Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Bartoň Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Kudrna Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Bureš Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Zahrádková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Teslík Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Title: Performance and carcass quality of Czech Fleckvieh, Charolais and Charolais × Czech Fleckvieh bulls fed diets based on different types of silages Abstract: A total of thirty-four Czech Fleckvieh (CF), Charolais (CH) and Charolais × Czech Fleckvieh (CH × CF) bulls with an average weight of 284 kg were included in the experiment and fed ad libitum two mixed diets: MS (based on maize silage) and LCS (based on legume-cereal and lucerne silages) with different concentrations of dietary energy until slaughter at the target live weight of 600 kg. The CF bulls consumed more dry matter (DM) of feed daily than the CH bulls (P < 0.05) and gained weight less efficiently than the CH × CF and CH animals (P < 0.01) during the entire experiment. The killing-out percentage was lower in the CF than in the CH × CF and CH (P < 0.05). The CH bulls received a higher score for carcass conformation and a lower score for carcass fatness (P < 0.01) than the CF bulls, had lower proportions of kidney and cod fat (P < 0.01) than the CH × CF and CF bulls, and produced the highest percentage of high-priced meat (P < 0.05) and the lowest percentage of separable fat (P < 0.001). The bulls on the MS diet were younger than the others at the end of the experiment (P < 0.01), gained weight more rapidly (P < 0.001), consumed less DM (P < 0.001) daily, utilized nutrients more efficiently over the entire experimental period (P < 0.001), and had a higher proportion of internal fat than the LCS bulls. It can be concluded that purebred CH bulls were superior to the other breed groups in most of the traits observed. The intensive diet based on maize silage increased average daily gains, reduced the time needed to achieve the target slaughter weight, and improved the feed efficiency of bulls. Keywords: cattle, crossbreeding, feeding intensity, growth, carcass quality Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 269-276 Volume: 52 Issue: 9 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2267-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2267-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200709-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:52:y:2007:i:9:id:2267-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Bouška Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Štípková Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Krejčová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Bartoň Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Animal Science, Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic Title: The effect of growth and development intensity in replacement heifers on economically important traits of Holstein cattle in the Czech Republic Abstract: The objective of the study was to determine the effect of growth and development intensity in Holstein replacement heifers on economically important animal traits. The intensity of growth was assessed by the average live weight gain until 14 months of age. In addition, live weight and height at the sacrum at 14 months of age were analysed as indicators of growth and development when evaluating the length of productive life. The milk yield of first-calvers increased as the average daily live weight gain in the rearing period increased. An opposite tendency was recorded for cows in their second and third lactation and the total production also decreased with a higher growth rate of heifers. The analysis of the relationship between growth rate and the following reproduction traits revealed that the increased average daily live weight gain to 14 months was subsequently associated with reduced reproduction efficiency in cows. The differences between the groups with the lowest and the highest average live weight gains in the number of days open in the first and second calving interval were 26.78 and 17.47 days, respectively. This tendency was also confirmed in the other reproduction traits analysed. Productive life was significantly longer in animals with the lowest intensity of growth and development compared to the other groups (2.17 to 5.49 months, P < 0.01). Keywords: Heifer, intensity of growth and development, average daily live weight gain, milk yield, reproduction, Holstein cattle Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 277-283 Volume: 52 Issue: 9 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2263-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2263-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200709-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:52:y:2007:i:9:id:2263-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Šustová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Růžičková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kuchtík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Breeding, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic Title: Application of FT near spectroscopy for determination of true protein and casein in milk Abstract: Our study deals with a possibility of determining true protein and casein in cow's, ewe's and goat's milk and in ewe's colostrums by FT NIR spectroscopy. Samples of milk were analysed by FT NIR in the reflectance mode with the transflectance cuvette. The values of correlation coefficients of calibration were as follows: cow's protein 0.943; cow's casein 0.964; ewe's protein 0.997; ewe's casein 0.977; goat's protein 0.989; goat's casein 0.890; ewe's colostrum protein 0.983. Calibration was tested using the same set of samples by the cross validation method. The values of correlation coefficients of validation were as follows: cow's protein 0.923; cow's casein 0.910; ewe's protein 0.994; ewe's casein 0.963; goat's protein 0.972; goat's casein 0.814; ewe's colostrum protein 0.871. The NIRS results were compared with reference data and no significant differences between them were found (P = 0.05). Results of this study indicate that FT NIR spectroscopy can be used for a rapid analysis of protein and casein in cow's, ewe's and goat's milk and ewe's colostrum. Keywords: near-infrared spectroscopy, cow's milk, ewe's milk, goat's milk, colostrum, true protein, casein, chemical composition Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 284-291 Volume: 52 Issue: 9 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2264-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2264-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200709-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:52:y:2007:i:9:id:2264-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Michalcová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra, Slovak