, Xiamen, China Author-Name: J.X. Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Dairy Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Author-Name: Y.M. WU Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Dairy Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Author-Name: J.A. YE Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Dairy Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Author-Name: Y.N. XU Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Dairy Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Title: Responses of milk urea nitrogen content to dietary crude protein level and degradability in lactatingHolsteindairy cows Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein level and degradability on milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content. In experiment 1, twelve multiparous lactating cows averaging 176 days in milk were divided according to DIM and milk production into three 4 × 4 Latin squares with four 2-week periods. Cows were fed four diets with different crude protein levels (13.0, 14.0, 15.0, and 16.0%, DM basis) with isocaloric, respectively. Crude protein levels had a low effect on milk yield and composition (P > 0.05), but a significant effect on MUN content. There were significant differences in the MUN content of cows fed either of the two diets (P < 0.01). In experiment 2, fifteen multiparous Holstein dairy cows averaging 91 days in milk were classified according to DIM and milk production into five 3 × 3 Latin squares with three 3-week periods. Cows were fed one of the three isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets with RUP being 30.8%, 36.2%, and 41.6% (CP basis), respectively. Milk yield, milk composition, and MUN content were not significantly affected by protein degradability, and there were no significant differences between any two dietary treatments (P > 0.05). These results indicated that MUN might be used as a parameter to monitor the change in dietary protein levels. Keywords: protein level, protein degradability, milk urea N, lactating cos Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 518-522 Volume: 51 Issue: 12 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3972-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3972-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200612-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:51:y:2006:i:12:id:3972-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Sobczyńska Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland Title: Genetic correlations between racing performance at different racing distances in Thoroughbreds and Arab horses Abstract: The purpose of this study was to find out whether abilities to win races of different distances are different traits. Data included information on 14 665 starts of 1 646 Thoroughbreds, aged 2 to 9 years and on 10 862 starts of 1 145 Arab horses, aged 3 to 10 years. The data comprised seven racing distances for Thoroughbred horses, i.e. 1 000, 1 200, 1 300, 1 400, 1 600, 1 800, >1 800 m, and five for Arab horses, i.e. 1 400, 1 600, 1 800, 2 000 + 2 200, >2 200 m. Placings at the finish (square root) of different racing distances were treated as different traits and analysed by a two-trait animal model. The highest heritability (0.16) was obtained for the shortest distance in Thoroughbreds. Heritability for longer distances was much lower (0.04-0.09). The heritability estimates for Arab horses are very low for all distances (0.02-0.08). Genetic correlations between racing distances ranged from 0.54 to 0.98 in Thoroughbreds and from 0.95 to 0.99 in Arab horses. Genetic correlations in Thoroughbreds decreased as the differences of each racing distance increased whereas they remained high and constant in Arab horses. It means that we discuss very much the same trait measured only at different race distances for Arab horses but a little bit different in the case of Thoroughbreds. Keywords: Thoroughbreds, Arab horses, racing performance, genetic correlations, animal model Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 523-528 Volume: 51 Issue: 12 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3973-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3973-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200612-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:51:y:2006:i:12:id:3973-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Okrouhlá Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Stupka Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Čítek Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Šprysl Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Kluzáková Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Trnka Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Štolc Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Amino acid composition of pig meat in relation to live weight and sex Abstract: The objective of this study was to find out the amino acid composition of pig meat in relation to live weight and sex. In total 80 (40 barrows/40 gilts) finishing pigs of the final hybrid kept in the Czech Republic [(CL × CLW) × (D × PN)] = [(Czech Landrace × Czech Large White) × (Duroc × Pietrain)] were used in this experiment. The pigs were slaughtered at the average age of 168-171 days after birth, at the average live weight of 112.2 kg. The samples of meat were taken from the musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis (MLLT) 24 hours post mortem and subsequently subjected to the chemical analysis. As for the essential and semi-essential amino acids (EAA/SEAA), the highest content was found out in lysine, leucine and arginine. Among the nonessential amino acids (NEAA) glutamic and aspartic acid were present. The highest values of threonine (6.81%), isoleucine (6.13%), leucine (9.21%), lysine (10.54%), arginine (7.88%), serine (6.13%), glutamic acid (15.65%), glycine (6.04%) and alanine (6.25%) were found out in gilts, of valine (6.36%) and proline (5.56%) in the group of barrows with the highest live weight, i.e. 115.1 kg and more. The highest value of phenylalanine (1.34%) was measured in the group with the lowest live weight. The indirect dependence between the content of amino acids and live weight was determined only for valine in gilts. The influence of live weight was found in proline and the influence of sex as statistically significant on the probability level P ≤ 0.05 was found in lysine. The highest/lowest values of water content in barrows as well as in gilts were measured in the group of 115.1 kg and more/105.1-115 kg live weight. A decreasing tendency of the content of intramuscular fat (IMF) was recorded with the increasing live weight. The values of water content, IMF and ash content were found to be significant on the probability level P ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ 0.01. In barrows with the growth of live weight the content of crude proteins also increased. In gilts the content of crude proteins reached the point of inflexion already in the group of 105.1-115 kg live weight. In the values of crude protein content the influence of live weight was not significant. With the growth of live weight the content of ash also slightly increased. Keywords: pig, meat, chemical analysis, slaughter weight, sex Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 529-534 Volume: 51 Issue: 12 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3974-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3974-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200612-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:51:y:2006:i:12:id:3974-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Vácha Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fishery, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Vodňany, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Novik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fishery, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Špička Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Podola Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fishery, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Determination of the effect of microbial transglutaminase on technological properties of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) meat Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of microbial transglutaminase (TG) on processed meat of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Three levels of microbial transglutaminase (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) combined with three levels of NaCl (0, 1 and 2%), added to support the binding reaction, were examined. For the evaluation of quality changes in restructured fish meat, we used the textural property hardness and water holding capacity (WHC). The results confirmed a strong improvement of texture and water holding capacity after the addition of transglutaminase and salt, whereas the addition of 1% TG + 1% NaCl seems to be the best combination from the economic aspect. Another increase in the addition of TG and NaCl to the fish meat did not lead to further improvement of qualitative properties, as it was in the groups with 0% and 1% NaCl. Keywords: processing, common carp, enzyme, NaCl, transglutaminase Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 535-542 Volume: 51 Issue: 12 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/3975-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3975-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200612-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:51:y:2006:i:12:id:3975-CJAS