republic Author-Name: Z. Krupová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra, Slovak republic Title: Influence of composite κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin genotypes on composition, rennetability and heat stability of milk of cows of Slovak Pied breed Abstract: The effect of the phenotypic combination of genetic variants κ-CN/β-Lg on the contents of technologically and nutritionally important components of milk as well as technological properties of milk was investigated in this paper. The samples of milk were collected from 72 cows of Slovak Pied breed in the second lactation coming from three farms, once from the different lactation stage. The genotyping of milk samples was determined by the horizontal electrophoretic separation of milk proteins on starch gel with addition of urea and mercaptoethanol. Statistical analysis was carried out in the programmes Statistica 6.0 and Statgraphic Plus 5.1 by the least-squares method using the GLM. A non-significant association of B allele in the κ-CN/β-Lg phenotypic combination with milk fat, crude protein content and true protein content was found out. A positive significant effect of κ-CN/β-Lg BB/BB on casein content and casein number was confirmed. The value of casein number increased in the following order: BB/BB > AB/AB > AA/AA (78.43%:77.53%:75.78%). With regard to whey proteins and heat stability, a negative effect of B allele in the phenotypic combination κ-CN/β-Lg was found out. Keywords: cow milk, genetic polymorphism, milk protein, casein, rennetability, heat stability Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 292-298 Volume: 52 Issue: 9 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2268-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2268-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200709-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:52:y:2007:i:9:id:2268-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Jakubec Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Breeding, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Rejfková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Breeding, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Volenec Author-Workplace-Name: National Stud Farm in Kladruby nad Labem, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Majzlík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Breeding, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Vostrý Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics and Breeding, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Czech Republic Title: Analysis of linear description of type traits in the varieties and studs of the Old Kladrub horse Abstract: An evaluation of the linear description of type in 494 horses of the Old Kladrub breed for 32 traits was used to analyse the effect of variety, stud, sex, year of birth and age at description. A linear model with fixed effects was used. The highest coefficient of variation was calculated for the forelimb side-view (40.14%), chest girth (36.25%) and height at withers (30.97%). 28 out of 32 traits were in the range from 7 to 9 utilized scores. The descriptor used a very high number of scores of the scale. Significant differences between both varieties were found in 13 out of 32 traits. Significant differences were found in 12 out of 32 traits between the Kladruby stud farm and the private studs. There is no reasonable explanation of this fact. A significant variety × stud interaction was recorded in only 7 traits. Significant differences between stallions and mares were recorded in a large number of front and body traits (in 11 out of 18 traits) and in 2 rear traits. Despite of a remarkable number of significant differences between the years of birth (in 18 out of 32 traits) and age at description (in 13 out of 32 traits) both factors are not the important ones for the selection of horses according to the type traits. The description of type traits, performance recording and selection are carried out in the population of four-years-old horses born in the given year. The age at description does not play a role because all horses are now described each year at a standard age of four years. The linear description of type is an important tool for the breeding and conservation of genetic diversity within the breed. Keywords: Old Kladrub horse, linear description of type traits, varieties, studs, sex, year of birth, age at description Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 299-307 Volume: 52 Issue: 9 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2265-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2265-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200709-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:52:y:2007:i:9:id:2265-CJAS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Bozoğlu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey Author-Name: V. Ceyhan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey Author-Name: H. Avni Cinemre Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey Author-Name: K. Demiryürek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey Author-Name: O. Kiliç Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey Title: Important factors affecting trout production in the Black Sea Region, Turkey Abstract: We determined the factors affecting trout production in the Black Sea Region, Turkey, on 55 trout farms. The factors affecting trout production were studied using the Cobb-Douglas production function. The explanatory variables in the model explained 99.4% of the variation in trout production. The partial percentage of the feed-use variable was 99%, whereas that of all other variables was 1%. The education level of operators, feed use and capital use positively affected trout production, whereas the stocking density and pond size negatively affected trout production. Technical assistance and extension programs concerning stocking, feeding and disease control that resulted in decreased stocking density and increased feeding efficiency may increase trout production by approximately 20%. Keywords: aquaculture, Black Sea Region, Cobb-Douglas model, production function, trout Journal: Czech Journal of Animal Science Pages: 308-313 Volume: 52 Issue: 9 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2266-CJAS File-URL: http://cjas.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2266-CJAS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/cjs-200709-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlcjs:v:52:y:2007:i:9:id:2266-CJAS